310 lines
9.1 KiB
Plaintext
310 lines
9.1 KiB
Plaintext
[[query-dsl-simple-query-string-query]]
|
|
=== Simple query string query
|
|
++++
|
|
<titleabbrev>Simple query string</titleabbrev>
|
|
++++
|
|
|
|
Returns documents based on a provided query string, using a parser with a
|
|
limited but fault-tolerant syntax.
|
|
|
|
This query uses a <<simple-query-string-syntax,simple syntax>> to parse and
|
|
split the provided query string into terms based on special operators. The query
|
|
then <<analysis,analyzes>> each term independently before returning matching
|
|
documents.
|
|
|
|
While its syntax is more limited than the
|
|
<<query-dsl-query-string-query,`query_string` query>>, the `simple_query_string`
|
|
query does not return errors for invalid syntax. Instead, it ignores any invalid
|
|
parts of the query string.
|
|
|
|
[[simple-query-string-query-ex-request]]
|
|
==== Example request
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
GET /_search
|
|
{
|
|
"query": {
|
|
"simple_query_string" : {
|
|
"query": "\"fried eggs\" +(eggplant | potato) -frittata",
|
|
"fields": ["title^5", "body"],
|
|
"default_operator": "and"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[simple-query-string-top-level-params]]
|
|
==== Top-level parameters for `simple_query_string`
|
|
|
|
`query`::
|
|
(Required, string) Query string you wish to parse and use for search. See <<simple-query-string-syntax>>.
|
|
|
|
`fields`::
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
(Optional, array of strings) Array of fields you wish to search.
|
|
|
|
This field accepts wildcard expressions. You also can boost relevance scores for
|
|
matches to particular fields using a caret (`^`) notation. See
|
|
<<simple-query-string-boost>> for examples.
|
|
|
|
Defaults to the `index.query.default_field` index setting, which has a default
|
|
value of `*`. The `*` value extracts all fields that are eligible to term
|
|
queries and filters the metadata fields. All extracted fields are then combined
|
|
to build a query if no `prefix` is specified.
|
|
|
|
WARNING: There is a limit on the number of fields that can be queried at once.
|
|
It is defined by the `indices.query.bool.max_clause_count`
|
|
<<search-settings,search setting>>, which defaults to `1024`.
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
`default_operator`::
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
(Optional, string) Default boolean logic used to interpret text in the query
|
|
string if no operators are specified. Valid values are:
|
|
|
|
`OR` (Default)::
|
|
For example, a query string of `capital of Hungary` is interpreted as `capital
|
|
OR of OR Hungary`.
|
|
|
|
`AND`::
|
|
For example, a query string of `capital of Hungary` is interpreted as `capital
|
|
AND of AND Hungary`.
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
`all_fields`::
|
|
deprecated:[6.0.0, set `fields` to `*` instead](Optional, boolean) If `true`,
|
|
search all searchable fields in the index's field mapping.
|
|
|
|
`analyze_wildcard`::
|
|
(Optional, boolean) If `true`, the query attempts to analyze wildcard terms in
|
|
the query string. Defaults to `false`.
|
|
|
|
`analyzer`::
|
|
(Optional, string) <<analysis,Analyzer>> used to convert text in the
|
|
query string into tokens. Defaults to the
|
|
<<specify-index-time-analyzer,index-time analyzer>> mapped for the
|
|
`default_field`. If no analyzer is mapped, the index's default analyzer is used.
|
|
|
|
`auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query`::
|
|
(Optional, boolean) If `true`, <<query-dsl-match-query-phrase,match phrase>>
|
|
queries are automatically created for multi-term synonyms. Defaults to `true`.
|
|
See <<simple-query-string-synonyms>> for an example.
|
|
|
|
`flags`::
|
|
(Optional, string) List of enabled operators for the
|
|
<<simple-query-string-syntax,simple query string syntax>>. Defaults to `ALL`
|
|
(all operators). See <<supported-flags>> for valid values.
|
|
|
|
`fuzzy_max_expansions`::
|
|
(Optional, integer) Maximum number of terms to which the query expands for fuzzy
|
|
matching. Defaults to `50`.
|
|
|
|
`fuzzy_prefix_length`::
|
|
(Optional, integer) Number of beginning characters left unchanged for fuzzy
|
|
matching. Defaults to `0`.
|
|
|
|
`fuzzy_transpositions`::
|
|
(Optional, boolean) If `true`, edits for fuzzy matching include
|
|
transpositions of two adjacent characters (ab → ba). Defaults to `true`.
|
|
|
|
`lenient`::
|
|
(Optional, boolean) If `true`, format-based errors, such as providing a text
|
|
value for a <<number,numeric>> field, are ignored. Defaults to `false`.
|
|
|
|
`minimum_should_match`::
|
|
(Optional, string) Minimum number of clauses that must match for a document to
|
|
be returned. See the <<query-dsl-minimum-should-match, `minimum_should_match`
|
|
parameter>> for valid values and more information.
|
|
|
|
`quote_field_suffix`::
|
|
+
|
|
--
|
|
(Optional, string) Suffix appended to quoted text in the query string.
|
|
|
|
You can use this suffix to use a different analysis method for exact matches.
|
|
See <<mixing-exact-search-with-stemming>>.
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
|
|
[[simple-query-string-query-notes]]
|
|
==== Notes
|
|
|
|
[[simple-query-string-syntax]]
|
|
===== Simple query string syntax
|
|
The `simple_query_string` query supports the following operators:
|
|
|
|
* `+` signifies AND operation
|
|
* `|` signifies OR operation
|
|
* `-` negates a single token
|
|
* `"` wraps a number of tokens to signify a phrase for searching
|
|
* `*` at the end of a term signifies a prefix query
|
|
* `(` and `)` signify precedence
|
|
* `~N` after a word signifies edit distance (fuzziness)
|
|
* `~N` after a phrase signifies slop amount
|
|
|
|
To use one of these characters literally, escape it with a preceding backslash
|
|
(`\`).
|
|
|
|
The behavior of these operators may differ depending on the `default_operator`
|
|
value. For example:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
GET /_search
|
|
{
|
|
"query": {
|
|
"simple_query_string": {
|
|
"fields": [ "content" ],
|
|
"query": "foo bar -baz"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
This search is intended to only return documents containing `foo` or `bar` that
|
|
also do **not** contain `baz`. However because of a `default_operator` of `OR`,
|
|
this search actually returns documents that contain `foo` or `bar` and any
|
|
documents that don't contain `baz`. To return documents as intended, change the
|
|
query string to `foo bar +-baz`.
|
|
|
|
[[supported-flags]]
|
|
===== Limit operators
|
|
You can use the `flags` parameter to limit the supported operators for the
|
|
simple query string syntax.
|
|
|
|
To explicitly enable only specific operators, use a `|` separator. For example,
|
|
a `flags` value of `OR|AND|PREFIX` disables all operators except `OR`, `AND`,
|
|
and `PREFIX`.
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
GET /_search
|
|
{
|
|
"query": {
|
|
"simple_query_string": {
|
|
"query": "foo | bar + baz*",
|
|
"flags": "OR|AND|PREFIX"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
[[supported-flags-values]]
|
|
====== Valid values
|
|
The available flags are:
|
|
|
|
`ALL` (Default)::
|
|
Enables all optional operators.
|
|
|
|
`AND`::
|
|
Enables the `+` AND operator.
|
|
|
|
`ESCAPE`::
|
|
Enables `\` as an escape character.
|
|
|
|
`FUZZY`::
|
|
Enables the `~N` operator after a word, where `N` is an integer denoting the
|
|
allowed edit distance for matching. See <<fuzziness>>.
|
|
|
|
`NEAR`::
|
|
Enables the `~N` operator, after a phrase where `N` is the maximum number of
|
|
positions allowed between matching tokens. Synonymous to `SLOP`.
|
|
|
|
`NONE`::
|
|
Disables all operators.
|
|
|
|
`NOT`::
|
|
Enables the `-` NOT operator.
|
|
|
|
`OR`::
|
|
Enables the `\|` OR operator.
|
|
|
|
`PHRASE`::
|
|
Enables the `"` quotes operator used to search for phrases.
|
|
|
|
`PRECEDENCE`::
|
|
Enables the `(` and `)` operators to control operator precedence.
|
|
|
|
`PREFIX`::
|
|
Enables the `*` prefix operator.
|
|
|
|
`SLOP`::
|
|
Enables the `~N` operator, after a phrase where `N` is maximum number of
|
|
positions allowed between matching tokens. Synonymous to `NEAR`.
|
|
|
|
`WHITESPACE`::
|
|
Enables whitespace as split characters.
|
|
|
|
[[simple-query-string-boost]]
|
|
===== Wildcards and per-field boosts in the `fields` parameter
|
|
|
|
Fields can be specified with wildcards, eg:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
GET /_search
|
|
{
|
|
"query": {
|
|
"simple_query_string" : {
|
|
"query": "Will Smith",
|
|
"fields": [ "title", "*_name" ] <1>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
<1> Query the `title`, `first_name` and `last_name` fields.
|
|
|
|
Individual fields can be boosted with the caret (`^`) notation:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
GET /_search
|
|
{
|
|
"query": {
|
|
"simple_query_string" : {
|
|
"query" : "this is a test",
|
|
"fields" : [ "subject^3", "message" ] <1>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
<1> The `subject` field is three times as important as the `message` field.
|
|
|
|
[[simple-query-string-synonyms]]
|
|
===== Synonyms
|
|
|
|
The `simple_query_string` query supports multi-terms synonym expansion with the <<analysis-synonym-graph-tokenfilter,
|
|
synonym_graph>> token filter. When this filter is used, the parser creates a phrase query for each multi-terms synonyms.
|
|
For example, the following synonym: `"ny, new york"` would produce:
|
|
|
|
`(ny OR ("new york"))`
|
|
|
|
It is also possible to match multi terms synonyms with conjunctions instead:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
GET /_search
|
|
{
|
|
"query": {
|
|
"simple_query_string" : {
|
|
"query" : "ny city",
|
|
"auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query" : false
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The example above creates a boolean query:
|
|
|
|
`(ny OR (new AND york)) city)`
|
|
|
|
that matches documents with the term `ny` or the conjunction `new AND york`.
|
|
By default the parameter `auto_generate_synonyms_phrase_query` is set to `true`.
|
|
|