556 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
556 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
[role="xpack"]
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[testenv="basic"]
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[[sql-rest]]
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== SQL REST API
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* <<sql-rest-overview>>
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* <<sql-rest-format>>
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* <<sql-pagination>>
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* <<sql-rest-filtering>>
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* <<sql-rest-columnar>>
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* <<sql-rest-params>>
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* <<sql-rest-fields>>
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[[sql-rest-overview]]
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=== Overview
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The SQL REST API accepts SQL in a JSON document, executes it,
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and returns the results.
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For example:
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=txt
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC LIMIT 5"
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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Which returns:
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[source,text]
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--------------------------------------------------
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author | name | page_count | release_date
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-----------------+--------------------+---------------+------------------------
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Peter F. Hamilton|Pandora's Star |768 |2004-03-02T00:00:00.000Z
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Vernor Vinge |A Fire Upon the Deep|613 |1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
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Frank Herbert |Dune |604 |1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
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Alastair Reynolds|Revelation Space |585 |2000-03-15T00:00:00.000Z
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James S.A. Corey |Leviathan Wakes |561 |2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/\|/\\|/ s/\+/\\+/]
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// TESTRESPONSE[non_json]
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[[sql-kibana-console]]
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[TIP]
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.Using Kibana Console
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====
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If you are using {kibana-ref}/console-kibana.html[Kibana Console]
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(which is highly recommended), take advantage of the
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triple quotes `"""` when creating the query. This not only automatically escapes double
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quotes (`"`) inside the query string but also support multi-line as shown below:
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image:images/sql/rest/console-triple-quotes.png[]
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====
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[[sql-rest-format]]
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=== Response Data Formats
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While the textual format is nice for humans, computers prefer something
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more structured.
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{es-sql} can return the data in the following formats which can be set
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either through the `format` property in the URL or by setting the `Accept` HTTP header:
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NOTE: The URL parameter takes precedence over the `Accept` HTTP header.
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If neither is specified then the response is returned in the same format as the request.
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[cols="^m,^4m,^8"]
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|===
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s|format
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s|`Accept` HTTP header
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s|Description
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3+h| Human Readable
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|csv
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|text/csv
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|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values[Comma-separated values]
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|json
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|application/json
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|https://www.json.org/[JSON] (JavaScript Object Notation) human-readable format
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|tsv
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|text/tab-separated-values
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|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab-separated_values[Tab-separated values]
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|txt
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|text/plain
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|CLI-like representation
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|yaml
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|application/yaml
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|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML[YAML] (YAML Ain't Markup Language) human-readable format
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3+h| Binary Formats
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|cbor
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|application/cbor
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|http://cbor.io/[Concise Binary Object Representation]
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|smile
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|application/smile
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|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smile_(data_interchange_format)[Smile] binary data format similar to CBOR
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|===
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Here are some examples for the human readable formats:
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==== CSV
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=csv
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
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"fetch_size": 5
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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Which returns:
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[source,text]
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--------------------------------------------------
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author,name,page_count,release_date
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Peter F. Hamilton,Pandora's Star,768,2004-03-02T00:00:00.000Z
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Vernor Vinge,A Fire Upon the Deep,613,1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
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Frank Herbert,Dune,604,1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
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Alastair Reynolds,Revelation Space,585,2000-03-15T00:00:00.000Z
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James S.A. Corey,Leviathan Wakes,561,2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[non_json]
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==== JSON
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=json
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
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"fetch_size": 5
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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Which returns:
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[source,console-result]
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--------------------------------------------------
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{
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"columns": [
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{"name": "author", "type": "text"},
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{"name": "name", "type": "text"},
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{"name": "page_count", "type": "short"},
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{"name": "release_date", "type": "datetime"}
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],
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"rows": [
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["Peter F. Hamilton", "Pandora's Star", 768, "2004-03-02T00:00:00.000Z"],
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["Vernor Vinge", "A Fire Upon the Deep", 613, "1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z"],
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["Frank Herbert", "Dune", 604, "1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z"],
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["Alastair Reynolds", "Revelation Space", 585, "2000-03-15T00:00:00.000Z"],
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["James S.A. Corey", "Leviathan Wakes", 561, "2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z"]
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],
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"cursor": "sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWWWdrRlVfSS1TbDYtcW9lc1FJNmlYdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl+v///w8="
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWWWdrRlVfSS1TbDYtcW9lc1FJNmlYdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl\+v\/\/\/w8=/$body.cursor/]
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==== TSV
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=tsv
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
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"fetch_size": 5
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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Which returns:
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[source,text]
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--------------------------------------------------
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author name page_count release_date
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Peter F. Hamilton Pandora's Star 768 2004-03-02T00:00:00.000Z
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Vernor Vinge A Fire Upon the Deep 613 1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
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Frank Herbert Dune 604 1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
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Alastair Reynolds Revelation Space 585 2000-03-15T00:00:00.000Z
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James S.A. Corey Leviathan Wakes 561 2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/\t/ /]
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// TESTRESPONSE[non_json]
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==== TXT
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=txt
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
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"fetch_size": 5
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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Which returns:
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[source,text]
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--------------------------------------------------
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author | name | page_count | release_date
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-----------------+--------------------+---------------+------------------------
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Peter F. Hamilton|Pandora's Star |768 |2004-03-02T00:00:00.000Z
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Vernor Vinge |A Fire Upon the Deep|613 |1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
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Frank Herbert |Dune |604 |1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
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Alastair Reynolds|Revelation Space |585 |2000-03-15T00:00:00.000Z
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James S.A. Corey |Leviathan Wakes |561 |2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/\|/\\|/ s/\+/\\+/]
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// TESTRESPONSE[non_json]
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==== YAML
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=yaml
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
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"fetch_size": 5
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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Which returns:
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[source,yaml]
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--------------------------------------------------
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columns:
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- name: "author"
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type: "text"
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- name: "name"
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type: "text"
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- name: "page_count"
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type: "short"
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- name: "release_date"
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type: "datetime"
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rows:
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- - "Peter F. Hamilton"
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- "Pandora's Star"
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- 768
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- "2004-03-02T00:00:00.000Z"
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- - "Vernor Vinge"
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- "A Fire Upon the Deep"
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- 613
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- "1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z"
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- - "Frank Herbert"
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- "Dune"
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- 604
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- "1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z"
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- - "Alastair Reynolds"
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- "Revelation Space"
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- 585
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- "2000-03-15T00:00:00.000Z"
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- - "James S.A. Corey"
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- "Leviathan Wakes"
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- 561
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- "2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z"
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cursor: "sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWWWdrRlVfSS1TbDYtcW9lc1FJNmlYdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl+v///w8="
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWWWdrRlVfSS1TbDYtcW9lc1FJNmlYdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl\+v\/\/\/w8=/$body.cursor/]
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[[sql-pagination]]
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=== Paginating through a large response
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Using the example from the <<sql-rest-format,previous section>>, one can
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continue to the next page by sending back the cursor field. In case of text
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format, the cursor is returned as `Cursor` http header.
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=json
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{
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"cursor": "sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWYUpOYklQMHhRUEtld3RsNnFtYU1hQQ==:BAFmBGRhdGUBZgVsaWtlcwFzB21lc3NhZ2UBZgR1c2Vy9f///w8="
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[continued]
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// TEST[s/sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWYUpOYklQMHhRUEtld3RsNnFtYU1hQQ==:BAFmBGRhdGUBZgVsaWtlcwFzB21lc3NhZ2UBZgR1c2Vy9f\/\/\/w8=/$body.cursor/]
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Which looks like:
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[source,console-result]
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--------------------------------------------------
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{
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"rows" : [
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["Dan Simmons", "Hyperion", 482, "1989-05-26T00:00:00.000Z"],
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["Iain M. Banks", "Consider Phlebas", 471, "1987-04-23T00:00:00.000Z"],
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["Neal Stephenson", "Snow Crash", 470, "1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z"],
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["Frank Herbert", "God Emperor of Dune", 454, "1981-05-28T00:00:00.000Z"],
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["Frank Herbert", "Children of Dune", 408, "1976-04-21T00:00:00.000Z"]
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],
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"cursor" : "sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWODRMaXBUaVlRN21iTlRyWHZWYUdrdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl9f///w8="
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWODRMaXBUaVlRN21iTlRyWHZWYUdrdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl9f\/\/\/w8=/$body.cursor/]
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Note that the `columns` object is only part of the first page.
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You've reached the last page when there is no `cursor` returned
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in the results. Like Elasticsearch's <<request-body-search-scroll,scroll>>,
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SQL may keep state in Elasticsearch to support the cursor. Unlike
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scroll, receiving the last page is enough to guarantee that the
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Elasticsearch state is cleared.
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To clear the state earlier, you can use the clear cursor command:
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql/close
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{
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"cursor": "sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWYUpOYklQMHhRUEtld3RsNnFtYU1hQQ==:BAFmBGRhdGUBZgVsaWtlcwFzB21lc3NhZ2UBZgR1c2Vy9f///w8="
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[continued]
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// TEST[s/sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWYUpOYklQMHhRUEtld3RsNnFtYU1hQQ==:BAFmBGRhdGUBZgVsaWtlcwFzB21lc3NhZ2UBZgR1c2Vy9f\/\/\/w8=/$body.cursor/]
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Which will like return the
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[source,console-result]
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--------------------------------------------------
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{
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"succeeded" : true
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-rest-filtering]]
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=== Filtering using {es} query DSL
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One can filter the results that SQL will run on using a standard
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{es} query DSL by specifying the query in the filter
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parameter.
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=txt
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
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"filter": {
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"range": {
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"page_count": {
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"gte" : 100,
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"lte" : 200
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}
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}
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},
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"fetch_size": 5
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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Which returns:
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[source,text]
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--------------------------------------------------
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author | name | page_count | release_date
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---------------+------------------------------------+---------------+------------------------
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Douglas Adams |The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|180 |1979-10-12T00:00:00.000Z
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/\|/\\|/ s/\+/\\+/]
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// TESTRESPONSE[non_json]
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[TIP]
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=================
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A useful and less obvious usage for standard query DSL filtering is to search documents by a specific <<search-routing, routing key>>.
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Because {es-sql} does not support a `routing` parameter, one can specify a <<mapping-routing-field, `terms` filter for the `_routing` field>> instead:
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=txt
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library",
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"filter": {
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"terms": {
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"_routing": ["abc"]
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}
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}
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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=================
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[[sql-rest-columnar]]
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=== Columnar results
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The most well known way of displaying the results of an SQL query result in general is the one where each
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individual record/document represents one line/row. For certain formats, {es-sql} can return the results
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in a columnar fashion: one row represents all the values of a certain column from the current page of results.
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The following formats can be returned in columnar orientation: `json`, `yaml`, `cbor` and `smile`.
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=json
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{
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"query": "SELECT * FROM library ORDER BY page_count DESC",
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"fetch_size": 5,
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"columnar": true
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[setup:library]
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Which returns:
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[source,console-result]
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--------------------------------------------------
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{
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"columns": [
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{"name": "author", "type": "text"},
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{"name": "name", "type": "text"},
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{"name": "page_count", "type": "short"},
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{"name": "release_date", "type": "datetime"}
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],
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"values": [
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["Peter F. Hamilton", "Vernor Vinge", "Frank Herbert", "Alastair Reynolds", "James S.A. Corey"],
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["Pandora's Star", "A Fire Upon the Deep", "Dune", "Revelation Space", "Leviathan Wakes"],
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[768, 613, 604, 585, 561],
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["2004-03-02T00:00:00.000Z", "1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z", "1965-06-01T00:00:00.000Z", "2000-03-15T00:00:00.000Z", "2011-06-02T00:00:00.000Z"]
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],
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"cursor": "sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWWWdrRlVfSS1TbDYtcW9lc1FJNmlYdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl+v///w8="
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TESTRESPONSE[s/sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWWWdrRlVfSS1TbDYtcW9lc1FJNmlYdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl\+v\/\/\/w8=/$body.cursor/]
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Any subsequent calls using a `cursor` still have to contain the `columnar` parameter to preserve the orientation,
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meaning the initial query will not _remember_ the columnar option.
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[source,console]
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--------------------------------------------------
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POST /_sql?format=json
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{
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"cursor": "sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWWWdrRlVfSS1TbDYtcW9lc1FJNmlYdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl+v///w8=",
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"columnar": true
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// TEST[continued]
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// TEST[s/sDXF1ZXJ5QW5kRmV0Y2gBAAAAAAAAAAEWWWdrRlVfSS1TbDYtcW9lc1FJNmlYdw==:BAFmBmF1dGhvcgFmBG5hbWUBZgpwYWdlX2NvdW50AWYMcmVsZWFzZV9kYXRl\+v\/\/\/w8=/$body.cursor/]
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|
|
Which looks like:
|
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[source,console-result]
|
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--------------------------------------------------
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{
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"values": [
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|
["Dan Simmons", "Iain M. Banks", "Neal Stephenson", "Frank Herbert", "Frank Herbert"],
|
|
["Hyperion", "Consider Phlebas", "Snow Crash", "God Emperor of Dune", "Children of Dune"],
|
|
[482, 471, 470, 454, 408],
|
|
["1989-05-26T00:00:00.000Z", "1987-04-23T00:00:00.000Z", "1992-06-01T00:00:00.000Z", "1981-05-28T00:00:00.000Z", "1976-04-21T00:00:00.000Z"]
|
|
],
|
|
"cursor": "46ToAwFzQERYRjFaWEo1UVc1a1JtVjBZMmdCQUFBQUFBQUFBQUVXWjBaNlFXbzNOV0pVY21Wa1NUZDJhV2t3V2xwblp3PT3/////DwQBZgZhdXRob3IBBHRleHQAAAFmBG5hbWUBBHRleHQAAAFmCnBhZ2VfY291bnQBBGxvbmcBAAFmDHJlbGVhc2VfZGF0ZQEIZGF0ZXRpbWUBAAEP"
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TESTRESPONSE[s/46ToAwFzQERYRjFaWEo1UVc1a1JtVjBZMmdCQUFBQUFBQUFBQUVXWjBaNlFXbzNOV0pVY21Wa1NUZDJhV2t3V2xwblp3PT3\/\/\/\/\/DwQBZgZhdXRob3IBBHRleHQAAAFmBG5hbWUBBHRleHQAAAFmCnBhZ2VfY291bnQBBGxvbmcBAAFmDHJlbGVhc2VfZGF0ZQEIZGF0ZXRpbWUBAAEP/$body.cursor/]
|
|
|
|
[[sql-rest-params]]
|
|
=== Passing parameters to a query
|
|
|
|
Using values in a query condition, for example, or in a `HAVING` statement can be done "inline",
|
|
by integrating the value in the query string itself:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
POST /_sql?format=txt
|
|
{
|
|
"query": "SELECT YEAR(release_date) AS year FROM library WHERE page_count > 300 AND author = 'Frank Herbert' GROUP BY year HAVING COUNT(*) > 0"
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TEST[setup:library]
|
|
|
|
or it can be done by extracting the values in a separate list of parameters and using question mark placeholders (`?`) in the query string:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
POST /_sql?format=txt
|
|
{
|
|
"query": "SELECT YEAR(release_date) AS year FROM library WHERE page_count > ? AND author = ? GROUP BY year HAVING COUNT(*) > ?",
|
|
"params": [300, "Frank Herbert", 0]
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TEST[setup:library]
|
|
|
|
[IMPORTANT]
|
|
The recommended way of passing values to a query is with question mark placeholders, to avoid any attempts of hacking or SQL injection.
|
|
|
|
[[sql-rest-fields]]
|
|
=== Supported REST parameters
|
|
|
|
In addition to the `query` and `fetch_size`, a request a number of user-defined fields for specifying
|
|
the request time-outs or localization information (such as timezone).
|
|
|
|
The table below lists the supported parameters:
|
|
|
|
[cols="^m,^m,^5"]
|
|
|
|
|===
|
|
|
|
s|name
|
|
s|Default value
|
|
s|Description
|
|
|
|
|query
|
|
|Mandatory
|
|
|SQL query to execute
|
|
|
|
|fetch_size
|
|
|1000
|
|
|The maximum number of rows (or entries) to return in one response
|
|
|
|
|filter
|
|
|none
|
|
|Optional {es} query DSL for additional <<sql-rest-filtering, filtering>>.
|
|
|
|
|request_timeout
|
|
|90s
|
|
|The timeout before the request fails.
|
|
|
|
|page_timeout
|
|
|45s
|
|
|The timeout before a pagination request fails.
|
|
|
|
|time_zone
|
|
|`Z` (or `UTC`)
|
|
|Time-zone in ISO 8601 used for executing the query on the server.
|
|
More information available https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/time/ZoneId.html[here].
|
|
|
|
|columnar
|
|
|false
|
|
|Return the results in a columnar fashion, rather than row-based fashion. Valid for `json`, `yaml`, `cbor` and `smile`.
|
|
|
|
|field_multi_value_leniency
|
|
|false
|
|
|Throw an exception when encountering multiple values for a field (default) or be lenient and return the first value from the list (without any guarantees of what that will be - typically the first in natural ascending order).
|
|
|
|
|index_include_frozen
|
|
|false
|
|
|Whether to include <<frozen-indices, frozen-indices>> in the query execution or not (default).
|
|
|
|
|params
|
|
|none
|
|
|Optional list of parameters to replace question mark (`?`) placeholders inside the query.
|
|
|
|
|===
|
|
|
|
Do note that most parameters (outside the timeout and `columnar` ones) make sense only during the initial query - any follow-up pagination request only requires the `cursor` parameter as explained in the <<sql-pagination, pagination>> chapter.
|
|
That's because the query has already been executed and the calls are simply about returning the found results - thus the parameters are simply ignored. |