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c3f4034199
With #58096, data streams now track the timestamp field mapping outside of the template associated with the stream. This means you can no longer update the timestamp field mapping using template changes. This updates the associated data stream docs.
533 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
533 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
[[data-streams-change-mappings-and-settings]]
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== Change mappings and settings of backing indices
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++++
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<titleabbrev>Change mappings and settings</titleabbrev>
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++++
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Each data stream has an <<create-a-data-stream-template,associated composable
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template>>. Mappings and index settings from this template are applied to new
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backing indices created for the stream. This includes the stream's first
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backing index, which is auto-generated when the stream is created.
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Before creating a data stream, we recommend you carefully consider which
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mappings and settings to include in this template. However, if you later need to
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change the mappings or settings of a data stream's backing indices, you have a
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couple options:
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* To apply changes to future backing indices, simply update the composable
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template associated with the data stream. Mapping and setting changes will be
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automatically applied to any backing indices created after the update.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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`logs_data_stream` is an existing composable template associated with the
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`logs` data stream.
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The following <<indices-templates,put composable template API>> makes several
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changes to the `logs_data_stream` template:
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* It changes the `@timestamp` field mapping from the `date` field datatype to
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the `date_nanos` datatype.
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* It adds new `sort.field` and `sort.order` index settings.
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////
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /_ilm/policy/logs_policy
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{
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"policy": {
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"phases": {
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"hot": {
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"actions": {
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"rollover": {
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"max_size": "25GB"
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}
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}
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},
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"delete": {
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"min_age": "30d",
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"actions": {
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"delete": {}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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PUT /_index_template/logs_data_stream
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{
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"index_patterns": [ "logs*" ],
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"data_stream": {
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"timestamp_field": "@timestamp"
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},
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"template": {
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"@timestamp": {
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"type": "date"
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}
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}
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},
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"settings": {
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"index.lifecycle.name": "logs_policy"
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}
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}
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}
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PUT /logs/_bulk?refresh
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{"create":{"_index" : "logs"}}
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{ "@timestamp": "2020-12-08T11:04:05.000Z" }
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{"create":{"_index" : "logs"}}
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{ "@timestamp": "2020-12-08T11:06:07.000Z" }
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{"create":{"_index" : "logs"}}
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{ "@timestamp": "2020-12-09T11:07:08.000Z" }
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----
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////
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /_index_template/logs_data_stream
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{
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"index_patterns": [ "logs*" ],
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"data_stream": {
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"timestamp_field": "@timestamp"
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},
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"template": {
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"@timestamp": {
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"type": "date_nanos" <1>
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}
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}
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},
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"settings": {
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"index.lifecycle.name": "logs_policy",
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"sort.field" : [ "@timestamp"], <2>
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"sort.order" : [ "desc"] <3>
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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<1> Changes the `@timestamp` field mapping to the `date_nanos` datatype.
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<2> Adds the `sort.field` index setting.
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<3> Adds the `sort.order` index setting.
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====
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+
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If wanted, you can <<manually-roll-over-a-data-stream,roll over the data
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stream>> to immediately apply the new mappings and settings to the data stream's
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write index. This affects any new data added to the stream after the rollover.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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The following <<indices-rollover-index,rollover API>> request rolls over the
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`logs` data stream. This creates a new write index with mappings and index
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settings from the recently updated `logs_data_stream` template.
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[source,console]
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----
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POST /logs/_rollover/
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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====
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+
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IMPORTANT: You cannot use these methods to change the mapping of a data stream's
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<<create-a-data-stream-template,timestamp field>>. To change the timestamp
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field's mapping, you must reindex the data stream. See
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<<data-streams-use-reindex-to-change-mappings-settings>>.
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* To apply mapping and setting changes to all existing backing indices and
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future ones, you must create a new data stream and reindex your data into it.
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See <<data-streams-use-reindex-to-change-mappings-settings>>.
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[discrete]
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[[data-streams-use-reindex-to-change-mappings-settings]]
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=== Use reindex to change mappings or settings
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To change the mappings or settings for every backing index in a data stream, you
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must first create or update a composable template so that it contains the
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changes. You can then reindex the existing data stream into a new one associated
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with the template. This applies the mapping and setting changes in the template
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to each document and backing index of the data stream destination. These changes
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also affect any future backing index created by the new stream.
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Follow these steps:
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. Choose a name or wildcard (`*`) pattern for a new data stream. This new data
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stream will contain data from your existing stream.
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+
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You can use the resolve index API to check if the name or pattern matches any
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existing indices, index aliases, or data streams. If so, you should consider
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using another name or pattern.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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The following resolve index API request checks for any existing indices, index
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aliases, or data streams that start with `new_logs`. If not, the `new_logs*`
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wildcard pattern can be used to create a new data stream.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /_resolve/index/new_logs*
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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The API returns the following response, indicating no existing targets match
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this pattern.
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[source,console-result]
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----
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{
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"indices" : [ ],
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"aliases" : [ ],
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"data_streams" : [ ]
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}
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----
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====
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. Create or update a composable template. This template should contain the
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mappings and settings you'd like to apply to the new data stream's backing
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indices.
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+
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This composable template must meet the
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<<create-a-data-stream-template,requirements for a data stream template>>. It
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should also contain your previously chosen name or wildcard pattern in the
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`index_patterns` property.
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+
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TIP: If you are only adding or changing a few things, we recommend you create a
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new template by copying an existing one and modifying it as needed.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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`logs_data_stream` is an existing composable template associated with the
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`logs` data stream.
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The following <<indices-templates,put composable template API>> request creates
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a new composable template, `new_logs_data_stream`. `new_logs_data_stream`
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uses the `logs_data_stream` template as its basis, with the following changes:
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* The `index_patterns` wildcard pattern matches any index or data stream
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starting with `new_logs`.
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* The `@timestamp` field mapping uses the `date_nanos` field datatype rather
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than the `date` datatype.
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* The template includes `sort.field` and `sort.order` index settings, which were
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not in the original `logs_data_stream` template.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /_index_template/new_logs_data_stream
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{
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"index_patterns": [ "new_logs*" ],
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"data_stream": {
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"timestamp_field": "@timestamp"
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},
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"template": {
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"@timestamp": {
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"type": "date_nanos" <1>
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}
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}
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},
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"settings": {
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"index.lifecycle.name": "logs_policy",
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"sort.field" : [ "@timestamp"], <2>
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"sort.order" : [ "desc"] <3>
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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<1> Changes the `@timestamp` field mapping to the `date_nanos` field datatype.
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<2> Adds the `sort.field` index setting.
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<3> Adds the `sort.order` index setting.
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====
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. Use the <<indices-create-data-stream,create data stream API>> to manually
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create the new data stream. The name of the data stream must match the name or
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wildcard pattern defined in the new template's `index_patterns` property.
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+
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We do not recommend <<index-documents-to-create-a-data-stream,indexing new data
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to create this data stream>>. Later, you will reindex older data from an
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existing data stream into this new stream. This could result in one or more
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backing indices that contains a mix of new and old data.
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+
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[[data-stream-mix-new-old-data]]
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.Mixing new and old data in a data stream
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[IMPORTANT]
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====
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While mixing new and old data is safe, it could interfere with data retention.
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If you delete older indices, you could accidentally delete a backing index that
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contains both new and old data. To prevent premature data loss, you would need
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to retain such a backing index until you are ready to delete its newest data.
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====
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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The following create data stream API request targets `new_logs`, which matches
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the wildcard pattern for the `new_logs_data_stream` template. Because no
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existing index or data stream uses this name, this request creates the
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`new_logs` data stream.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /_data_stream/new_logs
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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====
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. If you do not want to mix new and old data in your new data stream, pause the
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indexing of new documents. While mixing old and new data is safe, it could
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interfere with data retention. See <<data-stream-mix-new-old-data,Mixing new and
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old data in a data stream>>.
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. If you use {ilm-init} to <<getting-started-index-lifecycle-management,automate
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rollover>>, reduce the {ilm-init} poll interval. This ensures the current write
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index doesn’t grow too large while waiting for the rollover check. By default,
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{ilm-init} checks rollover conditions every 10 minutes.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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The following <<cluster-update-settings,update cluster settings API>> request
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lowers the `indices.lifecycle.poll_interval` setting to `1m` (one minute).
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /_cluster/settings
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{
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"transient": {
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"indices.lifecycle.poll_interval": "1m"
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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////
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[source,console]
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----
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DELETE /_data_stream/logs
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DELETE /_data_stream/new_logs
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DELETE /_index_template/logs_data_stream
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DELETE /_index_template/new_logs_data_stream
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DELETE /_ilm/policy/logs_policy
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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////
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====
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. Reindex your data to the new data stream using an `op_type` of `create`.
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+
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If you want to partition the data in the order in which it was originally
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indexed, you can run separate reindex requests. These reindex requests can use
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individual backing indices as the source. You can use the
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<<indices-get-data-stream,get data stream API>> to retrieve a list of backing
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indices.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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You plan to reindex data from the `logs` data stream into the newly created
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`new_logs` data stream. However, you want to submit a separate reindex request
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for each backing index in the `logs` data stream, starting with the oldest
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backing index. This preserves the order in which the data was originally
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indexed.
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The following get data stream API request retrieves information about the `logs`
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data stream, including a list of its backing indices.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /_data_stream/logs
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----
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// TEST[skip: shard failures]
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The API returns the following response. Note the `indices` property contains an
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array of the stream's current backing indices. The oldest backing index,
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`.ds-logs-000001`, is the first item in the array.
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[source,console-result]
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----
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[
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{
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"name": "logs",
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"timestamp_field": "@timestamp",
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"indices": [
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{
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"index_name": ".ds-logs-000001",
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"index_uuid": "DXAE-xcCQTKF93bMm9iawA"
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},
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{
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"index_name": ".ds-logs-000002",
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"index_uuid": "Wzxq0VhsQKyPxHhaK3WYAg"
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}
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],
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"generation": 2
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}
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]
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----
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// TESTRESPONSE[skip:unable to assert responses with top level array]
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The following <<docs-reindex,reindex API>> request copies documents from
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`.ds-logs-000001` to the `new_logs` data stream. Note the request's `op_type` is
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`create`.
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////
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /_index_template/logs_data_stream
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{
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"index_patterns": [ "logs*" ],
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"data_stream": {
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"timestamp_field": "@timestamp"
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},
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"template": {
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"@timestamp": {
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"type": "date"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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PUT /_index_template/new_logs_data_stream
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{
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"index_patterns": [ "new_logs*" ],
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"data_stream": {
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"timestamp_field": "@timestamp"
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},
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"template": {
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"@timestamp": {
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"type": "date"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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PUT /_data_stream/logs
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PUT /_data_stream/new_logs
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----
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////
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[source,console]
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----
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POST /_reindex
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{
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"source": {
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"index": ".ds-logs-000001"
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},
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"dest": {
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"index": "new_logs",
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"op_type": "create"
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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====
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+
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You can also use a query to reindex only a subset of documents with each
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request.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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The following <<docs-reindex,reindex API>> request copies documents from the
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`logs` data stream to the `new_logs` data stream. The request uses a
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<<query-dsl-range-query,`range` query>> to only reindex documents with a
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timestamp within the last week. Note the request's `op_type` is `create`.
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[source,console]
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----
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POST /_reindex
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{
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"source": {
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"index": "logs",
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"query": {
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"range": {
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"@timestamp": {
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"gte": "now-7d/d",
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"lte": "now/d"
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}
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}
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}
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},
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"dest": {
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"index": "new_logs",
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"op_type": "create"
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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====
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. If you previously changed your {ilm-init} poll interval, change it back to its
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original value when reindexing is complete. This prevents unnecessary load on
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the master node.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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The following update cluster settings API request resets the
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`indices.lifecycle.poll_interval` setting to its default value, 10 minutes.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /_cluster/settings
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{
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"transient": {
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"indices.lifecycle.poll_interval": null
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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====
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. Resume indexing using the new data stream. Searches on this stream will now
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query your new data and the reindexed data.
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. Once you have verified that all reindexed data is available in the new
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data stream, you can safely remove the old stream.
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+
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.*Example*
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[%collapsible]
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====
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The following <<indices-delete-data-stream,delete data stream API>> request
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deletes the `logs` data stream. This request also deletes the stream's backing
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indices and any data they contain.
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[source,console]
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----
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DELETE /_data_stream/logs
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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====
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////
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[source,console]
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----
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DELETE /_data_stream/new_logs
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DELETE /_index_template/logs_data_stream
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DELETE /_index_template/new_logs_data_stream
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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////
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