angular-cn/public/docs/js/latest/guide/displaying-data.jade

.l-main-section

  h2#section-displaying-controller-properties Displaying controller properties


  p.
    Let's walk through how we'd display a property, a list of properties, and then conditionally show content
    based on state. We'll end up with a UI that looks like this:

  figure.image-display
    img(src='displaying-data-example1.png')

.callout.is-helpful
  header Typescript vs ES5
  p.
    Although we work through the examples in TypeScript, you can also use
    regular ES5. Click the ES5 link in any code box to see the ES5 JavaScript
    version. Note that in ES5, you'd want to name your files <code>.js</code> rather than
    <code>.ts</code>.

.l-main-section
    h2#section-create-an-entry-point Create an entry point

    p Open your favorite editor and create a show-properties.html file with the content:

    code-example(language="html" escape="html").
      <display></display>

    p
     | The <code>&lt;display&gt;</code> component here acts as the site where you'll insert your application.
     | We'll assume a structure like this for the rest of the examples here and just focus on the parts that
     | are different.

.l-main-section
    h2#section-showing-properties-with-interpolation Showing properties with interpolation
    p.text-body
     | The simple method for binding text into templates is through interpolation where you put the name of a property
     | inside <strong>{{ }}</strong>.

    p To see this working, create another file, <code>show-properties.ts</code>, and add the following:

    code-tabs
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="TypeScript" format="linenums").
        // TypeScript
        import {Component, View, bootstrap} from 'angular2/angular2';

        @Component({
          selector: 'display'
        })
        @View({
          template: `
           &lt;p&gt;My name: {{ myName }}&lt;/p&gt;
          `
        })
        class DisplayComponent {
          myName: string;

          constructor() {
            this.myName = "Alice";
          }
        }
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="ES5" format="linenums").
        // ES5
        function DisplayComponent() {
          this.myName = "Alice";
        }
        DisplayComponent.annotations = [
          new angular.ComponentAnnotation({
            selector: "display"
          }),
          new angular.ViewAnnotation({
            template:
               '&lt;p&gt;My name: {{ myName }}&lt;/p&gt;'
          })
        ];


    p.
     You've just defined a component that encompasses a view and controller for the app. The view
     defines a template:

    code-example(language="html" escape="html").
      <p>My name: {{ myName }}</p>

    p.
     Angular will automatically pull the value of <code>myName</code> and insert it into the browser and
     update it whenever it changes without work on your part.

    p.
     One thing to notice here is that though you've written your <code>DisplayComponent</code> class, you haven't
     called new to create one anywhere.  By associating your class with elements named 'display' in
     the DOM, Angular knows to automatically call new on <code>DisplayComponent</code> and bind its properties to
     that part of the template.

    p.
     When you're building templates, data bindings like these have access to the same scope of
     properties as your controller class does.  Here, your class is the <code>DisplayComponent</code> that has
     just one property, myName.

    .callout.is-helpful
      header Note
      p.
        While you've used <code>template:</code> to specify an inline view, for larger templates you'd
        want to move them to a separate file and load them with <code>templateUrl:</code> instead.

.l-main-section
    h2#Create-an-array Create an array property and use For on the view
    p Moving up from a single property, create an array to display as a list.

    code-tabs
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="TypeScript" format="linenums").
        //Typescript
        class DisplayComponent {
          myName: string;
          <span class='otl'>names: Array<string>;</span>

          constructor() {
            this.myName = "Alice";
            <span class='otl'>this.names = ["Aarav", "Martín", "Shannon", "Ariana", "Kai"];</span>
          }
        }

      code-pane(language="javascript" name="Javascript (ES5)" format="linenums").
        //ES5
        function DisplayComponent() {
          this.myName = "Alice";
          <span class='otl'>this.names = ["Aarav", "Martín", "Shannon", "Ariana", "Kai"];</span>
        }
    p.
        You can then use this array in your template with the <code>For</code> directive to create copies of DOM elements
        with one for each item in the array.

    code-tabs
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="TypeScript" format="linenums").
        //Typescript
        template: `
          &lt;p&gt;My name: {{ myName }}&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;p&gt;Friends:&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;ul&gt;
             &lt;li *for=&quot;#name of names&quot;&gt;
                {{ name }}
             &lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;/ul&gt;
        `,
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="ES5" format="linenums").
        //ES5
        template:
          &#39;&lt;p&gt;My name: {{ myName }}&lt;/p&gt;&#39; +
          &#39;&lt;p&gt;Friends:&lt;/p&gt;&#39; +
          &#39;&lt;ul&gt;&#39; +
          &#39;&lt;li *for=&quot;#name of names&quot;&gt;&#39; +
          &#39;{{ name }}&#39; +
          &#39;&lt;/li&gt;&#39; +
          &#39;&lt;/ul&gt;&#39;,

    p.
        To make this work, you'll also need to add the <code>For</code> directive used by the template so
        that Angular knows to include it:

    code-tabs
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="TypeScript" format="linenums").
        //Typescript
        import {Component, View, bootstrap, For} from 'angular2/angular2';
        @View({
          ...
          directives: [For]
        })


      code-pane(language="javascript" name="ES5" format="linenums").
        //ES5
        DisplayComponent.annotations = [
          ...
          new angular.ViewAnnotation({
            ...
            directives: [angular.For]
          })
        ];

    p Reload and you've got your list of friends!
    p.
        Angular will mirror changes you make to this list over in the DOM. Add a new item and it appears in your
        list. Delete one and Angular deletes the &lt;li&gt;. Reorder items and Angular makes the corresponding reorder of
        the DOM list.
    p Let's look at the few lines that do the work again:
    code-example(language="html" format="linenums").
      //HTML
      &lt;li *for=&quot;#name of names&quot;&gt;
         {{ name }}
      &lt;/li&gt;
    p The way to read this is:
    ul
        li.
            <code>*for</code> : create a DOM element for each item in an
            <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Iteration_protocols">iterable</a>
             like an array
        li <code>#name</code> : refer to individual values of the iterable as 'name'
        li <code>of names</code> : the iterable to use is called 'names' in the current controller
    p Using this syntax, you can build UI lists from any iterable object.
.l-main-section
    h2#Create-a-class Create a class for the array property and inject into component

    p.
        Before we get too much further, we should mention that putting our model (array) directly in our controller isn't
        proper form.  We should separate the concerns by having another class serve the role of model and inject it into
        the controller.

    p Make a <code>FriendsService</code> class to provide the model with the list of friends.

    code-tabs
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="TypeScript" format="linenums").
        class FriendsService {
          names: Array&lt;string&gt;;
          constructor() {
            this.names = ["Alice", "Aarav", "Martín", "Shannon", "Ariana", "Kai"];
          }
        }

      code-pane(language="javascript" name="ES5" format="linenums").
        function FriendsService() {
          this.names = ["Aarav", "Martín", "Shannon", "Ariana", "Kai"];
        }
    p.
        Now replace the current list of friends in DisplayComponent by including the FriendsService in the injectables list,
        then including the service in the constructor, and finally setting the list of
        names in DisplayComponent to the names provided by the service you passed in.

    .callout.is-helpful
        header ES5 Note
        p.
            The dependency injection syntax here is using the low-level API and is...well...not very nice.  We're
            working on sugaring the syntax to match the way it works in Angular 1.  Expect this to change soon.

    code-tabs
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="TypeScript" format="linenums").
        @Component({
          ...
          <span class='otl'>injectables: [FriendsService]</span>
        })
        class DisplayComponent {
          myName: string;
          names: Array&lt;string&gt;;
          constructor(<span class='otl'>friendsService: FriendsService</span>) {
            this.myName = 'Alice';
            <span class='otl'>this.names = friendsService.names;</span>
          }
        }

      code-pane(language="javascript" name="ES5" format="linenums").
        //ES5
        function FriendsService() {
          this.names = ["Alice", "Aarav", "Martín", "Shannon", "Ariana", "Kai"];
        }
        function DisplayComponent(<span class='otl'>friends</span>) {
          this.myName = "Alice";
          this.names = <span class='otl'>friends.names</span>;
        }
        DisplayComponent.annotations = [
          new angular.ComponentAnnotation({
            selector: "display",
            <span class='otl'>injectables: [FriendsService]</span>
          }),
          new angular.ViewAnnotation({
            template: '{{ myName }} &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li *for="#name of names"&gt;{{ name }}&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;',
            directives: [angular.For]
          })
        ];
        <span class='otl'>DisplayComponent.parameters = [[FriendsService]];</span>
        document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
          angular.bootstrap(DisplayComponent);
        });
.l-main-section
    h2#Conditionally-displaying-data-with-If Conditionally displaying data with If
    p.
        Lastly, before we move on, let's handle showing parts of our UI conditionally with <code>If</code>.  The
        <code>If</code> directive adds or removes elements from the DOM based on the expression you provide.
    p See it in action by adding a paragraph at the end of your template
    pre.prettyprint.lang-html
        code.
            &lt;p *if=&quot;names.length &gt; 3&quot;&gt;You have many friends!&lt;/p&gt;
    p You'll also need to add the <code>If</code> directive so Angular knows to include it.

    code-tabs
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="TypeScript" format="linenums").
        //Typescript
        import {Component, View, bootstrap, For, If} from 'angular2/angular2';
        ...
          directives: [For, If]
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="ES5" format="linenums").
        //ES5
        directives: [angular.For, angular.If]
    p.
        As there are currently 5 items it the list, you'll see the message congratulating you on your many friends.
        Remove two items from the list, reload your browser, and see that the message no longer displays.

    code-tabs
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="TypeScript" format="linenums").
        //TypeScript
        import {Component, View, bootstrap, For, If} from 'angular2/angular2';
        ...
        @View({
          <span class='otl'>template</span>: `
            &lt;p&gt;My name: {{ myName }}&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;p&gt;Friends:&lt;/p&gt;
            &lt;ul&gt;
              &lt;li *for=&quot;#name of names&quot;&gt;
                {{ name }}
              &lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;/ul&gt;
            &lt;p *if=&quot;names.length &gt; 3&quot;&gt;You have many friends!&lt;/p&gt;
          `,
          directives: [For, If]
        })
        class DisplayComponent {
          ...
        }

        class FriendsService {
          names: Array<string>;
          constructor() {
            <span class='otl'>this.names = ["Aarav", "Martín", "Shannon"];</span>
          }
        }
      code-pane(language="javascript" name="ES5" format="linenums").
        //ES5
        function DisplayComponent(friends) {
          this.myName = "Alice";
          this.names = friends.names;
        }
        DisplayComponent.annotations = [
          ...
          new angular.ViewAnnotation({
            <span class='otl'>template</span>: '
              &#39;&lt;p&gt;My name: {{ myName }}&lt;/p&gt;&#39; +
              &#39;&lt;p&gt;Friends:&lt;/p&gt;&#39; +
              &#39;&lt;ul&gt;&#39; +
              &#39;&lt;li *for=&quot;#name of names&quot;&gt;&#39; +
              &#39;{{ name }}&#39; +
              &#39;&lt;/li&gt;&#39; +
              &#39;&lt;/ul&gt;&#39; +
              &#39;&lt;p *if=&quot;names.length &gt; 3&quot;&gt;You have many friends!&lt;/p&gt;&#39;',
            directives: [angular.For, angular.If]
          })
        ];

        function FriendsService () {
          <span class='otl'>this.names = ["Aarav", "Martín", "Shannon"];</span>
        }