128 lines
6.3 KiB
Plaintext
128 lines
6.3 KiB
Plaintext
[[snapshots-take-snapshot]]
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== Create a snapshot
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A repository can contain multiple snapshots of the same cluster. Snapshots are identified by unique names within the
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cluster.
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Use the <<put-snapshot-repo-api,put snapshot repository API>> to register or update a snapshot repository, and then use the <<create-snapshot-api,create snapshot API>> to create a snapshot in a repository.
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The following request creates a snapshot with the name `snapshot_1` in the repository `my_backup`:
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////
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[source,console]
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-----------------------------------
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PUT /_snapshot/my_backup
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{
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"type": "fs",
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"settings": {
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"location": "my_backup_location"
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}
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}
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-----------------------------------
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// TESTSETUP
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////
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[source,console]
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-----------------------------------
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PUT /_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1?wait_for_completion=true
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-----------------------------------
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The `wait_for_completion` parameter specifies whether or not the request should return immediately after snapshot
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initialization (default) or wait for snapshot completion. During snapshot initialization, information about all
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previous snapshots is loaded into memory, which means that in large repositories it may take several seconds (or
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even minutes) for this request to return even if the `wait_for_completion` parameter is set to `false`.
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By default, a snapshot backs up all data streams and open indices in the cluster. You can change this behavior by
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specifying the list of data streams and indices in the body of the snapshot request:
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[source,console]
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-----------------------------------
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PUT /_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_2?wait_for_completion=true
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{
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"indices": "data_stream_1,index_1,index_2",
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"ignore_unavailable": true,
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"include_global_state": false,
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"metadata": {
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"taken_by": "kimchy",
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"taken_because": "backup before upgrading"
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}
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}
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-----------------------------------
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// TEST[skip:cannot complete subsequent snapshot]
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Use the `indices` parameter to list the data streams and indices that should be included in the snapshot. This parameter supports
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<<multi-index,multi-target syntax>>, although the options that control the behavior of multi-index syntax
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must be supplied in the body of the request, rather than as request parameters.
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Data stream backups include the stream's backing indices and metadata, such as
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the current <<data-streams-generation,generation>> and timestamp field.
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You can also choose to include only specific backing indices in a snapshot.
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However, these backups do not include the associated data stream's
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metadata or its other backing indices.
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[discrete]
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[[create-snapshot-process-details]]
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=== Snapshot process details
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The snapshot process is incremental. In the process of making the snapshot, {es} analyses
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the list of the data stream and index files that are already stored in the repository and copies only files that were created or
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changed since the last snapshot. This process allows multiple snapshots to be preserved in the repository in a compact form.
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The snapshot process is executed in non-blocking fashion. All indexing and searching operations can continue to run against the data stream or index
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that is being snapshotted. However, a snapshot represents a point-in-time view
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at the moment when snapshot was created, so no records that were added to the data stream or index after the snapshot process was started
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will be included in the snapshot.
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The snapshot process starts immediately for the primary shards that have been started and are not relocating at the moment. {es} waits for
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relocation or initialization of shards to complete before snapshotting them.
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Besides creating a copy of each data stream and index, the snapshot process can also store global cluster metadata, which includes persistent
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cluster settings and templates. The transient settings and registered snapshot repositories are not stored as part of
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the snapshot.
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Only one snapshot process can be started in the cluster at any time. While a
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snapshot of a particular shard is being
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created, this shard cannot be moved to another node, which can interfere with rebalancing and allocation
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filtering. {es} can only move a shard to another node (according to the current allocation
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filtering settings and rebalancing algorithm) after the snapshot process
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is finished.
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After a snapshot is created, use the <<get-snapshot-api,Get snapshot API>> to retrieve information about a snapshot. See <<snapshots-monitor-snapshot-restore,Monitor snapshot and restore progress>> to learn more about retrieving snapshot status.
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[discrete]
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[[create-snapshot-options]]
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=== Options for creating a snapshot
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The create snapshot request supports the
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`ignore_unavailable` option. Setting it to `true` will cause data streams and indices that do not exist to be ignored during snapshot
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creation. By default, when the `ignore_unavailable` option is not set and a data stream or index is missing, the snapshot request will fail.
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By setting `include_global_state` to `false` it's possible to prevent the cluster global state to be stored as part of
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the snapshot.
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IMPORTANT: The global cluster state includes the cluster's index
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templates, such as those <<create-a-data-stream-template,matching a data
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stream>>. If your snapshot includes data streams, we recommend storing the
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cluster state as part of the snapshot. This lets you later restored any
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templates required for a data stream.
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By default, the entire snapshot will fail if one or more indices participating in the snapshot do not have
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all primary shards available. You can change this behaviour by setting `partial` to `true`. The `expand_wildcards`
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option can be used to control whether hidden and closed indices will be included in the snapshot, and defaults to `all`.
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Use the `metadata` field to attach arbitrary metadata to the snapsho,
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such as who took the snapshot,
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why it was taken, or any other data that might be useful.
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Snapshot names can be automatically derived using <<date-math-index-names,date math expressions>>, similarly as when creating
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new indices. Special characters must be URI encoded.
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For example, use the <<create-snapshot-api,create snapshot API>> to create
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a snapshot with the current day in the name, such as `snapshot-2020.07.11`:
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[source,console]
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-----------------------------------
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PUT /_snapshot/my_backup/<snapshot-{now/d}>
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PUT /_snapshot/my_backup/%3Csnapshot-%7Bnow%2Fd%7D%3E
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-----------------------------------
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// TEST[continued]
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