206 lines
6.1 KiB
Plaintext
206 lines
6.1 KiB
Plaintext
[[index_]]
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== Index API
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The index API allows one to index a typed JSON document into a specific
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index and make it searchable.
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[[generate]]
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=== Generate JSON document
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There are several different ways of generating a JSON document:
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* Manually (aka do it yourself) using native `byte[]` or as a `String`
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* Using a `Map` that will be automatically converted to its JSON
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equivalent
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* Using a third party library to serialize your beans such as
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http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonHome[Jackson]
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* Using built-in helpers XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
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Internally, each type is converted to `byte[]` (so a String is converted
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to a `byte[]`). Therefore, if the object is in this form already, then
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use it. The `jsonBuilder` is highly optimized JSON generator that
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directly constructs a `byte[]`.
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==== Do It Yourself
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Nothing really difficult here but note that you will have to encode
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dates according to the
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{ref}/mapping-date-format.html[Date Format].
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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String json = "{" +
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"\"user\":\"kimchy\"," +
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"\"postDate\":\"2013-01-30\"," +
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"\"message\":\"trying out Elasticsearch\"" +
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"}";
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[using-map]]
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==== Using Map
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Map is a key:values pair collection. It represents very well a JSON
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structure:
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<String, Object>();
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json.put("user","kimchy");
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json.put("postDate",new Date());
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json.put("message","trying out Elasticsearch");
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[beans]]
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==== Serialize your beans
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Elasticsearch already uses Jackson but shades it under
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`org.elasticsearch.common.jackson` package. +
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So, you can add your own Jackson version in your `pom.xml` file or in
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your classpath. See http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonDownload[Jackson
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Download Page].
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For example:
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[source,xml]
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--------------------------------------------------
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
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<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
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<version>2.1.3</version>
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</dependency>
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--------------------------------------------------
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Then, you can start serializing your beans to JSON:
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
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// instance a json mapper
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ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); // create once, reuse
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// generate json
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String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(yourbeaninstance);
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[helpers]]
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==== Use Elasticsearch helpers
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Elasticsearch provides built-in helpers to generate JSON content.
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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import static org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory.*;
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XContentBuilder builder = jsonBuilder()
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.startObject()
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.field("user", "kimchy")
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.field("postDate", new Date())
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.field("message", "trying out Elasticsearch")
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.endObject()
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--------------------------------------------------
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Note that you can also add arrays with `startArray(String)` and
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`endArray()` methods. By the way, the `field` method +
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accepts many object types. You can directly pass numbers, dates and even
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other XContentBuilder objects.
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If you need to see the generated JSON content, you can use the
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`string()` method.
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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String json = builder.string();
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[index-doc]]
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=== Index document
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The following example indexes a JSON document into an index called
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twitter, under a type called tweet, with id valued 1:
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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import static org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory.*;
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IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet", "1")
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.setSource(jsonBuilder()
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.startObject()
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.field("user", "kimchy")
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.field("postDate", new Date())
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.field("message", "trying out Elasticsearch")
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.endObject()
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)
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.execute()
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.actionGet();
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--------------------------------------------------
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Note that you can also index your documents as JSON String and that you
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don't have to give an ID:
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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String json = "{" +
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"\"user\":\"kimchy\"," +
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"\"postDate\":\"2013-01-30\"," +
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"\"message\":\"trying out Elasticsearch\"" +
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"}";
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IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet")
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.setSource(json)
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.execute()
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.actionGet();
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--------------------------------------------------
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`IndexResponse` object will give you a report:
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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// Index name
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String _index = response.getIndex();
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// Type name
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String _type = response.getType();
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// Document ID (generated or not)
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String _id = response.getId();
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// Version (if it's the first time you index this document, you will get: 1)
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long _version = response.getVersion();
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--------------------------------------------------
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If you use percolation while indexing, `IndexResponse` object will give
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you a percolator that have matched:
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[source,java]
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--------------------------------------------------
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IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("twitter", "tweet", "1")
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.setSource(json)
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.execute()
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.actionGet();
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List<String> matches = response.matches();
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--------------------------------------------------
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For more information on the index operation, check out the REST
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{ref}/docs-index_.html[index] docs.
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=== Operation Threading
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The index API allows one to set the threading model the operation will be
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performed when the actual execution of the API is performed on the same
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node (the API is executed on a shard that is allocated on the same
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server).
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The options are to execute the operation on a different thread, or to
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execute it on the calling thread (note that the API is still asynchronous). By
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default, `operationThreaded` is set to `true` which means the operation
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is executed on a different thread.
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