235 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
235 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
[[schedule-cron]]
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==== `cron` Schedule
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A <<trigger-schedule, `schedule`>> trigger that enables you to use a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron[cron] style expression to specify when you
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want the scheduler to start the watch execution. {watcher} uses the cron parser
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from the http://www.quartz-scheduler.org[Quartz Job Scheduler]. For more
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information about writing Quartz cron expressions, see the
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http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/documentation/quartz-2.2.x/tutorials/tutorial-lesson-06.html[Quartz CronTrigger Tutorial].
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WARNING: While `cron` triggers are super powerful, we recommend using one of
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the other schedule types if you can, as they are much more
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straightforward to configure. If you use `cron`, construct your `cron`
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expressions with care to be sure you are actually setting the schedule
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you want. You can use the <<croneval, `elasticsearch-croneval`>> tool to validate
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your cron expressions and see what the resulting trigger times will be.
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===== Cron Expressions
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A cron expression is a string of the following form:
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[source,txt]
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------------------------------
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<seconds> <minutes> <hours> <day_of_month> <month> <day_of_week> [year]
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------------------------------
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All elements are required except for `year`. <<schedule-cron-elements>> shows
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the valid values for each element in a cron expression.
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[[schedule-cron-elements]]
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.Cron Expression Elements
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[cols=",^,,", options="header"]
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|======
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| Name | Required | Valid Values | Valid Special Characters
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| `seconds` | yes | `0`-`59` | `,` `-` `*` `/`
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| `minutes` | yes | `0`-`59` | `,` `-` `*` `/`
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| `hours` | yes | `0`-`23` | `,` `-` `*` `/`
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| `day_of_month` | yes | `1`-`31` | `,` `-` `*` `/` `?` `L` `W`
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| `month` | yes | `1`-`12` or `JAN`-`DEC` | `,` `-` `*` `/`
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| `day_of_week` | yes | `1`-`7` or `SUN`-`SAT` | `,` `-` `*` `/` `?` `L` `#`
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| `year` | no | empty or `1970`-`2099 | `,` `-` `*` `/`
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|======
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The special characters you can use in a cron expression are described in
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<<schedule-cron-special-characters>>. The names of months and days of the week
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are not case sensitive. For example, `MON` and `mon` are equivalent.
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NOTE: Currently, you must specify `?` for either the `day_of_week` or
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`day_of_month`. Explicitly specifying both values is not supported.
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[[schedule-cron-special-characters]]
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.Cron Special Characters
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[options="header"]
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|======
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| Special Character | Description
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| * | All values. Selects every possible value for a field. For
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example, `*` in the `hours` field means "every hour".
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| ? | No specific value. Use when you don't care what the value
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is. For example, if you want the schedule to trigger on a
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particular day of the month, but don't care what day of
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the week that happens to be, you can specify `?` in the
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`day_of_week` field.
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| - | A range of values (inclusive). Use to separate a minimum
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and maximum value. For example, if you want the schedule
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to trigger every hour between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM, you
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could specify `9-17` in the `hours` field.
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| , | Multiple values. Use to separate multiple values for a
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field. For example, if you want the schedule to trigger
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every Tuesday and Thursday, you could specify `TUE,THU`
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in the `day_of_week` field.
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| / | Increment. Use to separate values when specifying a time
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increment. The first value represents the starting point,
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and the second value represents the interval. For example,
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if you want the schedule to trigger every 20 minutes
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starting at the top of the hour, you could specify `0/20`
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in the `minutes` field. Similarly, specifying `1/5` in
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`day_of_month` field will trigger every 5 days starting on
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the first day of the month.
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| L | Last. Use in the `day_of_month` field to mean the last day
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of the month--day 31 for January, day 28 for February in
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non-leap years, day 30 for April, and so on. Use alone in
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the `day_of_week` field in place of `7` or `SAT`, or after
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a particular day of the week to select the last day of that
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type in the month. For example `6L` means the last Friday
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of the month. You can specify `LW` in the `day_of_month`
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field to specify the last weekday of the month. Avoid using
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the `L` option when specifying lists or ranges of values,
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as the results likely won't be what you expect.
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| W | Weekday. Use to specify the weekday (Monday-Friday) nearest
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the given day. As an example, if you specify `15W` in the
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`day_of_month` field and the 15th is a Saturday, the
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schedule will trigger on the 14th. If the 15th is a Sunday,
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the schedule will trigger on Monday the 16th. If the 15th
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is a Tuesday, the schedule will trigger on Tuesday the 15th.
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However if you specify `1W` as the value for `day_of_month`,
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and the 1st is a Saturday, the schedule will trigger on
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Monday the 3rd--it won't jump over the month boundary. You
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can specify `LW` in the `day_of_month` field to specify the
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last weekday of the month. You can only use the `W` option
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when the `day_of_month` is a single day--it is not valid
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when specifying a range or list of days.
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| # | Nth XXX day in a month. Use in the `day_of_week` field to
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specify the nth XXX day of the month. For example, if you
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specify `6#1`, the schedule will trigger on the first
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Friday of the month. Note that if you specify `3#5` and
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there are not 5 Tuesdays in a particular month, the
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schedule won't trigger that month.
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|======
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.Setting Daily Triggers
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[options="header"]
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|======
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| Cron Expression | Description
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| `0 5 9 * * ?` | Trigger at 9:05 AM every day.
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| `0 5 9 * * ? 2015` | Trigger at 9:05 AM every day during the year 2015.
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|======
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.Restricting Triggers to a Range of Days or Times
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[options="header"]
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|======
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| Cron Expression | Description
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| `0 5 9 ? * MON-FRI` | Trigger at 9:05 AM Monday through Friday.
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| `0 0-5 9 * * ?` | Trigger every minute starting at 9:00 AM and ending
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at 9:05 AM every day.
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|======
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.Setting Interval Triggers
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[options="header"]
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|======
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| Cron Expression | Description
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| `0 0/15 9 * * ?` | Trigger every 15 minutes starting at 9:00 AM and ending
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at 9:45 AM every day.
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| `0 5 9 1/3 * ?` | Trigger at 9:05 AM every 3 days every month, starting
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on the first day of the month.
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|======
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.Setting Schedules that Trigger on a Particular Day
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[options="header"]
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|======
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| Cron Expression | Description
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| `0 1 4 1 4 ?` | Trigger every April 1st at 4:01 AM.
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| `0 0,30 9 ? 4 WED` | Trigger at 9:00 AM and at 9:30 AM every Wednesday in
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the month of April.
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| `0 5 9 15 * ?` | Trigger at 9:05 AM on the 15th day of every month.
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| `0 5 9 15W * ?` | Trigger at 9:05 AM on the nearest weekday to the 15th
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of every month.
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| `0 5 9 ? * 6#1` | Trigger at 9:05 AM on the first Friday of every month.
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|======
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.Setting Triggers Using Last
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[options="header"]
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|======
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| Cron Expression | Description
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| `0 5 9 L * ?` | Trigger at 9:05 AM on the last day of every month.
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| `0 5 9 ? * 2L` | Trigger at 9:05 AM on the last Monday of every month
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| `0 5 9 LW * ?` | Trigger at 9:05 AM on the last weekday of every month.
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|======
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===== Configuring a Cron Schedule
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To configure a `cron` schedule, you simply specify the cron expression as a
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string value. For example, the following snippet configures a `cron` schedule
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that triggers every day at noon:
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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{
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...
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"trigger" : {
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"schedule" : {
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"cron" : "0 0 12 * * ?"
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}
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}
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...
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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===== Configuring a Multiple Times Cron Schedule
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To configure a `cron` schedule that triggers multiple times, you can
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specify an array of cron expressions. For example, the following `cron`
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schedule triggers every even minute during weekdays and every uneven
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minute during the weekend:
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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{
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...
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"trigger" : {
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"schedule" : {
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"cron" : [
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"0 0/2 * ? * MON-FRI"",
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"0 1-59/2 * ? * SAT-SUN"
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]
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}
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}
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...
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[croneval]]
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===== Verifying Cron Expressions
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{xpack} ships with a `elasticsearch-croneval` command line tool that you can use to verify that
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your cron expressions are valid and produce the expected results. This tool is
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provided in the `$ES_HOME/bin/x-pack` directory.
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To verify a cron expression, simply pass it in as a parameter to `elasticsearch-croneval`:
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[source,bash]
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--------------------------------------------------
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bin/elasticsearch-croneval "0 0/1 * * * ?"
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--------------------------------------------------
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If the cron expression is valid, `elasticsearch-croneval` displays the next 10 times that the
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schedule will be triggered.
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You can specify the `-c` option to control how many future trigger times are
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displayed. For example, the following command displays the next 20 trigger times:
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[source,bash]
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--------------------------------------------------
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bin/elasticsearch-croneval "0 0/1 * * * ?" -c 20
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--------------------------------------------------
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