This commit allows for using Lucene doc values as a backend for field data,
moving the cost of building field data from the refresh operation to indexing.
In addition, Lucene doc values can be stored on disk (partially, or even
entirely), so that memory management is done at the operating system level
(file-system cache) instead of the JVM, avoiding long pauses during major
collections due to large heaps.
So far doc values are supported on numeric types and non-analyzed strings
(index:no or index:not_analyzed). Under the hood, it uses SORTED_SET doc values
which is the only type to support multi-valued fields. Since the field data API
set is a bit wider than the doc values API set, some operations are not
supported:
- field data filtering: this will fail if doc values are enabled,
- field data cache clearing, even for memory-based doc values formats,
- getting the memory usage for a specific field,
- knowing whether a field is actually multi-valued.
This commit also allows for configuring doc-values formats on a per-field basis
similarly to postings formats. In particular the doc values format of the
_version field can be configured through its own field mapper (it used to be
handled in UidFieldMapper previously).
Closes#3806
4fa8f6f61f