OpenSearch/docs/reference/indices/put-mapping.asciidoc

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[[indices-put-mapping]]
== Put Mapping
The PUT mapping API allows you to add a new type to an existing index, or add new
fields to an existing type:
[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT twitter <1>
{}
PUT twitter/_mapping/_doc <2>
{
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
PUT twitter/_mapping/_doc <3>
{
"properties": {
"email": {
"type": "keyword"
}
}
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
<1> <<indices-create-index,Creates an index>> called `twitter` without any type mapping.
<2> Uses the PUT mapping API to add a new mapping type called `user`.
<3> Uses the PUT mapping API to add a new field called `email` to the `user` mapping type.
More information on how to define type mappings can be found in the
<<mapping,mapping>> section.
[float]
=== Multi-index
The PUT mapping API can be applied to multiple indices with a single request.
For example, we can update the `twitter-1` and `twitter-2` mappings at the same time:
[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
# Create the two indices
PUT twitter-1
PUT twitter-2
# Update both mappings
PUT /twitter-1,twitter-2/_mapping/_doc <1>
{
"properties": {
"user_name": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
<1> Note that the indices specified (`twitter-1,twitter-2`) follows <<multi-index,multiple index names>> and wildcard format.
NOTE: When updating the `_default_` mapping with the
<<indices-put-mapping,PUT mapping>> API, the new mapping is not merged with
the existing mapping. Instead, the new `_default_` mapping replaces the
existing one.
[[updating-field-mappings]]
[float]
=== Updating field mappings
In general, the mapping for existing fields cannot be updated. There are some
exceptions to this rule. For instance:
* new <<properties>> can be added to <<object>> fields.
* new <<multi-fields,multi-fields>> can be added to existing fields.
* the <<ignore-above>> parameter can be updated.
For example:
[source,js]
-----------------------------------
PUT my_index <1>
{
"mappings": {
"_doc": {
"properties": {
"name": {
"properties": {
"first": {
"type": "text"
}
}
},
"user_id": {
"type": "keyword"
}
}
}
}
}
PUT my_index/_mapping/_doc
{
"properties": {
"name": {
"properties": {
"last": { <2>
"type": "text"
}
}
},
"user_id": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 100 <3>
}
}
}
-----------------------------------
// CONSOLE
<1> Create an index with a `first` field under the `name` <<object>> field, and a `user_id` field.
<2> Add a `last` field under the `name` object field.
<3> Update the `ignore_above` setting from its default of 0.
Each <<mapping-params,mapping parameter>> specifies whether or not its setting
can be updated on an existing field.