OpenSearch/docs/reference/mapping/params/format.asciidoc

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[[mapping-date-format]]
=== `format`
In JSON documents, dates are represented as strings. Elasticsearch uses a set
of preconfigured formats to recognize and parse these strings into a long
value representing _milliseconds-since-the-epoch_ in UTC.
Besides the <<built-in-date-formats,built-in formats>>, your own
<<custom-date-formats,custom formats>> can be specified using the familiar
`yyyy/MM/dd` syntax:
[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT my_index
{
"mappings": {
"_doc": {
"properties": {
"date": {
"type": "date",
"format": "yyyy-MM-dd"
}
}
}
}
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
Many APIs which support date values also support <<date-math,date math>>
expressions, such as `now-1m/d` -- the current time, minus one month, rounded
down to the nearest day.
[[custom-date-formats]]
==== Custom date formats
Completely customizable date formats are supported. The syntax for these is explained
http://www.joda.org/joda-time/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html[in the Joda docs].
[[built-in-date-formats]]
==== Built In Formats
Most of the below formats have a `strict` companion format, which means that
year, month and day parts of the week must use respectively 4, 2 and 2 digits
exactly, potentially prepending zeros. For instance a date like `5/11/1` would
be considered invalid and would need to be rewritten to `2005/11/01` to be
accepted by the date parser.
To use them, you need to prepend `strict_` to the name of the date format, for
instance `strict_date_optional_time` instead of `date_optional_time`.
These strict date formats are especially useful when
<<date-detection,date fields are dynamically mapped>> in order to make sure to
not accidentally map irrelevant strings as dates.
The following tables lists all the defaults ISO formats supported:
`epoch_millis`::
A formatter for the number of milliseconds since the epoch. Note, that
this timestamp is subject to the limits of a Java `Long.MIN_VALUE` and
`Long.MAX_VALUE`.
`epoch_second`::
A formatter for the number of seconds since the epoch. Note, that this
timestamp is subject to the limits of a Java `Long.MIN_VALUE` and `Long.
MAX_VALUE` divided by 1000 (the number of milliseconds in a second).
[[strict-date-time]]`date_optional_time` or `strict_date_optional_time`::
A generic ISO datetime parser where the date is mandatory and the time is
optional.
http://www.joda.org/joda-time/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/ISODateTimeFormat.html#dateOptionalTimeParser--[Full details here].
`basic_date`::
A basic formatter for a full date as four digit year, two digit month of
year, and two digit day of month: `yyyyMMdd`.
`basic_date_time`::
A basic formatter that combines a basic date and time, separated by a 'T':
`yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss.SSSZ`.
`basic_date_time_no_millis`::
A basic formatter that combines a basic date and time without millis,
separated by a 'T': `yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmssZ`.
`basic_ordinal_date`::
A formatter for a full ordinal date, using a four digit year and three
digit dayOfYear: `yyyyDDD`.
`basic_ordinal_date_time`::
A formatter for a full ordinal date and time, using a four digit year and
three digit dayOfYear: `yyyyDDD'T'HHmmss.SSSZ`.
`basic_ordinal_date_time_no_millis`::
A formatter for a full ordinal date and time without millis, using a four
digit year and three digit dayOfYear: `yyyyDDD'T'HHmmssZ`.
`basic_time`::
A basic formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour,
two digit second of minute, three digit millis, and time zone offset:
`HHmmss.SSSZ`.
`basic_time_no_millis`::
A basic formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour,
two digit second of minute, and time zone offset: `HHmmssZ`.
`basic_t_time`::
A basic formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour,
two digit second of minute, three digit millis, and time zone off set
prefixed by 'T': `'T'HHmmss.SSSZ`.
`basic_t_time_no_millis`::
A basic formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour,
two digit second of minute, and time zone offset prefixed by 'T':
`'T'HHmmssZ`.
`basic_week_date` or `strict_basic_week_date`::
A basic formatter for a full date as four digit weekyear, two digit week
of weekyear, and one digit day of week: `xxxx'W'wwe`.
`basic_week_date_time` or `strict_basic_week_date_time`::
A basic formatter that combines a basic weekyear date and time, separated
by a 'T': `xxxx'W'wwe'T'HHmmss.SSSZ`.
`basic_week_date_time_no_millis` or `strict_basic_week_date_time_no_millis`::
A basic formatter that combines a basic weekyear date and time without
millis, separated by a 'T': `xxxx'W'wwe'T'HHmmssZ`.
`date` or `strict_date`::
A formatter for a full date as four digit year, two digit month of year,
and two digit day of month: `yyyy-MM-dd`.
`date_hour` or `strict_date_hour`::
A formatter that combines a full date and two digit hour of day:
`yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH`.
`date_hour_minute` or `strict_date_hour_minute`::
A formatter that combines a full date, two digit hour of day, and two
digit minute of hour: `yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm`.
`date_hour_minute_second` or `strict_date_hour_minute_second`::
A formatter that combines a full date, two digit hour of day, two digit
minute of hour, and two digit second of minute: `yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss`.
`date_hour_minute_second_fraction` or `strict_date_hour_minute_second_fraction`::
A formatter that combines a full date, two digit hour of day, two digit
minute of hour, two digit second of minute, and three digit fraction of
second: `yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS`.
`date_hour_minute_second_millis` or `strict_date_hour_minute_second_millis`::
A formatter that combines a full date, two digit hour of day, two digit
minute of hour, two digit second of minute, and three digit fraction of
second: `yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS`.
`date_time` or `strict_date_time`::
A formatter that combines a full date and time, separated by a 'T':
`yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZZ`.
`date_time_no_millis` or `strict_date_time_no_millis`::
A formatter that combines a full date and time without millis, separated
by a 'T': `yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZZ`.
`hour` or `strict_hour`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day: `HH`
`hour_minute` or `strict_hour_minute`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day and two digit minute of hour:
`HH:mm`.
`hour_minute_second` or `strict_hour_minute_second`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour, and two
digit second of minute: `HH:mm:ss`.
`hour_minute_second_fraction` or `strict_hour_minute_second_fraction`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour, two
digit second of minute, and three digit fraction of second: `HH:mm:ss.SSS`.
`hour_minute_second_millis` or `strict_hour_minute_second_millis`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour, two
digit second of minute, and three digit fraction of second: `HH:mm:ss.SSS`.
`ordinal_date` or `strict_ordinal_date`::
A formatter for a full ordinal date, using a four digit year and three
digit dayOfYear: `yyyy-DDD`.
`ordinal_date_time` or `strict_ordinal_date_time`::
A formatter for a full ordinal date and time, using a four digit year and
three digit dayOfYear: `yyyy-DDD'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZZ`.
`ordinal_date_time_no_millis` or `strict_ordinal_date_time_no_millis`::
A formatter for a full ordinal date and time without millis, using a four
digit year and three digit dayOfYear: `yyyy-DDD'T'HH:mm:ssZZ`.
`time` or `strict_time`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour, two
digit second of minute, three digit fraction of second, and time zone
offset: `HH:mm:ss.SSSZZ`.
`time_no_millis` or `strict_time_no_millis`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour, two
digit second of minute, and time zone offset: `HH:mm:ssZZ`.
`t_time` or `strict_t_time`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour, two
digit second of minute, three digit fraction of second, and time zone
offset prefixed by 'T': `'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZZ`.
`t_time_no_millis` or `strict_t_time_no_millis`::
A formatter for a two digit hour of day, two digit minute of hour, two
digit second of minute, and time zone offset prefixed by 'T': `'T'HH:mm:ssZZ`.
`week_date` or `strict_week_date`::
A formatter for a full date as four digit weekyear, two digit week of
weekyear, and one digit day of week: `xxxx-'W'ww-e`.
`week_date_time` or `strict_week_date_time`::
A formatter that combines a full weekyear date and time, separated by a
'T': `xxxx-'W'ww-e'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZZ`.
`week_date_time_no_millis` or `strict_week_date_time_no_millis`::
A formatter that combines a full weekyear date and time without millis,
separated by a 'T': `xxxx-'W'ww-e'T'HH:mm:ssZZ`.
`weekyear` or `strict_weekyear`::
A formatter for a four digit weekyear: `xxxx`.
`weekyear_week` or `strict_weekyear_week`::
A formatter for a four digit weekyear and two digit week of weekyear:
`xxxx-'W'ww`.
`weekyear_week_day` or `strict_weekyear_week_day`::
A formatter for a four digit weekyear, two digit week of weekyear, and one
digit day of week: `xxxx-'W'ww-e`.
`year` or `strict_year`::
A formatter for a four digit year: `yyyy`.
`year_month` or `strict_year_month`::
A formatter for a four digit year and two digit month of year: `yyyy-MM`.
`year_month_day` or `strict_year_month_day`::
A formatter for a four digit year, two digit month of year, and two digit
day of month: `yyyy-MM-dd`.