586 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
586 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
[[indices-put-mapping]]
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=== Put mapping API
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++++
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<titleabbrev>Put mapping</titleabbrev>
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++++
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Adds new fields to an existing index or changes the search settings of existing
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fields.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /twitter/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"email": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[setup:twitter]
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NOTE: Before 7.0.0, the 'mappings' definition used to include a type name.
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Although specifying types in requests is now deprecated, a type can still be
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provided if the request parameter `include_type_name` is set. For more details,
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please see <<removal-of-types>>.
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[[put-mapping-api-request]]
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==== {api-request-title}
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`PUT /<index>/_mapping`
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`PUT /_mapping`
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[[put-mapping-api-path-params]]
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==== {api-path-parms-title}
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=index]
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+
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To update the mapping of all indices, omit this parameter or use a value of
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`_all`.
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[[put-mapping-api-query-params]]
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==== {api-query-parms-title}
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=allow-no-indices]
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+
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Defaults to `false`.
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=expand-wildcards]
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+
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Defaults to `open`.
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=include-type-name]
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=index-ignore-unavailable]
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include::{es-repo-dir}/rest-api/common-parms.asciidoc[tag=timeoutparms]
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[[put-mapping-api-request-body]]
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==== {api-request-body-title}
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`properties`::
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+
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--
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(Required, <<mapping,mapping object>>) Mapping for a field. For new
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fields, this mapping can include:
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* Field name
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* <<field-datatypes,Field datatype>>
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* <<mapping-params,Mapping parameters>>
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For existing fields, see <<updating-field-mappings>>.
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--
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[[put-mapping-api-example]]
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==== {api-examples-title}
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[[put-field-mapping-api-basic-ex]]
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===== Example with index setup
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The put mapping API requires an existing index. The following
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<<indices-create-index, create index>> API request creates the `publications`
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index with no mapping.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /publications
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----
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The following put mapping API request adds `title`, a new <<text,`text`>> field,
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to the `publications` index.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /publications/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"title": { "type": "text"}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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[[put-mapping-api-multi-ex]]
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===== Multiple indices
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The PUT mapping API can be applied to multiple indices with a single request.
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For example, we can update the `twitter-1` and `twitter-2` mappings at the same time:
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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# Create the two indices
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PUT /twitter-1
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PUT /twitter-2
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# Update both mappings
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PUT /twitter-1,twitter-2/_mapping <1>
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{
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"properties": {
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"user_name": {
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"type": "text"
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}
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}
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:twitter]
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<1> Note that the indices specified (`twitter-1,twitter-2`) follows <<multi-index,multiple index names>> and wildcard format.
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[[add-new-field-to-object]]
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===== Add new properties to an existing object field
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You can use the put mapping API
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to add new properties
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to an existing <<object,`object`>> field.
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To see how this works,
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try the following example.
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Use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API
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to create an index
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with the `name` object field
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and an inner `first` text field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my_index
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"name": {
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"properties": {
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"first": {
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"type": "text"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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Use the put mapping API
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to add a new inner `last` text field
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to the `name` field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my_index/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"name": {
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"properties": {
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"last": {
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"type": "text"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Use the <<indices-get-mapping,get mapping>> API
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to verify your changes.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /my_index/_mapping
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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The API returns the following response:
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[source,console-result]
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----
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{
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"my_index" : {
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"mappings" : {
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"properties" : {
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"name" : {
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"properties" : {
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"first" : {
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"type" : "text"
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},
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"last" : {
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"type" : "text"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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[[add-multi-fields-existing-field-ex]]
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===== Add multi-fields to an existing field
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<<multi-fields,Multi-fields>>
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let you index the same field
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in different ways.
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You can use the put mapping API
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to update the `fields` mapping parameter
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and enable multi-fields for an existing field.
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To see how this works,
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try the following example.
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Use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API
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to create an index
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with the `city` <<text,text>> field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my_index
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"city": {
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"type": "text"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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While text fields work well for full-text search,
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<<keyword,keyword>> fields are not analyzed
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and may work better for sorting or aggregations.
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Use the put mapping API
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to enable a multi-field for the `city` field.
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This request adds the `city.raw` keyword multi-field,
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which can be used for sorting.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my_index/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"city": {
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"type": "text",
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"fields": {
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"raw": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Use the <<indices-get-mapping,get mapping>> API
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to verify your changes.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /my_index/_mapping
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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The API returns the following response:
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[source,console-result]
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----
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{
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"my_index" : {
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"mappings" : {
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"properties" : {
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"city" : {
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"type" : "text",
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"fields" : {
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"raw" : {
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"type" : "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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[[change-existing-mapping-parms]]
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===== Change supported mapping parameters for an existing field
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The documentation for each <<mapping-params,mapping parameter>>
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indicates whether you can update it
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for an existing field
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using the put mapping API.
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For example,
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you can use the put mapping API
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to update the <<ignore-above,`ignore_above`>> parameter.
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To see how this works,
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try the following example.
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Use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API to create an index
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containing a `user_id` keyword field.
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The `user_id` field
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has an `ignore_above` parameter value
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of `20`.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my_index
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "keyword",
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"ignore_above": 20
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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Use the put mapping API
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to change the `ignore_above` parameter value
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to `100`.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my_index/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "keyword",
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"ignore_above": 100
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Use the <<indices-get-mapping,get mapping>> API
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to verify your changes.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /my_index/_mapping
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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The API returns the following response:
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[source,console-result]
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----
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{
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"my_index" : {
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"mappings" : {
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"properties" : {
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"user_id" : {
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"type" : "keyword",
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"ignore_above" : 100
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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[[updating-field-mappings]]
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===== Change the mapping of an existing field
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// tag::change-field-mapping[]
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Except for supported <<mapping-params,mapping parameters>>,
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you can't change the mapping or field type of an existing field.
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Changing an existing field could invalidate data that's already indexed.
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If you need to change the mapping of a field,
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create a new index with the correct mapping
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and <<docs-reindex,reindex>> your data into that index.
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// end::change-field-mapping[]
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To see how this works,
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try the following example.
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Use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API
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to create the `users` index
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with the `user_id` field
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with the <<number,`long`>> field type.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /users
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{
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"mappings" : {
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "long"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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Use the <<docs-index_,index>> API
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to index several documents
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with `user_id` field values.
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[source,console]
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----
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POST /users/_doc?refresh=wait_for
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{
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"user_id" : 12345
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}
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POST /users/_doc?refresh=wait_for
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{
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"user_id" : 12346
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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To change the `user_id` field
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to the <<keyword,`keyword`>> field type,
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use the create index API
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to create the `new_users` index with the correct mapping.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /new_users
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{
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"mappings" : {
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Use the <<docs-reindex,reindex>> API
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to copy documents from the `users` index
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to the `new_users` index.
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[source,console]
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----
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POST /_reindex
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{
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"source": {
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"index": "users"
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},
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"dest": {
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"index": "new_users"
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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The API returns the following response:
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[source,console-result]
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----
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{
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"took": 147,
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"timed_out": false,
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"total": 2,
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"updated": 0,
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"created": 2,
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"deleted": 0,
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"batches": 1,
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"version_conflicts": 0,
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"noops": 0,
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"retries": {
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"bulk": 0,
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"search": 0
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},
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"throttled_millis": 0,
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"requests_per_second": -1.0,
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"throttled_until_millis": 0,
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"failures" : [ ]
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}
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----
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/"took": 147/"took": "$body.took"/]
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[[rename-existing-field]]
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===== Rename a field
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// tag::rename-field[]
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Renaming a field would invalidate data already indexed under the old field name.
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Instead, add an <<alias, `alias`>> field to create an alternate field name.
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// end::rename-field[]
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For example,
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use the <<indices-create-index,create index>> API
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to create an index
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with the `user_identifier` field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my_index
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{
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"user_identifier": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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Use the put mapping API to add the `user_id` field alias
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for the existing `user_identifier` field.
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[source,console]
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----
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PUT /my_index/_mapping
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{
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"properties": {
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"user_id": {
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"type": "alias",
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"path": "user_identifier"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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Use the <<indices-get-mapping,get mapping>> API
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to verify your changes.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /my_index/_mapping
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----
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// TEST[continued]
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The API returns the following response:
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[source,console-result]
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----
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{
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"my_index" : {
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"mappings" : {
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"properties" : {
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"user_id" : {
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"type" : "alias",
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"path" : "user_identifier"
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},
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"user_identifier" : {
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"type" : "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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----
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