141 lines
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
141 lines
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
[[dynamic-field-mapping]]
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=== Dynamic field mapping
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By default, when a previously unseen field is found in a document,
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Elasticsearch will add the new field to the type mapping. This behaviour can
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be disabled, both at the document and at the <<object,`object`>> level, by
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setting the <<dynamic,`dynamic`>> parameter to `false` (to ignore new fields) or to `strict` (to throw
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an exception if an unknown field is encountered).
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Assuming `dynamic` field mapping is enabled, some simple rules are used to
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determine which datatype the field should have:
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[horizontal]
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*JSON datatype*:: *Elasticsearch datatype*
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`null`:: No field is added.
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`true` or `false`:: <<boolean,`boolean`>> field
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floating{nbsp}point{nbsp}number:: <<number,`float`>> field
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integer:: <<number,`long`>> field
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object:: <<object,`object`>> field
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array:: Depends on the first non-`null` value in the array.
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string:: Either a <<date,`date`>> field
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(if the value passes <<date-detection,date detection>>),
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a <<number,`double`>> or <<number,`long`>> field
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(if the value passes <<numeric-detection,numeric detection>>)
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or a <<text,`text`>> field, with a <<keyword,`keyword`>> sub-field.
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These are the only <<mapping-types,field datatypes>> that are dynamically
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detected. All other datatypes must be mapped explicitly.
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Besides the options listed below, dynamic field mapping rules can be further
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customised with <<dynamic-templates,`dynamic_templates`>>.
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[[date-detection]]
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==== Date detection
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If `date_detection` is enabled (default), then new string fields are checked
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to see whether their contents match any of the date patterns specified in
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`dynamic_date_formats`. If a match is found, a new <<date,`date`>> field is
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added with the corresponding format.
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The default value for `dynamic_date_formats` is:
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[ <<strict-date-time,`"strict_date_optional_time"`>>,`"yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss Z||yyyy/MM/dd Z"`]
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For example:
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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PUT my_index/_doc/1
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{
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"create_date": "2015/09/02"
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}
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GET my_index/_mapping <1>
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--------------------------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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<1> The `create_date` field has been added as a <<date,`date`>>
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field with the <<mapping-date-format,`format`>>: +
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`"yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss Z||yyyy/MM/dd Z"`.
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===== Disabling date detection
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Dynamic date detection can be disabled by setting `date_detection` to `false`:
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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PUT my_index?include_type_name=true
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{
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"mappings": {
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"_doc": {
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"date_detection": false
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}
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}
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}
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PUT my_index/_doc/1 <1>
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{
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"create": "2015/09/02"
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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<1> The `create_date` field has been added as a <<text,`text`>> field.
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===== Customising detected date formats
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Alternatively, the `dynamic_date_formats` can be customised to support your
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own <<mapping-date-format,date formats>>:
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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PUT my_index?include_type_name=true
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{
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"mappings": {
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"_doc": {
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"dynamic_date_formats": ["MM/dd/yyyy"]
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}
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}
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}
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PUT my_index/_doc/1
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{
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"create_date": "09/25/2015"
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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[[numeric-detection]]
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==== Numeric detection
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While JSON has support for native floating point and integer datatypes, some
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applications or languages may sometimes render numbers as strings. Usually the
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correct solution is to map these fields explicitly, but numeric detection
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(which is disabled by default) can be enabled to do this automatically:
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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PUT my_index?include_type_name=true
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{
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"mappings": {
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"_doc": {
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"numeric_detection": true
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}
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}
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}
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PUT my_index/_doc/1
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{
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"my_float": "1.0", <1>
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"my_integer": "1" <2>
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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<1> The `my_float` field is added as a <<number,`float`>> field.
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<2> The `my_integer` field is added as a <<number,`long`>> field.
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