[role="xpack"] [[ml-configuring-aggregation]] === Aggregating data for faster performance By default, {dfeeds} fetch data from {es} using search and scroll requests. It can be significantly more efficient, however, to aggregate data in {es} and to configure your {anomaly-jobs} to analyze aggregated data. One of the benefits of aggregating data this way is that {es} automatically distributes these calculations across your cluster. You can then feed this aggregated data into the {ml-features} instead of raw results, which reduces the volume of data that must be considered while detecting anomalies. There are some limitations to using aggregations in {dfeeds}, however. Your aggregation must include a `date_histogram` aggregation, which in turn must contain a `max` aggregation on the time field. This requirement ensures that the aggregated data is a time series and the timestamp of each bucket is the time of the last record in the bucket. If you use a terms aggregation and the cardinality of a term is high, then the aggregation might not be effective and you might want to just use the default search and scroll behavior. When you create or update an {anomaly-job}, you can include the names of aggregations, for example: [source,console] ---------------------------------- PUT _ml/anomaly_detectors/farequote { "analysis_config": { "bucket_span": "60m", "detectors": [{ "function": "mean", "field_name": "responsetime", "by_field_name": "airline" }], "summary_count_field_name": "doc_count" }, "data_description": { "time_field":"time" } } ---------------------------------- // TEST[skip:setup:farequote_data] In this example, the `airline`, `responsetime`, and `time` fields are aggregations. NOTE: When the `summary_count_field_name` property is set to a non-null value, the job expects to receive aggregated input. The property must be set to the name of the field that contains the count of raw data points that have been aggregated. It applies to all detectors in the job. The aggregations are defined in the {dfeed} as follows: [source,console] ---------------------------------- PUT _ml/datafeeds/datafeed-farequote { "job_id":"farequote", "indices": ["farequote"], "aggregations": { "buckets": { "date_histogram": { "field": "time", "fixed_interval": "360s", "time_zone": "UTC" }, "aggregations": { "time": { "max": {"field": "time"} }, "airline": { "terms": { "field": "airline", "size": 100 }, "aggregations": { "responsetime": { "avg": { "field": "responsetime" } } } } } } } } ---------------------------------- // TEST[skip:setup:farequote_job] In this example, the aggregations have names that match the fields that they operate on. That is to say, the `max` aggregation is named `time` and its field is also `time`. The same is true for the aggregations with the names `airline` and `responsetime`. Since you must create the job before you can create the {dfeed}, synchronizing your aggregation and field names can simplify these configuration steps. IMPORTANT: If you use a `max` aggregation on a time field, the aggregation name in the {dfeed} must match the name of the time field, as in the previous example. For all other aggregations, if the aggregation name doesn't match the field name, there are limitations in the drill-down functionality within the {ml} page in {kib}. {dfeeds-cap} support complex nested aggregations, this example uses the `derivative` pipeline aggregation to find the first order derivative of the counter `system.network.out.bytes` for each value of the field `beat.name`. [source,js] ---------------------------------- "aggregations": { "beat.name": { "terms": { "field": "beat.name" }, "aggregations": { "buckets": { "date_histogram": { "field": "@timestamp", "fixed_interval": "5m" }, "aggregations": { "@timestamp": { "max": { "field": "@timestamp" } }, "bytes_out_average": { "avg": { "field": "system.network.out.bytes" } }, "bytes_out_derivative": { "derivative": { "buckets_path": "bytes_out_average" } } } } } } } ---------------------------------- // NOTCONSOLE {dfeeds-cap} not only supports multi-bucket aggregations, but also single bucket aggregations. The following shows two `filter` aggregations, each gathering the number of unique entries for the `error` field. [source,js] ---------------------------------- { "job_id":"servers-unique-errors", "indices": ["logs-*"], "aggregations": { "buckets": { "date_histogram": { "field": "time", "interval": "360s", "time_zone": "UTC" }, "aggregations": { "time": { "max": {"field": "time"} } "server1": { "filter": {"term": {"source": "server-name-1"}}, "aggregations": { "server1_error_count": { "value_count": { "field": "error" } } } }, "server2": { "filter": {"term": {"source": "server-name-2"}}, "aggregations": { "server2_error_count": { "value_count": { "field": "error" } } } } } } } } ---------------------------------- // NOTCONSOLE When you define an aggregation in a {dfeed}, it must have the following form: [source,js] ---------------------------------- "aggregations": { ["bucketing_aggregation": { "bucket_agg": { ... }, "aggregations": {] "data_histogram_aggregation": { "date_histogram": { "field": "time", }, "aggregations": { "timestamp": { "max": { "field": "time" } }, [,"": { "terms":{... } [,"aggregations" : { []+ } ] }] } } } } } ---------------------------------- // NOTCONSOLE The top level aggregation must be either a {ref}/search-aggregations-bucket.html[Bucket Aggregation] containing as single sub-aggregation that is a `date_histogram` or the top level aggregation is the required `date_histogram`. There must be exactly 1 `date_histogram` aggregation. For more information, see {ref}/search-aggregations-bucket-datehistogram-aggregation.html[Date Histogram Aggregation]. NOTE: The `time_zone` parameter in the date histogram aggregation must be set to `UTC`, which is the default value. Each histogram bucket has a key, which is the bucket start time. This key cannot be used for aggregations in {dfeeds}, however, because they need to know the time of the latest record within a bucket. Otherwise, when you restart a {dfeed}, it continues from the start time of the histogram bucket and possibly fetches the same data twice. The max aggregation for the time field is therefore necessary to provide the time of the latest record within a bucket. You can optionally specify a terms aggregation, which creates buckets for different values of a field. IMPORTANT: If you use a terms aggregation, by default it returns buckets for the top ten terms. Thus if the cardinality of the term is greater than 10, not all terms are analyzed. You can change this behavior by setting the `size` parameter. To determine the cardinality of your data, you can run searches such as: [source,js] -------------------------------------------------- GET .../_search { "aggs": { "service_cardinality": { "cardinality": { "field": "service" } } } } -------------------------------------------------- // NOTCONSOLE By default, {es} limits the maximum number of terms returned to 10000. For high cardinality fields, the query might not run. It might return errors related to circuit breaking exceptions that indicate that the data is too large. In such cases, do not use aggregations in your {dfeed}. For more information, see {ref}/search-aggregations-bucket-terms-aggregation.html[Terms Aggregation]. You can also optionally specify multiple sub-aggregations. The sub-aggregations are aggregated for the buckets that were created by their parent aggregation. For more information, see {ref}/search-aggregations.html[Aggregations]. TIP: If your detectors use metric or sum analytical functions, set the `interval` of the date histogram aggregation to a tenth of the `bucket_span` that was defined in the job. This suggestion creates finer, more granular time buckets, which are ideal for this type of analysis. If your detectors use count or rare functions, set `interval` to the same value as `bucket_span`. For more information about analytical functions, see <>.