angular-cn/aio/content/guide/testing-pipes.md

# Testing Pipes

You can test [pipes](guide/pipes) without the Angular testing utilities.

<div class="alert is-helpful">

  For the sample app that the testing guides describe, see the <live-example name="testing" embedded-style noDownload>sample app</live-example>.

  For the tests features in the testing guides, see <live-example name="testing" stackblitz="specs" noDownload>tests</live-example>.

</div>

## Testing the `TitleCasePipe`

A pipe class has one method, `transform`, that manipulates the input
value into a transformed output value.
The `transform` implementation rarely interacts with the DOM.
Most pipes have no dependence on Angular other than the `@Pipe`
metadata and an interface.

Consider a `TitleCasePipe` that capitalizes the first letter of each word.
Here's an implementation with a regular expression.

<code-example path="testing/src/app/shared/title-case.pipe.ts" header="app/shared/title-case.pipe.ts"></code-example>

Anything that uses a regular expression is worth testing thoroughly.
Use simple Jasmine to explore the expected cases and the edge cases.

<code-example path="testing/src/app/shared/title-case.pipe.spec.ts" region="excerpt" header="app/shared/title-case.pipe.spec.ts"></code-example>

{@a write-tests}

## Writing DOM tests to support a pipe test

These are tests of the pipe _in isolation_.
They can't tell if the `TitleCasePipe` is working properly as applied in the application components.

Consider adding component tests such as this one:

<code-example path="testing/src/app/hero/hero-detail.component.spec.ts" region="title-case-pipe" header="app/hero/hero-detail.component.spec.ts (pipe test)"></code-example>