411 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
411 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
[role="xpack"]
|
|
[testenv="basic"]
|
|
[[getting-started-index-lifecycle-management]]
|
|
== Tutorial: Automate rollover with {ilm-init}
|
|
|
|
++++
|
|
<titleabbrev>Automate rollover</titleabbrev>
|
|
++++
|
|
|
|
When you continuously index timestamped documents into {es},
|
|
you typically use a <<data-streams, data stream>> so you can periodically roll over to a
|
|
new index.
|
|
This enables you to implement a hot-warm-cold architecture to meet your performance
|
|
requirements for your newest data, control costs over time, enforce retention policies,
|
|
and still get the most out of your data.
|
|
|
|
TIP: Data streams are best suited for
|
|
<<data-streams-append-only,append-only>> use cases. If you need to frequently
|
|
update or delete existing documents across multiple indices, we recommend
|
|
using an index alias and index template instead. You can still use ILM to
|
|
manage and rollover the alias's indices. Skip to
|
|
<<manage-time-series-data-without-data-streams>>.
|
|
|
|
To automate rollover and management of a data stream with {ilm-init}, you:
|
|
|
|
. <<ilm-gs-create-policy, Create a lifecycle policy>> that defines the appropriate
|
|
phases and actions.
|
|
. <<ilm-gs-apply-policy, Create an index template>> to create the data stream and
|
|
apply the ILM policy and the indices settings and mappings configurations for the backing
|
|
indices.
|
|
. <<ilm-gs-check-progress, Verify indices are moving through the lifecycle phases>>
|
|
as expected.
|
|
|
|
For an introduction to rolling indices, see <<index-rollover>>.
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT: When you enable {ilm} for {beats} or the {ls} {es} output plugin,
|
|
lifecycle policies are set up automatically.
|
|
You do not need to take any other actions.
|
|
You can modify the default policies through
|
|
<<example-using-index-lifecycle-policy,{kib} Management>>
|
|
or the {ilm-init} APIs.
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[ilm-gs-create-policy]]
|
|
=== Create a lifecycle policy
|
|
|
|
A lifecycle policy specifies the phases in the index lifecycle
|
|
and the actions to perform in each phase. A lifecycle can have up to four phases:
|
|
`hot`, `warm`, `cold`, and `delete`.
|
|
|
|
For example, you might define a `timeseries_policy` that has two phases:
|
|
|
|
* A `hot` phase that defines a rollover action to specify that an index rolls over when it
|
|
reaches either a `max_size` of 50 gigabytes or a `max_age` of 30 days.
|
|
* A `delete` phase that sets `min_age` to remove the index 90 days after rollover.
|
|
Note that this value is relative to the rollover time, not the index creation time.
|
|
|
|
You can create the policy through {kib} or with the
|
|
<<ilm-put-lifecycle, put policy>> API.
|
|
To create the policy from {kib}, open the menu and go to *Stack Management >
|
|
Index Lifecycle Policies*. Click *Index Lifecycle Policies*.
|
|
|
|
[role="screenshot"]
|
|
image:images/ilm/create-policy.png[]
|
|
|
|
.API example
|
|
[%collapsible]
|
|
====
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
------------------------
|
|
PUT _ilm/policy/timeseries_policy
|
|
{
|
|
"policy": {
|
|
"phases": {
|
|
"hot": { <1>
|
|
"actions": {
|
|
"rollover": {
|
|
"max_size": "50GB", <2>
|
|
"max_age": "30d"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"delete": {
|
|
"min_age": "90d", <3>
|
|
"actions": {
|
|
"delete": {} <4>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
------------------------
|
|
<1> The `min_age` defaults to `0ms`, so new indices enter the `hot` phase immediately.
|
|
<2> Trigger the `rollover` action when either of the conditions are met.
|
|
<3> Move the index into the `delete` phase 90 days after rollover.
|
|
<4> Trigger the `delete` action when the index enters the delete phase.
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[ilm-gs-apply-policy]]
|
|
=== Create an index template to create the data stream and apply the lifecycle policy
|
|
|
|
To set up a data stream, first create an index template to specify the lifecycle policy. Because
|
|
the template is for a data stream, it must also include a `data_stream` definition.
|
|
|
|
For example, you might create a `timeseries_template` to use for a future data stream
|
|
named `timeseries`.
|
|
|
|
To enable the {ilm-init} to manage the data stream, the template configures one {ilm-init} setting:
|
|
|
|
* `index.lifecycle.name` specifies the name of the lifecycle policy to apply to the data stream.
|
|
|
|
You can use the {kib} Create template wizard to add the template. From Kibana,
|
|
open the menu and go to *Stack Management > Index Management*. In the *Index
|
|
Templates* tab, click *Create template*.
|
|
|
|
image::images/data-streams/create-index-template.png[Create template page]
|
|
|
|
This wizard invokes the <<indices-put-template,put index template API>> to create
|
|
the index template with the options you specify.
|
|
|
|
.API example
|
|
[%collapsible]
|
|
====
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
PUT _index_template/timeseries_template
|
|
{
|
|
"index_patterns": ["timeseries"], <1>
|
|
"data_stream": { },
|
|
"template": {
|
|
"settings": {
|
|
"number_of_shards": 1,
|
|
"number_of_replicas": 1,
|
|
"index.lifecycle.name": "timeseries_policy" <2>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
<1> Apply the template when a document is indexed into the `timeseries` target.
|
|
<2> The name of the {ilm-init} policy used to manage the data stream.
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[ilm-gs-create-the-data-stream]]
|
|
=== Create the data stream
|
|
|
|
To get things started, index a document into the name or wildcard pattern defined
|
|
in the `index_patterns` of the <<indices-templates,index template>>. As long
|
|
as an existing data stream, index, or index alias does not already use the name, the index
|
|
request automatically creates a corresponding data stream with a single backing index.
|
|
{es} automatically indexes the request's documents into this backing index, which also
|
|
acts as the stream's <<data-stream-write-index,write index>>.
|
|
|
|
For example, the following request creates the `timeseries` data stream and the first generation
|
|
backing index called `.ds-timeseries-000001`.
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
POST timeseries/_doc
|
|
{
|
|
"message": "logged the request",
|
|
"@timestamp": "1591890611"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
When a rollover condition in the lifecycle policy is met, the `rollover` action:
|
|
|
|
* Creates the second generation backing index, named `.ds-timeseries-000002`.
|
|
Because it is a backing index of the `timeseries` data stream, the configuration from the `timeseries_template` index template is applied to the new index.
|
|
* As it is the latest generation index of the `timeseries` data stream, the newly created
|
|
backing index `.ds-timeseries-000002` becomes the data stream's write index.
|
|
|
|
This process repeats each time a rollover condition is met.
|
|
You can search across all of the data stream's backing indices, managed by the `timeseries_policy`,
|
|
with the `timeseries` data stream name.
|
|
Write operations are routed to the current write index. Read operations will be handled by all
|
|
backing indices.
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[ilm-gs-check-progress]]
|
|
=== Check lifecycle progress
|
|
|
|
To get status information for managed indices, you use the {ilm-init} explain API.
|
|
This lets you find out things like:
|
|
|
|
* What phase an index is in and when it entered that phase.
|
|
* The current action and what step is being performed.
|
|
* If any errors have occurred or progress is blocked.
|
|
|
|
For example, the following request gets information about the `timeseries` data stream's
|
|
backing indices:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
GET .ds-timeseries-*/_ilm/explain
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
The following response shows the data stream's first generation backing index is waiting for the `hot`
|
|
phase's `rollover` action.
|
|
It remains in this state and {ilm-init} continues to call `check-rollover-ready` until a rollover condition
|
|
is met.
|
|
|
|
// [[36818c6d9f434d387819c30bd9addb14]]
|
|
[source,console-result]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
{
|
|
"indices": {
|
|
".ds-timeseries-000001": {
|
|
"index": ".ds-timeseries-000001",
|
|
"managed": true,
|
|
"policy": "timeseries_policy", <1>
|
|
"lifecycle_date_millis": 1538475653281,
|
|
"age": "30s", <2>
|
|
"phase": "hot",
|
|
"phase_time_millis": 1538475653317,
|
|
"action": "rollover",
|
|
"action_time_millis": 1538475653317,
|
|
"step": "check-rollover-ready", <3>
|
|
"step_time_millis": 1538475653317,
|
|
"phase_execution": {
|
|
"policy": "timeseries_policy",
|
|
"phase_definition": { <4>
|
|
"min_age": "0ms",
|
|
"actions": {
|
|
"rollover": {
|
|
"max_size": "50gb",
|
|
"max_age": "30d"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"version": 1,
|
|
"modified_date_in_millis": 1539609701576
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TESTRESPONSE[skip:no way to know if we will get this response immediately]
|
|
|
|
<1> The policy used to manage the index
|
|
<2> The age of the index
|
|
<3> The step {ilm-init} is performing on the index
|
|
<4> The definition of the current phase (the `hot` phase)
|
|
|
|
//////////////////////////
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
DELETE /_data_stream/timeseries
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
//////////////////////////
|
|
|
|
|
|
//////////////////////////
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
DELETE /_index_template/timeseries_template
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
//////////////////////////
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[manage-time-series-data-without-data-streams]]
|
|
=== Manage time series data without data streams
|
|
|
|
Even though <<data-streams, data streams>> are a convenient way to scale
|
|
and manage time series data, they are designed to be append-only. We recognise there
|
|
might be use-cases where data needs to be updated or deleted in place and the
|
|
data streams don't support delete and update requests directly,
|
|
so the index APIs would need to be used directly on the data stream's backing indices.
|
|
|
|
In these cases, you can use an index alias to manage indices containing the time series data
|
|
and periodically roll over to a new index.
|
|
|
|
To automate rollover and management of time series indices with {ilm-init} using an index
|
|
alias, you:
|
|
|
|
. Create a lifecycle policy that defines the appropriate phases and actions.
|
|
See <<ilm-gs-create-policy, Create a lifecycle policy>> above.
|
|
. <<ilm-gs-alias-apply-policy, Create an index template>> to apply the policy to each new index.
|
|
. <<ilm-gs-alias-bootstrap, Bootstrap an index>> as the initial write index.
|
|
. <<ilm-gs-alias-check-progress, Verify indices are moving through the lifecycle phases>>
|
|
as expected.
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[ilm-gs-alias-apply-policy]]
|
|
=== Create an index template to apply the lifecycle policy
|
|
|
|
To automatically apply a lifecycle policy to the new write index on rollover,
|
|
specify the policy in the index template used to create new indices.
|
|
|
|
For example, you might create a `timeseries_template` that is applied to new indices
|
|
whose names match the `timeseries-*` index pattern.
|
|
|
|
To enable automatic rollover, the template configures two {ilm-init} settings:
|
|
|
|
* `index.lifecycle.name` specifies the name of the lifecycle policy to apply to new indices
|
|
that match the index pattern.
|
|
* `index.lifecycle.rollover_alias` specifies the index alias to be rolled over
|
|
when the rollover action is triggered for an index.
|
|
|
|
You can use the {kib} Create template wizard to add the template. To access the
|
|
wizard, open the menu and go to *Stack Management > Index Management*. In the
|
|
the *Index Templates* tab, click *Create template*.
|
|
|
|
[role="screenshot"]
|
|
image:images/ilm/create-template-wizard.png[Create template page]
|
|
|
|
The create template request for the example template looks like this:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
PUT _index_template/timeseries_template
|
|
{
|
|
"index_patterns": ["timeseries-*"], <1>
|
|
"template": {
|
|
"settings": {
|
|
"number_of_shards": 1,
|
|
"number_of_replicas": 1,
|
|
"index.lifecycle.name": "timeseries_policy", <2>
|
|
"index.lifecycle.rollover_alias": "timeseries" <3>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
<1> Apply the template to a new index if its name starts with `timeseries-`.
|
|
<2> The name of the lifecycle policy to apply to each new index.
|
|
<3> The name of the alias used to reference these indices.
|
|
Required for policies that use the rollover action.
|
|
|
|
//////////////////////////
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
DELETE _index_template/timeseries_template
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
//////////////////////////
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[ilm-gs-alias-bootstrap]]
|
|
=== Bootstrap the initial time series index with a write index alias
|
|
|
|
To get things started, you need to bootstrap an initial index and
|
|
designate it as the write index for the rollover alias specified in your index template.
|
|
The name of this index must match the template's index pattern and end with a number.
|
|
On rollover, this value is incremented to generate a name for the new index.
|
|
|
|
For example, the following request creates an index called `timeseries-000001`
|
|
and makes it the write index for the `timeseries` alias.
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
PUT timeseries-000001
|
|
{
|
|
"aliases": {
|
|
"timeseries": {
|
|
"is_write_index": true
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
When the rollover conditions are met, the `rollover` action:
|
|
|
|
* Creates a new index called `timeseries-000002`.
|
|
This matches the `timeseries-*` pattern, so the settings from `timeseries_template` are applied to the new index.
|
|
* Designates the new index as the write index and makes the bootstrap index read-only.
|
|
|
|
This process repeats each time rollover conditions are met.
|
|
You can search across all of the indices managed by the `timeseries_policy` with the `timeseries` alias.
|
|
Write operations are routed to the current write index.
|
|
|
|
[discrete]
|
|
[[ilm-gs-alias-check-progress]]
|
|
=== Check lifecycle progress
|
|
|
|
Retrieving the status information for managed indices is very similar to the data stream case.
|
|
See the data stream <<ilm-gs-check-progress, check progress section>> for more information.
|
|
The only difference is the indices namespace, so retrieving the progress will entail the following
|
|
api call:
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
GET timeseries-*/_ilm/explain
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
|
|
//////////////////////////
|
|
|
|
[source,console]
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
DELETE /timeseries-000001
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
// TEST[continued]
|
|
//////////////////////////
|