OpenSearch/docs/reference/query-dsl/queries/fuzzy-query.asciidoc
Simon Willnauer bc5a9ca342 Rename edit_distance/min_similarity to fuzziness
A lot of different API's currently use different names for the
same logical parameter. Since lucene moved away from the notion
of a `similarity` and now uses an `fuzziness` we should generalize
this and encapsulate the generation, parsing and creation of these
settings across all queries.

This commit adds a new `Fuzziness` class that handles the renaming
and generalization in a backwards compatible manner.

This commit also added a ParseField class to better support deprecated
Query DSL parameters

The ParseField class allows specifying parameger that have been deprecated.
Those parameters can be more easily tracked and removed in future version.
This also allows to run queries in `strict` mode per index to throw
exceptions if a query is executed with deprected keys.

Closes #4082
2014-01-09 15:14:51 +01:00

103 lines
2.4 KiB
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[[query-dsl-fuzzy-query]]
=== Fuzzy Query
The fuzzy query uses similarity based on Levenshtein edit distance for
`string` fields, and a `+/-` margin on numeric and date fields.
==== String fields
The `fuzzy` query generates all possible matching terms that are within the
maximum edit distance specified in `fuzziness` and then checks the term
dictionary to find out which of those generated terms actually exist in the
index.
Here is a simple example:
[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
"fuzzy" : { "user" : "ki" }
}
--------------------------------------------------
Or with more advanced settings:
[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
"fuzzy" : {
"user" : {
"value" : "ki",
"boost" : 1.0,
"fuzziness" : 2,
"prefix_length" : 0,
"max_expansions": 100
}
}
}
--------------------------------------------------
[float]
===== Parameters
[horizontal]
`fuzziness`::
The maximum edit distance. Defaults to `AUTO`. See <<fuzziness>>.
`prefix_length`::
The number of initial characters which will not be ``fuzzified''. This
helps to reduce the number of terms which must be examined. Defaults
to `0`.
`max_expansions`::
The maximum number of terms that the `fuzzy` query will expand to.
Defaults to `0`.
WARNING: this query can be very heavy if `prefix_length` and `max_expansions`
are both set to their defaults of `0`. This could cause every term in the
index to be examined!
[float]
==== Numeric and date fields
Performs a <<query-dsl-range-query>> ``around'' the value using the
`fuzziness` value as a `+/-` range, where:
-fuzziness <= field value <= +fuzziness
For example:
[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
"fuzzy" : {
"price" : {
"value" : 12,
"fuzziness" : 2
}
}
}
--------------------------------------------------
Will result in a range query between 10 and 14. Date fields support
<<time-units,time values>>, eg:
[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
"fuzzy" : {
"created" : {
"value" : "2010-02-05T12:05:07",
"fuzziness" : "1d"
}
}
}
--------------------------------------------------
See <<fuzziness>> for more details about accepted values.