Implement TIME_PARSE(<time_str>, <pattern_str>) function
which allows to parse a time string according to the specified
pattern into a time object. The patterns allowed are those of
java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter.
Closes#54963
Co-authored-by: Andrei Stefan <astefan@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Patrick Jiang(白泽) <patrickjiang0530@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 1fe1188d449cad7d0782a202372edc52a4014135)