121 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
121 lines
5.0 KiB
Plaintext
[[indices-shadow-replicas]]
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== Shadow replica indices
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experimental[]
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If you would like to use a shared filesystem, you can use the shadow replicas
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settings to choose where on disk the data for an index should be kept, as well
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as how Elasticsearch should replay operations on all the replica shards of an
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index.
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In order to fully utilize the `index.data_path` and `index.shadow_replicas`
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settings, you need to allow Elasticsearch to use the same data directory for
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multiple instances by setting `node.add_id_to_custom_path` to false in
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elasticsearch.yml:
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[source,yaml]
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--------------------------------------------------
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node.add_id_to_custom_path: false
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--------------------------------------------------
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You will also need to indicate to the security manager where the custom indices
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will be, so that the correct permissions can be applied. You can do this by
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setting the `path.shared_data` setting in elasticsearch.yml:
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[source,yaml]
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--------------------------------------------------
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path.shared_data: /opt/data
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--------------------------------------------------
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This means that Elasticsearch can read and write to files in any subdirectory of
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the `path.shared_data` setting.
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You can then create an index with a custom data path, where each node will use
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this path for the data:
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[WARNING]
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========================
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Because shadow replicas do not index the document on replica shards, it's
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possible for the replica's known mapping to be behind the index's known mapping
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if the latest cluster state has not yet been processed on the node containing
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the replica. Because of this, it is highly recommended to use pre-defined
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mappings when using shadow replicas.
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========================
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/my_index' -d '
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{
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"index" : {
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"number_of_shards" : 1,
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"number_of_replicas" : 4,
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"data_path": "/opt/data/my_index",
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"shadow_replicas": true
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}
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}'
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--------------------------------------------------
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[WARNING]
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========================
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In the above example, the "/opt/data/my_index" path is a shared filesystem that
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must be available on every node in the Elasticsearch cluster. You must also
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ensure that the Elasticsearch process has the correct permissions to read from
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and write to the directory used in the `index.data_path` setting.
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========================
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An index that has been created with the `index.shadow_replicas` setting set to
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"true" will not replicate document operations to any of the replica shards,
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instead, it will only continually refresh. Once segments are available on the
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filesystem where the shadow replica resides (after an Elasticsearch "flush"), a
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regular refresh (governed by the `index.refresh_interval`) can be used to make
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the new data searchable.
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NOTE: Since documents are only indexed on the primary shard, realtime GET
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requests could fail to return a document if executed on the replica shard,
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therefore, GET API requests automatically have the `?preference=_primary` flag
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set if there is no preference flag already set.
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In order to ensure the data is being synchronized in a fast enough manner, you
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may need to tune the flush threshold for the index to a desired number. A flush
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is needed to fsync segment files to disk, so they will be visible to all other
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replica nodes. Users should test what flush threshold levels they are
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comfortable with, as increased flushing can impact indexing performance.
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The Elasticsearch cluster will still detect the loss of a primary shard, and
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transform the replica into a primary in this situation. This transformation will
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take slightly longer, since no `IndexWriter` is maintained for each shadow
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replica.
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Below is the list of settings that can be changed using the update
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settings API:
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`index.data_path` (string)::
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Path to use for the index's data. Note that by default Elasticsearch will
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append the node ordinal by default to the path to ensure multiple instances
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of Elasticsearch on the same machine do not share a data directory.
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`index.shadow_replicas`::
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Boolean value indicating this index should use shadow replicas. Defaults to
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`false`.
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`index.shared_filesystem`::
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Boolean value indicating this index uses a shared filesystem. Defaults to
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the `true` if `index.shadow_replicas` is set to true, `false` otherwise.
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`index.shared_filesystem.recover_on_any_node`::
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Boolean value indicating whether the primary shards for the index should be
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allowed to recover on any node in the cluster, regardless of the number of
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replicas or whether the node has previously had the shard allocated to it
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before. Defaults to `false`.
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=== Node level settings related to shadow replicas
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These are non-dynamic settings that need to be configured in `elasticsearch.yml`
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`node.add_id_to_custom_path`::
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Boolean setting indicating whether Elasticsearch should append the node's
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ordinal to the custom data path. For example, if this is enabled and a path
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of "/tmp/foo" is used, the first locally-running node will use "/tmp/foo/0",
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the second will use "/tmp/foo/1", the third "/tmp/foo/2", etc. Defaults to
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`true`.
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