426 lines
8.7 KiB
Plaintext
426 lines
8.7 KiB
Plaintext
[[indices-put-mapping]]
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=== Put mapping API
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++++
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<titleabbrev>Put mapping</titleabbrev>
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++++
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Adds new fields to an existing data stream or index. You can also use the
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put mapping API to change the search settings of existing fields.
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For data streams, these changes are applied to all backing indices by default.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"email": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[setup:my_index]
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NOTE: Before 7.0.0, the 'mappings' definition used to include a type name.
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Although specifying types in requests is now deprecated, a type can still be
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provided if the request parameter `include_type_name` is set. For more details,
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please see <<removal-of-types>>.
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[[put-mapping-api-request]]
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==== {api-request-title}
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`PUT /<target>/_mapping`
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`PUT /_mapping`
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[[put-mapping-api-path-params]]
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==== {api-path-parms-title}
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`<target>`::
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(Optional, string)
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Comma-separated list of data streams, indices, and index aliases used to limit
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the request. Wildcard expressions (`*`) are supported.
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+
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To target all data streams and indices in a cluster, omit this parameter or use
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`_all` or `*`.
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[[put-mapping-api-query-params]]
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==== {api-query-parms-title}
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=allow-no-indices]
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+
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Defaults to `false`.
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=expand-wildcards]
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+
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Defaults to `open`.
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=include-type-name]
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=index-ignore-unavailable]
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=timeoutparms]
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[[put-mapping-api-request-body]]
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==== {api-request-body-title}
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`properties`::
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+
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--
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(Required, <<mapping,mapping object>>) Mapping for a field. For new
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fields, this mapping can include:
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* Field name
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* <<field-datatypes,Field data type>>
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* <<mapping-params,Mapping parameters>>
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For existing fields, see <<updating-field-mappings>>.
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--
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[[put-mapping-api-example]]
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==== {api-examples-title}
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[[put-field-mapping-api-basic-ex]]
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===== Example with single target
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The put mapping API requires an existing data stream or index. The following
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<<indices-create-index, create index>> API request creates the `publications`
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index with no mapping.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /publications
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----
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The following put mapping API request adds `title`, a new <<text,`text`>> field,
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to the `publications` index.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /publications/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"title": { "type": "text"}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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[[put-mapping-api-multi-ex]]
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===== Multiple targets
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The PUT mapping API can be applied to multiple data streams or indices with a single request.
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For example, you can update mappings for the `my-index-000001` and `my-index-000002` indices at the same time:
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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# Create the two indices
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PUT /my-index-000001
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PUT /my-index-000002
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# Update both mappings
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PUT /my-index-000001,my-index-000002/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"user": {
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"properties": {
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"name": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[add-new-field-to-object]]
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===== Add new properties to an existing object field
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You can use the put mapping API to add new properties to an existing
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<<object,`object`>> field. To see how this works, try the following example.
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Use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API to create an index with the
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`name` object field and an inner `first` text field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"name": {
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"properties": {
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"first": {
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"type": "text"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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Use the put mapping API to add a new inner `last` text field to the `name`
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field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"name": {
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"properties": {
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"last": {
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"type": "text"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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[[add-multi-fields-existing-field-ex]]
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===== Add multi-fields to an existing field
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<<multi-fields,Multi-fields>> let you index the same field in different ways.
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You can use the put mapping API to update the `fields` mapping parameter and
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enable multi-fields for an existing field.
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To see how this works, try the following example.
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Use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API to create an index with the
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`city` <<text,text>> field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"city": {
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"type": "text"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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While text fields work well for full-text search, <<keyword,keyword>> fields are
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not analyzed and may work better for sorting or aggregations.
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Use the put mapping API to enable a multi-field for the `city` field. This
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request adds the `city.raw` keyword multi-field, which can be used for sorting.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"city": {
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"type": "text",
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"fields": {
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"raw": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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[[change-existing-mapping-parms]]
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===== Change supported mapping parameters for an existing field
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The documentation for each <<mapping-params,mapping parameter>> indicates
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whether you can update it for an existing field using the put mapping API. For
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example, you can use the put mapping API to update the
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<<ignore-above,`ignore_above`>> parameter.
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To see how this works, try the following example.
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Use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API to create an index containing
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a `user_id` keyword field. The `user_id` field has an `ignore_above` parameter
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value of `20`.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "keyword",
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"ignore_above": 20
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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Use the put mapping API to change the `ignore_above` parameter value to `100`.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "keyword",
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"ignore_above": 100
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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[[updating-field-mappings]]
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===== Change the mapping of an existing field
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// tag::change-field-mapping[]
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Except for supported <<mapping-params,mapping parameters>>,
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you can't change the mapping or field type of an existing field.
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Changing an existing field could invalidate data that's already indexed.
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If you need to change the mapping of a field in a data stream's backing indices,
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see <<data-streams-change-mappings-and-settings>>.
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If you need to change the mapping of a field in other indices,
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create a new index with the correct mapping
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and <<docs-reindex,reindex>> your data into that index.
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// end::change-field-mapping[]
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To see how you can change the mapping of an existing field in an index,
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try the following example.
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Use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API
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to create an index
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with the `user_id` field
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with the <<number,`long`>> field type.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001
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{
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"mappings" : {
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "long"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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Use the <<docs-index_,index>> API
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to index several documents
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with `user_id` field values.
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[source,console]
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----
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POST /my-index-000001/_doc?refresh=wait_for
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{
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"user_id" : 12345
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}
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POST /my-index-000001/_doc?refresh=wait_for
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{
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"user_id" : 12346
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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To change the `user_id` field
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to the <<keyword,`keyword`>> field type,
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use the create index API
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to create a new index with the correct mapping.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-new-index-000001
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{
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"mappings" : {
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Use the <<docs-reindex,reindex>> API
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to copy documents from the old index
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to the new one.
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[source,console]
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----
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POST /_reindex
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{
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"source": {
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"index": "my-index-000001"
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},
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"dest": {
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"index": "my-new-index-000001"
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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[[rename-existing-field]]
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===== Rename a field
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// tag::rename-field[]
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Renaming a field would invalidate data already indexed under the old field name.
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Instead, add an <<alias, `alias`>> field to create an alternate field name.
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// end::rename-field[]
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For example,
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use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API
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to create an index
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with the `user_identifier` field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"user_identifier": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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Use the put mapping API to add the `user_id` field alias
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for the existing `user_identifier` field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my-index-000001/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "alias",
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"path": "user_identifier"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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