[[mapping-all-field]] === `_all` field The `_all` field is a special _catch-all_ field which concatenates the values of all of the other fields into one big string, using space as a delimiter, which is then <> and indexed, but not stored. This means that it can be searched, but not retrieved. The `_all` field allows you to search for values in documents without knowing which field contains the value. This makes it a useful option when getting started with a new dataset. For instance: [source,js] -------------------------------- PUT my_index/user/1 <1> { "first_name": "John", "last_name": "Smith", "date_of_birth": "1970-10-24" } GET my_index/_search { "query": { "match": { "_all": "john smith 1970" } } } -------------------------------- // CONSOLE <1> The `_all` field will contain the terms: [ `"john"`, `"smith"`, `"1970"`, `"10"`, `"24"` ] [NOTE] .All values treated as strings ============================================================================= The `date_of_birth` field in the above example is recognised as a `date` field and so will index a single term representing `1970-10-24 00:00:00 UTC`. The `_all` field, however, treats all values as strings, so the date value is indexed as the three string terms: `"1970"`, `"24"`, `"10"`. It is important to note that the `_all` field combines the original values from each field as a string. It does not combine the _terms_ from each field. ============================================================================= The `_all` field is just a <> field, and accepts the same parameters that other string fields accept, including `analyzer`, `term_vectors`, `index_options`, and `store`. The `_all` field can be useful, especially when exploring new data using simple filtering. However, by concatenating field values into one big string, the `_all` field loses the distinction between short fields (more relevant) and long fields (less relevant). For use cases where search relevance is important, it is better to query individual fields specifically. The `_all` field is not free: it requires extra CPU cycles and uses more disk space. If not needed, it can be completely <> or customised on a <>. [[querying-all-field]] ==== Using the `_all` field in queries The <> and <> queries query the `_all` field by default, unless another field is specified: [source,js] -------------------------------- GET _search { "query": { "query_string": { "query": "john smith 1970" } } } -------------------------------- // CONSOLE The same goes for the `?q=` parameter in <> (which is rewritten to a `query_string` query internally): [source,js] -------------------------------- GET _search?q=john+smith+1970 -------------------------------- Other queries, such as the <> and <> queries require you to specify the `_all` field explicitly, as per the <>. [[disabling-all-field]] ==== Disabling the `_all` field The `_all` field can be completely disabled per-type by setting `enabled` to `false`: [source,js] -------------------------------- PUT my_index { "mappings": { "type_1": { <1> "properties": {...} }, "type_2": { <2> "_all": { "enabled": false }, "properties": {...} } } } -------------------------------- // CONSOLE // TEST[s/\.\.\.//] <1> The `_all` field in `type_1` is enabled. <2> The `_all` field in `type_2` is completely disabled. If the `_all` field is disabled, then URI search requests and the `query_string` and `simple_query_string` queries will not be able to use it for queries (see <>). You can configure them to use a different field with the `index.query.default_field` setting: [source,js] -------------------------------- PUT my_index { "mappings": { "my_type": { "_all": { "enabled": false <1> }, "properties": { "content": { "type": "text" } } } }, "settings": { "index.query.default_field": "content" <2> } } -------------------------------- // CONSOLE <1> The `_all` field is disabled for the `my_type` type. <2> The `query_string` query will default to querying the `content` field in this index. [[excluding-from-all]] ==== Excluding fields from `_all` Individual fields can be included or excluded from the `_all` field with the <> setting. [[all-field-and-boosting]] ==== Index boosting and the `_all` field Individual fields can be _boosted_ at index time, with the <> parameter. The `_all` field takes these boosts into account: [source,js] -------------------------------- PUT myindex { "mappings": { "mytype": { "properties": { "title": { <1> "type": "text", "boost": 2 }, "content": { <1> "type": "text" } } } } } -------------------------------- // CONSOLE <1> When querying the `_all` field, words that originated in the `title` field are twice as relevant as words that originated in the `content` field. WARNING: Using index-time boosting with the `_all` field has a significant impact on query performance. Usually the better solution is to query fields individually, with optional query time boosting. [[custom-all-fields]] ==== Custom `_all` fields While there is only a single `_all` field per index, the <> parameter allows the creation of multiple __custom `_all` fields__. For instance, `first_name` and `last_name` fields can be combined together into the `full_name` field: [source,js] -------------------------------- PUT myindex { "mappings": { "mytype": { "properties": { "first_name": { "type": "text", "copy_to": "full_name" <1> }, "last_name": { "type": "text", "copy_to": "full_name" <1> }, "full_name": { "type": "text" } } } } } PUT myindex/mytype/1 { "first_name": "John", "last_name": "Smith" } GET myindex/_search { "query": { "match": { "full_name": "John Smith" } } } -------------------------------- // CONSOLE <1> The `first_name` and `last_name` values are copied to the `full_name` field. [[highlighting-all-field]] ==== Highlighting and the `_all` field A field can only be used for <> if the original string value is available, either from the <> field or as a stored field. The `_all` field is not present in the `_source` field and it is not stored by default, and so cannot be highlighted. There are two options. Either <> or highlight the <>. [[all-field-store]] ===== Store the `_all` field If `store` is set to `true`, then the original field value is retrievable and can be highlighted: [source,js] -------------------------------- PUT myindex { "mappings": { "mytype": { "_all": { "store": true } } } } PUT myindex/mytype/1 { "first_name": "John", "last_name": "Smith" } GET _search { "query": { "match": { "_all": "John Smith" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "_all": {} } } } -------------------------------- // CONSOLE Of course, storing the `_all` field will use significantly more disk space and, because it is a combination of other fields, it may result in odd highlighting results. The `_all` field also accepts the `term_vector` and `index_options` parameters, allowing the use of the fast vector highlighter and the postings highlighter. [[all-highlight-fields]] ===== Highlight original fields You can query the `_all` field, but use the original fields for highlighting as follows: [source,js] -------------------------------- PUT myindex { "mappings": { "mytype": { "_all": {} } } } PUT myindex/mytype/1 { "first_name": "John", "last_name": "Smith" } GET _search { "query": { "match": { "_all": "John Smith" <1> } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "*_name": { <2> "require_field_match": false <3> } } } } -------------------------------- // CONSOLE <1> The query inspects the `_all` field to find matching documents. <2> Highlighting is performed on the two name fields, which are available from the `_source`. <3> The query wasn't run against the name fields, so set `require_field_match` to `false`.