261 lines
7.8 KiB
Plaintext
261 lines
7.8 KiB
Plaintext
[[modules-scripting-using]]
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=== How to use scripts
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Wherever scripting is supported in the Elasticsearch API, the syntax follows
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the same pattern:
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[source,js]
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-------------------------------------
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"script": {
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"lang": "...", <1>
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"inline" | "stored" | "file": "...", <2>
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"params": { ... } <3>
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}
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-------------------------------------
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<1> The language the script is written in, which defaults to `painless`.
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<2> The script itself which may be specified as `inline`, `stored`, or `file`.
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<3> Any named parameters that should be passed into the script.
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For example, the following script is used in a search request to return a
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<<search-request-script-fields, scripted field>>:
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[source,js]
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-------------------------------------
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PUT my_index/my_type/1
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{
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"my_field": 5
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}
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GET my_index/_search
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{
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"script_fields": {
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"my_doubled_field": {
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"script": {
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"lang": "expression",
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"inline": "doc['my_field'] * multiplier",
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"params": {
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"multiplier": 2
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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-------------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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[float]
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=== Script Parameters
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`lang`::
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Specifies the language the script is written in. Defaults to `groovy` but
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may be set to any of languages listed in <<modules-scripting>>. The
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default language may be changed in the `elasticsearch.yml` config file by
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setting `script.default_lang` to the appropriate language.
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`inline`, `id`, `file`::
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Specifies the source of the script. An `inline` script is specified
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`inline` as in the example above, a stored script with the specified `id`
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is retrieved from the cluster state (see <<modules-scripting-stored-scripts,Stored Scripts>>),
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and a `file` script is retrieved from a file in the `config/scripts`
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directory (see <<modules-scripting-file-scripts, File Scripts>>).
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+
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While languages like `expression` and `painless` can be used out of the box as
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inline or stored scripts, other languages like `groovy` can only be
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specified as `file` unless you first adjust the default
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<<modules-scripting-security,scripting security settings>>.
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`params`::
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Specifies any named parameters that are passed into the script as
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variables.
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[IMPORTANT]
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[[prefer-params]]
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.Prefer parameters
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========================================
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The first time Elasticsearch sees a new script, it compiles it and stores the
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compiled version in a cache. Compilation can be a heavy process.
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If you need to pass variables into the script, you should pass them in as
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named `params` instead of hard-coding values into the script itself. For
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example, if you want to be able to multiply a field value by different
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multipliers, don't hard-code the multiplier into the script:
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[source,js]
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----------------------
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"inline": "doc['my_field'] * 2"
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----------------------
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Instead, pass it in as a named parameter:
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[source,js]
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----------------------
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"inline": "doc['my_field'] * multiplier",
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"params": {
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"multiplier": 2
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}
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----------------------
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The first version has to be recompiled every time the multiplier changes. The
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second version is only compiled once.
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If you compile too many unique scripts within a small amount of time,
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Elasticsearch will reject the new dynamic scripts with a
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`circuit_breaking_exception` error. By default, up to 15 inline scripts per
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minute will be compiled. You can change this setting dynamically by setting
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`script.max_compilations_per_minute`.
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========================================
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[float]
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[[modules-scripting-file-scripts]]
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=== File-based Scripts
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To increase security, non-sandboxed languages can only be specified in script
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files stored on every node in the cluster. File scripts must be saved in the
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`scripts` directory whose default location depends on whether you use the
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<<zip-targz-layout,`zip`/`tar.gz`>> (`$ES_HOME/config/scripts/`),
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<<rpm-layout,RPM>>, or <<deb-layout,Debian>> package. The default may be
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changed with the `path.scripts` setting.
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The languages which are assumed to be safe by default are: `painless`,
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`expression`, and `mustache` (used for search and query templates).
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Any files placed in the `scripts` directory will be compiled automatically
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when the node starts up and then <<reload-scripts,every 60 seconds thereafter>>.
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The file should be named as follows: `{script-name}.{lang}`. For instance,
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the following example creates a Groovy script called `calculate-score`:
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[source,sh]
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--------------------------------------------------
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cat "log(_score * 2) + my_modifier" > config/scripts/calculate-score.groovy
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--------------------------------------------------
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This script can be used as follows:
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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GET my_index/_search
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{
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"query": {
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"script": {
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"script": {
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"lang": "groovy", <1>
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"file": "calculate-score", <2>
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"params": {
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"my_modifier": 2
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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<1> The language of the script, which should correspond with the script file suffix.
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<2> The name of the script, which should be the name of the file.
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The `script` directory may contain sub-directories, in which case the
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hierarchy of directories is flattened and concatenated with underscores. A
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script in `group1/group2/my_script.groovy` should use `group1_group2_myscript`
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as the `file` name.
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[[reload-scripts]]
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[float]
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==== Automatic script reloading
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The `scripts` directory will be rescanned every `60s` (configurable with the
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`resource.reload.interval` setting) and new, changed, or removed scripts will
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be compiled, updated, or deleted from the script cache.
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Script reloading can be completely disabled by setting
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`script.auto_reload_enabled` to `false`.
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[float]
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[[modules-scripting-stored-scripts]]
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=== Stored Scripts
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Scripts may be stored in and retrieved from the cluster state using the
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`_scripts` end-point:
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[source,js]
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-----------------------------------
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/_scripts/{lang}/{id} <1> <2>
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-----------------------------------
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<1> The `lang` represents the script language.
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<2> The `id` is a unique identifier or script name.
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This example stores a Groovy script called `calculate-score` in the cluster
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state:
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[source,js]
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-----------------------------------
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POST _scripts/groovy/calculate-score
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{
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"script": "log(_score * 2) + my_modifier"
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}
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-----------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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This same script can be retrieved with:
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[source,js]
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-----------------------------------
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GET _scripts/groovy/calculate-score
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-----------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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// TEST[continued]
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Stored scripts can be used by specifying the `lang` and `stored` parameters as follows:
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[source,js]
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--------------------------------------------------
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GET _search
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{
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"query": {
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"script": {
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"script": {
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"lang": "groovy",
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"stored": "calculate-score",
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"params": {
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"my_modifier": 2
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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--------------------------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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// TEST[continued]
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And deleted with:
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[source,js]
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-----------------------------------
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DELETE _scripts/groovy/calculate-score
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-----------------------------------
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// CONSOLE
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// TEST[continued]
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[float]
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[[modules-scripting-using-caching]]
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=== Script Caching
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All scripts are cached by default so that they only need to be recompiled
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when updates occur. File scripts keep a static cache and will always reside
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in memory. Both inline and stored scripts are stored in a cache that can evict
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residing scripts. By default, scripts do not have a time-based expiration, but
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you can change this behavior by using the `script.cache.expire` setting.
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You can configure the size of this cache by using the `script.cache.max_size` setting.
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By default, the cache size is `100`.
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NOTE: The size of stored scripts is limited to 65,535 bytes. This can be
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changed by setting `script.max_size_in_bytes` setting to increase that soft
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limit, but if scripts are really large then alternatives like
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<<modules-scripting-native,native>> scripts should be considered instead.
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