OpenSearch/x-pack/docs/en/security/authentication/custom-realm.asciidoc

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[role="xpack"]
[[custom-realms]]
=== Integrating with other authentication systems
If you are using an authentication system that is not supported out-of-the-box
by {security}, you can create a custom realm to interact with it to authenticate
users. You implement a custom realm as an SPI loaded security extension
as part of an ordinary elasticsearch plugin.
[[implementing-custom-realm]]
==== Implementing a custom realm
Sample code that illustrates the structure and implementation of a custom realm
is provided in the https://github.com/elastic/shield-custom-realm-example[custom-realm-example]
repository on GitHub. You can use this code as a starting point for creating your
own realm.
To create a custom realm, you need to:
. Extend `org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.Realm` to communicate with your
authentication system to authenticate users.
. Implement the `org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.Realm.Factory` interface in
a class that will be used to create the custom realm.
. Extend `org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.DefaultAuthenticationFailureHandler` to
handle authentication failures when using your custom realm.
To package your custom realm as a plugin:
. Implement an extension class for your realm that extends
`org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.SecurityExtension`. There you need to
override one or more of the following methods:
+
[source,java]
----------------------------------------------------
@Override
public Map<String, Factory> getRealms() {
...
}
----------------------------------------------------
+
The `getRealms` method is used to provide a map of type names to the `Factory` that
will be used to create the realm.
+
[source,java]
----------------------------------------------------
@Override
public AuthenticationFailureHandler getAuthenticationFailureHandler() {
...
}
----------------------------------------------------
+
The `getAuthenticationFailureHandler` method is used to optionally provide a
custom `AuthenticationFailureHandler`, which will control how {security} responds
in certain authentication failure events.
+
[source,java]
----------------------------------------------------
@Override
public List<String> getSettingsFilter() {
...
}
----------------------------------------------------
+
The `Plugin#getSettingsFilter` method returns a list of setting names that should be
filtered from the settings APIs as they may contain sensitive credentials. Note this method is not
part of the `SecurityExtension` interface, it's available as part of the elasticsearch plugin main class.
. Create a build configuration file for the plugin; Gradle is our recommendation.
. Create a `META-INF/services/org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.SecurityExtension` descriptor file for the
extension that contains the fully qualified class name of your `org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.SecurityExtension` implementation
. Bundle all in a single zip file.
[[using-custom-realm]]
==== Using a custom realm to authenticate users
To use a custom realm:
. Install the realm extension on each node in the cluster. You run
`bin/elasticsearch-plugin` with the `install` sub-command and specify the URL
pointing to the zip file that contains the extension. For example:
+
[source,shell]
----------------------------------------
bin/elasticsearch-plugin install file:///<path>/my-realm-1.0.zip
----------------------------------------
. Add a realm configuration of the appropriate realm type to `elasticsearch.yml`
under the `xpack.security.authc.realms` namespace. The options you can set depend
on the settings exposed by the custom realm. At a minimum, you must set the realm
`type` to the type defined by the extension. If you are configuring multiple
realms, you should also explicitly set the `order` attribute to control the
order in which the realms are consulted during authentication. You should make
sure each configured realm has a distinct `order` setting. In the event that
two or more realms have the same `order`, they will be processed in realm `name` order.
+
IMPORTANT: When you configure realms in `elasticsearch.yml`, only the
realms you specify are used for authentication. If you also want to use the
`native` or `file` realms, you must include them in the realm chain.
. Restart Elasticsearch.