290 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
290 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
[role="xpack"]
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[[certutil]]
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== certutil
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The `certutil` command simplifies the creation of certificates for use with
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Transport Layer Security (TLS) in the Elastic Stack.
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[float]
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=== Synopsis
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[source,shell]
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--------------------------------------------------
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bin/x-pack/certutil
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(
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(ca [--ca-dn <name>] [--days <n>] [--pem])
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| (cert ([--ca <file_path>] | [--ca-cert <file_path> --ca-key <file_path>])
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[--ca-dn <name>] [--ca-pass <password>] [--days <n>]
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[--dns <domain_name>] [--in <input_file>] [--ip <ip_addresses>]
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[--keep-ca-key] [--multiple] [--name <file_name>] [--pem])
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| (csr [--dns <domain_name>] [--in <input_file>] [--ip <ip_addresses>]
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[--name <file_name>])
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[-E <KeyValuePair>] [--keysize <bits>] [--out <file_path>]
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[--pass <password>]
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)
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[-h, --help] ([-s, --silent] | [-v, --verbose])
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--------------------------------------------------
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[float]
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=== Description
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You can specify one of the following modes: `ca`, `cert`, `csr`. The `certutil`
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command also supports a silent mode of operation to enable easier batch
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operations.
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[float]
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[[certutil-ca]]
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==== CA mode
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The `ca` mode generates a new certificate authority (CA). By default, it
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produces a single PKCS#12 output file, which holds the CA certificate and the
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private key for the CA. If you specify the `--pem` parameter, the command
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generates a zip file, which contains the certificate and private key in PEM
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format.
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You can subsequently use these files as input for the `cert` mode of the command.
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[float]
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[[certutil-cert]]
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==== CERT mode
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The `cert` mode generates X.509 certificates and private keys. By default, it
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produces a single certificate and key for use on a single instance.
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To generate certificates and keys for multiple instances, specify the
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`--multiple` parameter, which prompts you for details about each instance.
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Alternatively, you can use the `--in` parameter to specify a YAML file that
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contains details about the instances.
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An instance is any piece of the Elastic Stack that requires a TLS or SSL
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certificate. Depending on your configuration, {es}, Logstash, {kib}, and Beats
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might all require a certificate and private key. The minimum required
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information for an instance is its name, which is used as the common name for
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the certificate. The instance name can be a hostname value or a full
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distinguished name. If the instance name would result in an invalid file or
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directory name, you must also specify a file name in the `--name` command
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parameter or in the `filename` field in an input YAML file.
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You can optionally provide IP addresses or DNS names for each instance. If
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neither IP addresses nor DNS names are specified, the Elastic stack products
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cannot perform hostname verification and you might need to configure the
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`verfication_mode` security setting to `certificate` only. For more information
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about this setting, see <<security-settings>>.
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All certificates that are generated by this command are signed by a CA. You can
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provide your own CA with the `--ca` or `--ca-cert` parameters. Otherwise, the
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command automatically generates a new CA for you. For more information about
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generating a CA, see the <<certutil-ca,CA mode of this command>>.
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By default, the `cert` mode produces a single PKCS#12 output file which holds
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the instance certificate, the instance private key, and the CA certificate. If
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you specify the `--pem` parameter, the command generates PEM formatted
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certificates and keys and packages them into a zip file.
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If you specify the `--keep-ca-key`, `--multiple` or `--in` parameters,
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the command produces a zip file containing the generated certificates and keys.
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[float]
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[[certutil-csr]]
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==== CSR mode
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The `csr` mode generates certificate signing requests (CSRs) that you can send
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to a trusted certificate authority to obtain signed certificates. The signed
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certificates must be in PEM or PKCS#12 format to work with {security}.
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By default, the command produces a single CSR for a single instance.
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To generate CSRs for multiple instances, specify the `--multiple` parameter,
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which prompts you for details about each instance. Alternatively, you can use
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the `--in` parameter to specify a YAML file that contains details about the
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instances.
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The `cert` mode produces a single zip file which contains the CSRs and the
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private keys for each instance. Each CSR is provided as a standard PEM
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encoding of a PKCS#10 CSR. Each key is provided as a PEM encoding of an RSA
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private key.
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[float]
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=== Parameters
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`ca`:: Specifies to generate a new local certificate authority (CA). This
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parameter cannot be used with the `csr` or `cert` parameters.
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`cert`:: Specifies to generate new X.509 certificates and keys.
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This parameter cannot be used with the `csr` or `ca` parameters.
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`csr`:: Specifies to generate certificate signing requests. This parameter
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cannot be used with the `ca` or `cert` parameters.
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`--ca <file_path>`:: Specifies the path to an existing CA key pair
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(in PKCS#12 format). This parameter cannot be used with the `ca` or `csr` parameters.
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`--ca-cert <file_path>`:: Specifies the path to an existing CA certificate (in
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PEM format). You must also specify the `--ca-key` parameter. The `--ca-cert`
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parameter cannot be used with the `ca` or `csr` parameters.
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`--ca-dn <name>`:: Defines the _Distinguished Name_ (DN) that is used for the
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generated CA certificate. The default value is
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`CN=Elastic Certificate Tool Autogenerated CA`. This parameter cannot be used
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with the `csr` parameter.
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`--ca-key <file_path>`:: Specifies the path to an existing CA private key (in
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PEM format). You must also specify the `--ca-cert` parameter. The `--ca-key`
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parameter cannot be used with the `ca` or `csr` parameters.
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`--ca-pass <password>`:: Specifies the password for an existing CA private key
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or the generated CA private key. This parameter cannot be used with the `ca` or
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`csr` parameters.
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`--days <n>`:: Specifies an integer value that represents the number of days the
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generated certificates are valid. The default value is `1095`. This parameter
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cannot be used with the `csr` parameter.
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`--dns <domain_name>`:: Specifies a comma-separated list of DNS names. This
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parameter cannot be used with the `ca` parameter.
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`-E <KeyValuePair>`:: Configures a setting.
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`-h, --help`:: Returns all of the command parameters.
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`--in <input_file>`:: Specifies the file that is used to run in silent mode. The
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input file must be a YAML file. This parameter cannot be used with the `ca`
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parameter.
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`--ip <IP_addresses>`:: Specifies a comma-separated list of IP addresses. This
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parameter cannot be used with the `ca` parameter.
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`--keep-ca-key`:: When running in `cert` mode with an automatically-generated
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CA, specifies to retain the CA private key for future use.
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`--keysize <bits>`::
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Defines the number of bits that are used in generated RSA keys. The default
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value is `2048`.
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`--multiple`::
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Specifies to generate files for multiple instances. This parameter cannot be
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used with the `ca` parameter.
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`--name <file_name>`::
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Specifies the name of the generated certificate. This parameter cannot be used
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with the `ca` parameter.
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`--out <file_path>`:: Specifies a path for the output files.
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`--pass <password>`:: Specifies the password for the generated private keys.
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+
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Keys stored in PKCS#12 format are always password protected.
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+
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Keys stored in PEM format are password protected only if the
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`--pass` parameter is specified. If you do not supply an argument for the
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`--pass` parameter, you are prompted for a password.
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+
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If you want to specify a _blank_ password (without prompting), use
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`--pass ""` (with no `=`).
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`--pem`:: Generates certificates and keys in PEM format instead of PKCS#12. This
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parameter cannot be used with the `csr` parameter.
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`-s, --silent`:: Shows minimal output.
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`-v, --verbose`:: Shows verbose output.
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[float]
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=== Examples
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The following command generates a CA certificate and private key in PKCS#12
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format:
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[source, sh]
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--------------------------------------------------
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bin/x-pack/certutil ca
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--------------------------------------------------
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You are prompted for an output filename and a password. Alternatively, you can
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specify the `--out` and `--pass` parameters.
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You can then generate X.509 certificates and private keys by using the new
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CA. For example:
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[source, sh]
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--------------------------------------------------
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bin/x-pack/certutil cert --ca elastic-stack-ca.p12
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--------------------------------------------------
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You are prompted for the CA password and for an output filename and password.
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Alternatively, you can specify the `--ca-pass`, `--out`, and `--pass` parameters.
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By default, this command generates a file called `elastic-certificates.p12`,
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which you can copy to the relevant configuration directory for each Elastic
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product that you want to configure. For more information, see
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{xpack-ref}/ssl-tls.html[Setting Up TLS on a Cluster].
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[float]
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[[certutil-silent]]
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==== Using `certutil` in Silent Mode
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To use the silent mode of operation, you must create a YAML file that contains
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information about the instances. It must match the following format:
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[source, yaml]
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--------------------------------------------------
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instances:
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- name: "node1" <1>
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ip: <2>
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- "192.0.2.1"
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dns: <3>
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- "node1.mydomain.com"
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- name: "node2"
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ip:
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- "192.0.2.2"
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- "198.51.100.1"
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- name: "node3"
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- name: "node4"
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dns:
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- "node4.mydomain.com"
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- "node4.internal"
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- name: "CN=node5,OU=IT,DC=mydomain,DC=com"
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filename: "node5" <4>
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--------------------------------------------------
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<1> The name of the instance. This can be a simple string value or can be a
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Distinguished Name (DN). This is the only required field.
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<2> An optional array of strings that represent IP Addresses for this instance.
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Both IPv4 and IPv6 values are allowed. The values are added as Subject
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Alternative Names.
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<3> An optional array of strings that represent DNS names for this instance.
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The values are added as Subject Alternative Names.
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<4> The filename to use for this instance. This name is used as the name of the
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directory that contains the instance's files in the output. It is also used in
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the names of the files within the directory. This filename should not have an
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extension. Note: If the `name` provided for the instance does not represent a
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valid filename, then the `filename` field must be present.
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When your YAML file is ready, you can use the `certutil` command to generate
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certificates or certificate signing requests. Simply use the `--in` parameter to
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specify the location of the file. For example:
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[source, sh]
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--------------------------------------------------
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bin/x-pack/certutil cert --silent --in instances.yml --out test1.zip --pass testpassword
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--------------------------------------------------
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This command generates a compressed `test1.zip` file. After you decompress the
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output file, there is a directory for each instance that was listed in the
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`instances.yml` file. Each instance directory contains a single PKCS#12 (`.p12`)
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file, which contains the instance certificate, instance private key, and CA
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certificate.
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You an also use the YAML file to generate certificate signing requests. For
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example:
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[source, sh]
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--------------------------------------------------
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bin/x-pack/certutil csr --silent --in instances.yml --out test2.zip --pass testpassword
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--------------------------------------------------
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This command generates a compressed file, which contains a directory for each
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instance. Each instance directory contains a certificate signing request
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(`*.csr` file) and private key (`*.key` file).
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