188 lines
5.6 KiB
Plaintext
188 lines
5.6 KiB
Plaintext
[discrete]
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[[search-fields]]
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=== Retrieve selected fields
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By default, each hit in the search response includes the document
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<<mapping-source-field,`_source`>>, which is the entire JSON object that was
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provided when indexing the document. If you only need certain source fields in
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the search response, you can use the <<source-filtering,source filtering>> to
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restrict what parts of the source are returned.
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Returning fields using only the document source has some limitations:
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* The `_source` field does not include <<multi-fields, multi-fields>> or
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<<alias, field aliases>>. Likewise, a field in the source does not contain
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values copied using the <<copy-to,`copy_to`>> mapping parameter.
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* Since the `_source` is stored as a single field in Lucene, the whole source
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object must be loaded and parsed, even if only a small number of fields are
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needed.
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To avoid these limitations, you can:
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* Use the <<docvalue-fields, `docvalue_fields`>>
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parameter to get values for selected fields. This can be a good
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choice when returning a fairly small number of fields that support doc values,
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such as keywords and dates.
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* Use the <<request-body-search-stored-fields, `stored_fields`>> parameter to get the values for specific stored fields. (Fields that use the <<mapping-store,`store`>> mapping option.)
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You can find more detailed information on each of these methods in the
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following sections:
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* <<source-filtering>>
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* <<docvalue-fields>>
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* <<stored-fields>>
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[discrete]
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[[source-filtering]]
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=== Source filtering
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You can use the `_source` parameter to select what fields of the source are
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returned. This is called _source filtering_.
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The following search API request sets the `_source` request body parameter to
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`false`. The document source is not included in the response.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /_search
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{
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"_source": false,
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"query": {
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"match": {
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"user.id": "kimchy"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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To return only a subset of source fields, specify a wildcard (`*`) pattern in
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the `_source` parameter. The following search API request returns the source for
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only the `obj` field and its properties.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /_search
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{
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"_source": "obj.*",
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"query": {
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"match": {
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"user.id": "kimchy"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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You can also specify an array of wildcard patterns in the `_source` field. The
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following search API request returns the source for only the `obj1` and
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`obj2` fields and their properties.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /_search
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{
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"_source": [ "obj1.*", "obj2.*" ],
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"query": {
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"match": {
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"user.id": "kimchy"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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For finer control, you can specify an object containing arrays of `includes` and
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`excludes` patterns in the `_source` parameter.
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If the `includes` property is specified, only source fields that match one of
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its patterns are returned. You can exclude fields from this subset using the
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`excludes` property.
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If the `includes` property is not specified, the entire document source is
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returned, excluding any fields that match a pattern in the `excludes` property.
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The following search API request returns the source for only the `obj1` and
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`obj2` fields and their properties, excluding any child `description` fields.
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /_search
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{
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"_source": {
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"includes": [ "obj1.*", "obj2.*" ],
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"excludes": [ "*.description" ]
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},
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"query": {
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"term": {
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"user.id": "kimchy"
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}
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}
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}
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----
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[discrete]
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[[docvalue-fields]]
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=== Doc value fields
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You can use the <<docvalue-fields,`docvalue_fields`>> parameter to return
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<<doc-values,doc values>> for one or more fields in the search response.
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Doc values store the same values as the `_source` but in an on-disk,
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column-based structure that's optimized for sorting and aggregations. Since each
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field is stored separately, {es} only reads the field values that were requested
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and can avoid loading the whole document `_source`.
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Doc values are stored for supported fields by default. However, doc values are
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not supported for <<text,`text`>> or
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{plugins}/mapper-annotated-text-usage.html[`text_annotated`] fields.
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The following search request uses the `docvalue_fields` parameter to
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retrieve doc values for the following fields:
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* Fields with names starting with `my_ip`
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* `my_keyword_field`
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* Fields with names ending with `_date_field`
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[source,console]
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----
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GET /_search
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{
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"query": {
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"match_all": {}
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},
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"docvalue_fields": [
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"my_ip*", <1>
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{
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"field": "my_keyword_field" <2>
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},
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{
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"field": "*_date_field",
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"format": "epoch_millis" <3>
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}
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]
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}
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----
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<1> Wildcard patten used to match field names, specified as a string.
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<2> Wildcard patten used to match field names, specified as an object.
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<3> With the object notation, you can use the `format` parameter to specify a
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format for the field's returned doc values. <<date,Date fields>> support a
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<<mapping-date-format,date `format`>>. <<number,Numeric fields>> support a
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https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/DecimalFormat.html[DecimalFormat
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pattern]. Other field data types do not support the `format` parameter.
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TIP: You cannot use the `docvalue_fields` parameter to retrieve doc values for
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nested objects. If you specify a nested object, the search returns an empty
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array (`[ ]`) for the field. To access nested fields, use the
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<<request-body-search-inner-hits, `inner_hits`>> parameter's `docvalue_fields`
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property.
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[discrete]
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[[stored-fields]]
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=== Stored fields
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It's also possible to store an individual field's values by using the
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<<mapping-store,`store`>> mapping option. You can use the
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<<request-body-search-stored-fields, `stored_fields`>> parameter to include
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these stored values in the search response.
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