417 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
417 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
[[sql-functions]]
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== Functions and Operators
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{es-sql} provides a number of built-in operators and functions.
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=== Comparison Operators
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{es-sql} supports the following comparison operators:
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* Equality (`=`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/filter.sql-spec[whereFieldEquality]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Inequality (`<>` or `!=` or `<=>`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/filter.sql-spec[whereFieldNonEquality]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Comparison (`<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/filter.sql-spec[whereFieldLessThan]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* `BETWEEN`
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/filter.sql-spec[whereBetween]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* `IS NULL`/`IS NOT NULL`
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/filter.sql-spec[whereIsNotNullAndIsNull]
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--------------------------------------------------
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=== Logical Operators
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{es-sql} supports the following logical operators:
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* `AND`
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/filter.sql-spec[whereFieldAndComparison]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* `OR`
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/filter.sql-spec[whereFieldOrComparison]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* `NOT`
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/filter.sql-spec[whereFieldEqualityNot]
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--------------------------------------------------
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=== Math Operators
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{es-sql} supports the following math operators:
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* Add (`+`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/arithmetic.sql-spec[plus]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Subtract (infix `-`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/arithmetic.sql-spec[minus]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Negate (unary `-`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/arithmetic.sql-spec[unaryMinus]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Multiply (`*`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/arithmetic.sql-spec[multiply]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Divide (`/`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/arithmetic.sql-spec[divide]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation[Modulo] or Reminder(`%`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/arithmetic.sql-spec[mod]
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--------------------------------------------------
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=== Math Functions
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All math and trigonometric functions require their input (where applicable)
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to be numeric.
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==== Generic
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* `ABS`
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_value[Absolute value], returns \[same type as input]
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[abs]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* `CBRT`
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_root[Cube root], returns `double`
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// TODO make the example in the tests presentable
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* `CEIL`
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions[Ceiling], returns `double`
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* `CEILING`
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Same as `CEIL`
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// TODO make the example in the tests presentable
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* `E`
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_%28mathematical_constant%29[Euler's number], returns `2.7182818284590452354`
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_up[Round] (`ROUND`)
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// TODO make the example in the tests presentable
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NOTE: This rounds "half up" meaning that `ROUND(-1.5)` results in `-1`.
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions[Floor] (`FLOOR`)
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// TODO make the example in the tests presentable
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm[Natural logarithm] (`LOG`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[log]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm[Logarithm] base 10 (`LOG10`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[log10]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root[Square root] (`SQRT`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[sqrt]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function[e^x^] (`EXP`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[exp]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Math.html#expm1-double-[e^x^ - 1] (`EXPM1`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[expm1]
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--------------------------------------------------
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==== Trigonometric
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* Convert from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian[radians]
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to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)[degrees] (`DEGREES`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[degrees]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Convert from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)[degrees]
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to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian[radians] (`RADIANS`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[degrees]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#sine[Sine] (`SIN`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[sin]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#cosine[Cosine] (`COS`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[cos]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#tangent[Tangent] (`TAN`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[tan]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[Arc sine] (`ASIN`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[asin]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[Arc cosine] (`ACOS`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[acos]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[Arc tangent] (`ATAN`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[atan]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function[Hyperbolic sine] (`SINH`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[sinh]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function[Hyperbolic cosine] (`COSH`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/math.sql-spec[cosh]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-datetime]]
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=== Date and Time Functions
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* Extract the year from a date (`YEAR`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[year]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the month of the year from a date (`MONTH_OF_YEAR` or `MONTH`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[monthOfYear]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the week of the year from a date (`WEEK_OF_YEAR` or `WEEK`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[weekOfYear]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the day of the year from a date (`DAY_OF_YEAR` or `DOY`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[dayOfYear]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the day of the month from a date (`DAY_OF_MONTH`, `DOM`, or `DAY`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[dayOfMonth]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the day of the week from a date (`DAY_OF_WEEK` or `DOW`).
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Monday is `1`, Tuesday is `2`, etc.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[dayOfWeek]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the hour of the day from a date (`HOUR_OF_DAY` or `HOUR`).
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Monday is `1`, Tuesday is `2`, etc.
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[hourOfDay]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the minute of the day from a date (`MINUTE_OF_DAY`).
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[minuteOfDay]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the minute of the hour from a date (`MINUTE_OF_HOUR`, `MINUTE`).
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[minuteOfHour]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract the second of the minute from a date (`SECOND_OF_MINUTE`, `SECOND`).
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[secondOfMinute]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Extract
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As an alternative, one can support `EXTRACT` to extract fields from datetimes.
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You can run any <<sql-functions-datetime,datetime function>>
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with `EXTRACT(<datetime_function> FROM <expression>)`. So
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[extractDayOfYear]
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--------------------------------------------------
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is the equivalent to
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/datetime.csv-spec[dayOfYear]
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--------------------------------------------------
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[[sql-functions-aggregate]]
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=== Aggregate Functions
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==== Basic
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_mean[Average] (`AVG`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/agg.sql-spec[avg]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Count the number of matching fields (`COUNT`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/agg.sql-spec[countStar]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Count the number of distinct values in matching documents (`COUNT(DISTINCT`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/agg.sql-spec[countDistinct]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Find the maximum value in matching documents (`MAX`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/agg.sql-spec[max]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* Find the minimum value in matching documents (`MIN`)
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/agg.sql-spec[min]
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--------------------------------------------------
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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahan_summation_algorithm[Sum]
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all values of matching documents (`SUM`).
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["source","sql",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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--------------------------------------------------
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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/agg.csv-spec[sum]
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--------------------------------------------------
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