删除不必要的“我们”和“一个”
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@ -11,48 +11,48 @@ include ../_util-fns
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It's more challenging to create a cohesive data entry experience that guides the
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user efficiently and effectively through the workflow behind the form.
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任何经验丰富的Web开发人员都能使用适当的标签拼凑出一个HTML表单。
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但是,要想做出一个具有贴心的数据输入体验的表单,
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引导用户明晰、高效地完成表单背后的工作流程,这个挑战就大多了。
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任何经验丰富的Web开发人员都能使用适当的标签拼凑出HTML表单。
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但是,要想做出具有贴心的数据输入体验的表单,
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引导用户明晰、高效地完成表单背后的工作流程,挑战就大多了。
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*That* takes design skills that are, to be frank, well out of scope for this chapter.
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*这当中*所需要的设计技能,坦白讲,确实超出了本章的范围。
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坦白地讲,*这当中*所需要的设计技能超出了本章的范围。
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It also takes framework support for
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**two-way data binding, change tracking, validation, and error handling**
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... which we shall cover in this chapter on Angular forms.
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但是,它也需要框架支持,来实现**双向数据绑定、变更跟踪、有效性验证和错误处理**……
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这些Angular表单相关的内容,属于本章的范围。
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**双向数据绑定、变更跟踪、有效性验证和错误处理**等功能离不开框架的支持。
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本章将介绍Angular表单相关的内容。
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We will build a simple form from scratch, one step at a time. Along the way we'll learn how to
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我们将从零构建一个简单的表单,把它简化到一次一步。通过这种方式,我们将学到如何:
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下面,从零开始,一步一步构建出一个简单的表单。在这个过程中,我们将学会如何:
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- build an Angular form with a component and template
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- 使用组件和模板构建一个Angular表单
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使用组件和模板构建Angular表单
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- two-way data bind with `[(ngModel)]` syntax for reading and writing values to input controls
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- 使用`[(ngModel)]`语法实现双向数据绑定,以便于读取和写入输入控件的值
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`[(ngModel)]`语法实现双向数据绑定,用于读取和写入输入控件的值
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- track the change state and validity of form controls using `ngModel` in combination with a form
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- 结合表单来使用`ngModel`,我们可以跟踪表单控件的状态变化和有效性
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结合表单来使用`ngModel`,可以跟踪表单控件的状态变化和有效性
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- provide strong visual feedback using special CSS classes that track the state of the controls
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- 使用特殊的CSS类来跟踪控件状态,并提供强烈的视觉反馈
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使用特殊的 CSS 类来跟踪控件状态,并提供强烈的视觉反馈
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- display validation errors to users and enable/disable form controls
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- 向用户显示有效性验证的错误提示,以及启用/禁用表单控件
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向用户显示验证错误提示,以及启用/禁用表单控件
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- use [template reference variables](./template-syntax.html#ref-vars) for sharing information among HTML elements
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- 使用[模板引用变量](./template-syntax.html#ref-vars),在HTML元素之间共享信息
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利用[模板引用变量](./template-syntax.html#ref-vars)在 HTML 元素之间共享信息
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Run the <live-example></live-example>.
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Many of us will build forms by writing templates in the Angular [template syntax](./template-syntax.html) with
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the form-specific directives and techniques described in this chapter.
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通常,我们用Angular[模板语法](./template-syntax.html)编写模板,结合本章所描述的表单专用指令和技术来构建表单。
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通常,使用Angular[模板语法](./template-syntax.html)编写模板,结合本章所描述的表单专用指令和技术来构建表单。
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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That's not the only way to create a form but it's the way we'll cover in this chapter.
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这不是创建表单的唯一方式,但它是我们将在本章中使用的方式。(译注:Angular支持的另一种方式叫做模型驱动表单Model-Driven Forms)
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这不是创建表单的唯一方式,本章中只介绍模板驱动的表单。(译注:Angular支持的另一种方式叫做模型驱动表单Model-Driven Forms)
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:marked
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We can build almost any form we need with an Angular template — login forms, contact forms ... pretty much any business forms.
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We can lay out the controls creatively, bind them to data, specify validation rules and display validation errors,
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conditionally enable or disable specific controls, trigger built-in visual feedback, and much more.
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利用Angular模板,我们可以构建几乎所有表单 —— 登录表单、联系人表单…… 以及任何的商务表单。
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我们可以创造性的摆放各种控件、把它们绑定到数据、指定校验规则、显示校验错误、有条件的禁用或
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利用Angular模板,可以构建几乎所有表单 —— 登录表单、联系人表单…… 以及任何的商务表单。
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可以创造性的摆放各种控件、把它们绑定到数据、指定校验规则、显示校验错误、有条件的禁用或
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启用特定的控件、触发内置的视觉反馈等等,不胜枚举。
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It will be pretty easy because Angular handles many of the repetitive, boiler plate tasks we'd
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otherwise wrestle with ourselves.
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它用起来很简单,这是因为Angular帮我们处理了大多数重复、单调的任务,这让我们可以不必亲自操刀、身陷其中。
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它用起来很简单,这是因为Angular处理了大多数重复、单调的任务,这让我们可以不必亲自操刀、身陷其中。
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We'll discuss and learn to build the following template-driven form:
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@ -100,15 +100,16 @@ figure.image-display
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Here at the *Hero Employment Agency* we use this form to maintain personal information about the
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heroes in our stable. Every hero needs a job. It's our company mission to match the right hero with the right crisis!
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这里是*英雄职业介绍所*,我们使用这个表单来维护候选英雄们的个人信息。每个英雄都需要一份工作。我们公司的任务就是让适当的英雄去解决它/她所擅长应对的危机!
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这里是*英雄职业介绍所*,使用这个表单来维护候选英雄们的个人信息。每个英雄都需要一份工作。
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公司的任务就是让适当的英雄去解决它/她所擅长应对的危机!
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Two of the three fields on this form are required. Required fields have a green bar on the left to make them easy to spot.
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表单中的三个字段,其中两个是必填的。必填的字段在左侧会有一个绿色的竖条,方便用户分辨哪些是必填项。
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表单中的三个字段,其中两个是必填的。必填的字段在左侧有个绿色的竖条,方便用户分辨哪些是必填项。
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If we delete the hero name, the form displays a validation error in an attention grabbing style:
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如果我们删除了英雄的名字,表单就会用一种引人注目的样式把验证错误显示出来。
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如果删除了英雄的名字,表单就会用醒目的样式把验证错误显示出来。
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figure.image-display
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img(src="/resources/images/devguide/forms/hero-form-2.png" width="400px" alt="无效!名字是必填项")
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.l-sub-section
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p We'll customize the colors and location of the "required" bar with standard CSS.
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p 我们将使用标准CSS来定制“必填”条的颜色和位置。
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p 稍后,会使用标准 CSS 来定制“必填”条的颜色和位置。
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:marked
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We will build this form in the following sequence of small steps
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我们将按照一系列很小的步骤来构建此表单:
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按下面的步骤,一点一点构建此表单:
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1. Create the `Hero` model class
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Create a new project folder (`angular-forms`) and follow the steps in the [QuickStart](../quickstart.html).
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创建一个新的项目文件夹 (`angular-forms`),并且完成[“快速起步”](../quickstart.html)中的步骤。
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创建新的项目文件夹 (`angular-forms`),并且完成[“快速起步”](../quickstart.html)中的步骤。
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include ../_quickstart_repo
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:marked
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## Create the Hero Model Class
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## 创建一个Hero模型类
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## 创建Hero模型类
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As users enter form data, we capture their changes and update an instance of a model.
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We can't layout the form until we know what the model looks like.
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当用户输入表单数据时,需要捕获它们的变化,并更新到模型的一个实例中。
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当用户输入表单数据时,需要捕获它们的变化,并更新到模型的实例中。
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除非知道模型里有什么,否则无法设计表单的布局。
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A model can be as simple as a "property bag" that holds facts about a thing of application importance.
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That describes well our `Hero` class with its three required fields (`id`, `name`, `power`)
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and one optional field (`alterEgo`).
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最简单的模型就是一个“属性包”,用来存放应用中一件事物的事实。
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最简单的模型是个“属性包”,用来存放应用中一件事物的事实。
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这里使用三个必备字段 (`id`、`name`、`power`),和一个可选字段 (`alterEgo`,译注:中文含义:第二人格,比如X战警中的Jean/黑凤凰)。
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Create a new file in the app folder called `hero.ts` and give it the following class definition:
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在应用文件夹中创建一个`hero.ts`文件,并且写入下列类定义内容:
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在应用文件夹中创建`hero.ts`文件,并且写入下列类定义内容:
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+makeExample('forms/ts/app/hero.ts', null, 'app/hero.ts')
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:marked
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It's an anemic model with few requirements and no behavior. Perfect for our demo.
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这是一个少量需求和零行为的贫血模型。对我们的演示来说很完美。
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这是一个少量需求和零行为的贫血模型。对演示来说很完美。
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The TypeScript compiler generates a public field for each `public` constructor parameter and
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assigns the parameter’s value to that field automatically when we create new heroes.
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The `alterEgo` is optional and the constructor lets us omit it; note the (?) in `alterEgo?`.
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`alterEgo`是可选的,构造函数允许我们省略它,注意`alterEgo?`中的问号 (?)。
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`alterEgo`是可选的,调用构造函数时可省略,注意`alterEgo?`中的问号 (?)。
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We can create a new hero like this:
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我们可以像这样创建一个新英雄:
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可以像这样创建新英雄:
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code-example(format="").
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let myHero = new Hero(42, 'SkyDog',
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'Fetch any object at any distance',
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:marked
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## Create a Form component
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## 创建一个表单组件
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## 创建表单组件
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An Angular form has two parts: an HTML-based template and a code-based Component to handle data and user interactions.
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每个Angular表单分为两部分:基于HTML的模板和基于代码的组件。组件用来处理数据和用户交互。
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Angular 表单分为两部分:基于 HTML 的模板和基于代码的组件。组件用来处理数据和用户交互。
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We begin with the Component because it states, in brief, what the Hero editor can do.
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我们从组件开始,是因为它能够简要说明英雄编辑器能做什么。
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先从组件开始,是因为它可以简要说明英雄编辑器能做什么。
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Create a new file called `hero-form.component.ts` and give it the following definition:
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创建一个名叫`hero-form.component.ts`的文件,并且放进下列定义:
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创建名叫`hero-form.component.ts`的文件,放进下列定义:
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+makeExample('forms/ts/app/hero-form.component.ts', 'first', 'app/hero-form.component.ts')
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:marked
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There’s nothing special about this component, nothing form-specific, nothing to distinguish it from any component we've written before.
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本组件没有什么特别的地方,没有表单相关的东西,与之前写过的组件没什么不同。
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这个组件没有什么特别的地方,没有表单相关的东西,与之前写过的组件没什么不同。
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Understanding this component requires only the Angular concepts we’ve learned in previous chapters
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1. We import the `Component` decorator from the Angular library as we usually do.
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像往常一样,我们从 Angular 库中导入`Component`装饰器。
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像往常一样,从 Angular 库中导入`Component`装饰器。
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1. We import the `Hero` model we just created.
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parent component. None of this concerns us now and these future changes won't affect our form.
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为`model`和`powers`定义了供演示用的假数据。
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将来,可以注入一个服务来获取和保存真实数据,
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将来,可以注入服务来获取和保存真实数据,
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或者暴露这些属性为[输入与输出属性](./template-syntax.html#inputs-outputs),绑定到父组件上。
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我们目前不关心这些,因为这些未来的变化不会影响到我们的表单。
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先不关心这些,因为这些未来的变化不会影响到表单。
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1. We threw in a `diagnostic` property at the end to return a JSON representation of our model.
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It'll help us see what we're doing during our development; we've left ourselves a cleanup note to discard it later.
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我们在最后增加一个`diagnostic`属性,它返回这个模型的JSON形式。
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在开发过程中,它用于调试,最后清理时我们会丢弃它。
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在最后增加`diagnostic`属性,它返回这个模型的JSON形式。
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在开发过程中,它用于调试,最后清理时会丢弃它。
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Why don't we write the template inline in the component file as we often do
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elsewhere in the Developer Guide?
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这次我们为什么不像在开发指南其它地方那样,以内联的方式把模板写在组件文件中呢?
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这次为什么不像在开发指南其它地方那样,以内联的方式把模板写在组件文件中呢?
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There is no “right” answer for all occasions. We like inline templates when they are short.
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Most form templates won't be short. TypeScript and JavaScript files generally aren't the best place to
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write (or read) large stretches of HTML and few editors are much help with files that have a mix of HTML and code.
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We also like short files with a clear and obvious purpose like this one.
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没有什么答案在所有场合都总是“正确”的。当内联模板足够短的时候,我们更喜欢用它。
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没有什么答案在所有场合都总是“正确”的。当模板足够短的时候,内联形式更招人喜欢。
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但大多数的表单模板都不短。通常,TypeScript 和 JavaScript 文件不是写(读)大型 HTML 的好地方,
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而且没有几个编辑器能对混写的 HTML 和代码提供足够的帮助。
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我们还是喜欢清晰明确的短文件,像这个一样。
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我们还是喜欢内容清晰、目标明确的短文件,像这个一样。
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We made a good choice to put the HTML template elsewhere.
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We'll write that template in a moment. Before we do, we'll take a step back
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1. We add the `FormsModule` to the list of `imports` defined in the `ngModule` decorator. This gives our application
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access to all of the template-driven forms features, including `ngModel`.
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把`FormsModule`添加到`ngModule`装饰器的`imports`列表中。使应用能访问模板驱动表单的所有特性,包括`ngModel`。
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把`FormsModule`添加到`ngModule`装饰器的`imports`列表中,这样应用就能访问模板驱动表单的所有特性,包括`ngModel`。
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1. We add the `HeroFormComponent` to the list of `declarations` defined in the `ngModule` decorator. This makes
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the `HeroFormComponent` component visible throughout this module.
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把`HeroFormComponent`添加到`ngModule`装饰器的`declarations`列表中。使`HeroFormComponent`组件在整个模块中可见。
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把`HeroFormComponent`添加到`ngModule`装饰器的`declarations`列表中,使`HeroFormComponent`组件在整个模块中可见。
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.alert.is-important
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:marked
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If a component, directive, or pipe belongs to a module in the `imports` array, _DON'T_ declare it in the `declarations` array.
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If you wrote it and it should belong to this module, _DO_ declare it in the `declarations` array.
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||||
如果一个组件、指令或管道出现在模块的`imports`数组中,_不要_把它声明在`declarations`数组中。
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如果组件、指令或管道出现在模块的`imports`数组中,_不要_把它声明在`declarations`数组中。
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如果它是你自己写的,并且属于当前模块,_就要_把它声明在`declarations`数组中。
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.l-main-section
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@ -367,7 +368,7 @@ code-example(format="").
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`app.component.ts` is the application's root component. It will host our new `HeroFormComponent`.
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`app.component.ts`是本应用的根组件,`HeroFormComponent`将被放在其中。
|
||||
`app.component.ts`是应用的根组件,`HeroFormComponent`将被放在其中。
|
||||
|
||||
Replace the contents of the "QuickStart" version with the following:
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -390,7 +391,7 @@ code-example(format="").
|
|||
:marked
|
||||
## Create an initial HTML Form Template
|
||||
|
||||
## 创建一个初始 HTML 表单模板
|
||||
## 创建初始 HTML 表单模板
|
||||
|
||||
Create a new template file called `hero-form.component.html` and give it the following definition:
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -411,11 +412,11 @@ code-example(format="").
|
|||
|
||||
We've got a *Submit* button at the bottom with some classes on it for styling.
|
||||
|
||||
我们在底部有一个 *Submit* 按钮,它有一些 CSS 样式类。
|
||||
底部有个 *Submit* 按钮,具有一些 CSS 样式类。
|
||||
|
||||
**We are not using Angular yet**. There are no bindings. No extra directives. Just layout.
|
||||
|
||||
**我们还没有用到Angular**。没有绑定,没有额外的指令,只有布局。
|
||||
**还没有真正用到Angular**。没有绑定,没有额外的指令,只有布局。
|
||||
|
||||
The `container`, `form-group`, `form-control`, and `btn` classes
|
||||
come from [Twitter Bootstrap](http://getbootstrap.com/css/). Purely cosmetic.
|
||||
|
@ -423,8 +424,7 @@ code-example(format="").
|
|||
Hey, what's a form without a little style!
|
||||
|
||||
`container`、`form-group`、`form-control`和`btn`类来自 [Twitter Bootstrap](http://getbootstrap.com/css/)。纯粹是装饰。
|
||||
我们使用 Bootstrap 来美化我们的表单。
|
||||
嘿,一点样式都没有的表单算个啥!
|
||||
我们使用 Bootstrap 来美化表单。嘿,一点样式都没有的表单算个啥!
|
||||
|
||||
.callout.is-important
|
||||
header Angular Forms Do Not Require A Style Library
|
||||
|
@ -442,13 +442,13 @@ code-example(format="").
|
|||
:marked
|
||||
Let's add the stylesheet.
|
||||
|
||||
我们来添加样式表。
|
||||
添加样式表。
|
||||
|
||||
ol
|
||||
li
|
||||
p Open a terminal window in the application root folder and enter the command:
|
||||
|
||||
p 在应用的根目录下打开一个终端窗口,敲如下命令:
|
||||
p 在应用的根目录下打开终端窗口,输入如下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
code-example(language="html" escape="html").
|
||||
npm install bootstrap --save
|
||||
|
@ -469,15 +469,15 @@ ol
|
|||
Our hero may choose one super power from a fixed list of Agency-approved powers.
|
||||
We maintain that list internally (in `HeroFormComponent`).
|
||||
|
||||
英雄可以从由认证过的固定列表中选择一项超能力。
|
||||
我们在`HeroFormComponent`中内部维护这个列表。
|
||||
英雄可以从认证过的固定列表中选择一项超能力。
|
||||
这个列表位于`HeroFormComponent`中。
|
||||
|
||||
We'll add a `select` to our
|
||||
form and bind the options to the `powers` list using `ngFor`,
|
||||
a technique we might have seen before in the [Displaying Data](./displaying-data.html) chapter.
|
||||
|
||||
在表单中添加`select`,用`ngFor`把`powers`列表绑定到列表选项。
|
||||
前面我们应该在[显示数据](./displaying-data.html)一章中见过`ngFor`。
|
||||
我们在之前的[显示数据](./displaying-data.html)一章中见过`ngFor`。
|
||||
|
||||
Add the following HTML *immediately below* the *Alter Ego* group.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -489,8 +489,8 @@ ol
|
|||
The `p` template input variable is a different power in each iteration;
|
||||
we display its name using the interpolation syntax with the double-curly-braces.
|
||||
|
||||
我们为列表中的每一项超能力渲染出一个`<option>`标签。
|
||||
模板输入变量`p`在每个迭代指向一个不同的超能力,使用双花括号插值表达式语法来显示它的名称。
|
||||
列表中的每一项超能力都会渲染成`<option>`标签。
|
||||
模板输入变量`p`在每个迭代指向不同的超能力,使用双花括号插值表达式语法来显示它的名称。
|
||||
|
||||
<a id="ngModel"></a>
|
||||
.l-main-section
|
||||
|
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
The diagnostic is evidence that we really are flowing values from the input box to the model and
|
||||
back again. **That's two-way data binding!**
|
||||
|
||||
诊断信息是一个证据,表明数据确实从输入框流动到模型,再反向流动回来。**这就是双向数据绑定!**
|
||||
诊断信息可以证明,数据确实从输入框流动到模型,再反向流动回来。**这就是双向数据绑定!**
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that we also added a `name` attribute to our `<input>` tag and set it to "name"
|
||||
which makes sense for the hero's name. Any unique value will do, but using a descriptive name is helpful.
|
||||
|
@ -602,11 +602,11 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
- Each input element has an `id` property that is used by the `label` element's `for` attribute
|
||||
to match the label to its input control.
|
||||
|
||||
每一个 input 元素都有一个`id`属性,`label`元素的`for`属性用它来匹配到对应的输入控件。
|
||||
每个 input 元素都有`id`属性,`label`元素的`for`属性用它来匹配到对应的输入控件。
|
||||
|
||||
- Each input element has a `name` property that is required by Angular Forms to register the control with the form.
|
||||
|
||||
每一个 input 元素都有一个`name`属性,Angular 表单用它注册控件。
|
||||
每个 input 元素都有`name`属性,Angular 表单用它注册控件。
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
If we ran the app right now and changed every Hero model property, the form might display like this:
|
||||
|
@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
|
||||
The punctuation in the binding syntax, <span style="font-family:courier"><b>[()]</b></span>, is a good clue to what's going on.
|
||||
|
||||
绑定语法中的<span style="font-family:courier"><b>[()]</b></span>是一个很好的线索。
|
||||
绑定语法中的<span style="font-family:courier"><b>[()]</b></span>是很好的线索。
|
||||
|
||||
In a Property Binding, a value flows from the model to a target property on screen.
|
||||
We identify that target property by surrounding its name in brackets, <span style="font-family:courier"><b>[]</b></span>.
|
||||
|
@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
模板表达式中的另一个古怪之处是`model.name = $event`。
|
||||
之前看到的`$event`对象来自DOM事件。
|
||||
但`ngModelChange`属性不会生成DOM事件 —— 它是Angular `EventEmitter`类型的属性,当它触发时,
|
||||
它返回的是输入框的值 —— 也正是我们希望赋给模型`name`属性的值。
|
||||
它返回的是输入框的值 —— 也正是希望赋给模型`name`属性的值。
|
||||
|
||||
Nice to know but is it practical? We almost always prefer `[(ngModel)]`.
|
||||
We might split the binding if we had to do something special in
|
||||
|
@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
|
||||
A form isn't just about data binding. We'd also like to know the state of the controls on our form.
|
||||
|
||||
表单不仅是关于数据绑定的。我们还希望知道表单中各个控件的状态。
|
||||
表单不仅是关于数据绑定的。我们还想知道表单中各个控件的状态。
|
||||
|
||||
Using `ngModel` in a form gives us more than just two way data binding. It also tells us if the user touched the control, if the value changed, or if the value became invalid.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ table
|
|||
Let's add a temporary [template reference variable](./template-syntax.html#ref-vars) named **spy**
|
||||
to the "Name" `<input>` tag and use the spy to display those classes.
|
||||
|
||||
我们往姓名`<input>`标签上添加一个名叫 **spy** 的临时[模板引用变量](./template-syntax.html#local-vars),
|
||||
往姓名`<input>`标签上添加名叫 **spy** 的临时[模板引用变量](./template-syntax.html#local-vars),
|
||||
然后用这个 spy 来显示它上面的所有 CSS 类。
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExample('forms/ts/app/hero-form.component.html', 'ngModelName-2','app/hero-form.component.html (excerpt)')(format=".")
|
||||
|
@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
strong visual signal when the data are invalid and we want to mark required fields.
|
||||
So we add custom CSS for visual feedback.
|
||||
|
||||
(`ng-valid` | `ng-invalid`)这一对是我们最感兴趣的。当数据变得无效时,我们希望发出一个强力的视觉信号,
|
||||
(`ng-valid` | `ng-invalid`)这一对是我们最感兴趣的。当数据变得无效时,我们希望发出强力的视觉信号,
|
||||
还想要标记出必填字段。可以通过加入自定义 CSS 来提供视觉反馈。
|
||||
|
||||
**Delete** the `#spy` template reference variable and `TODO` as they have served their purpose.
|
||||
|
@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
|
||||
We update the `<head>` of the `index.html` to include this style sheet.
|
||||
|
||||
我们更新`index.html`中的`<head>`来包含这个样式表。
|
||||
更新`index.html`中的`<head>`来包含这个样式表。
|
||||
+makeExample('forms/ts/index.html', 'styles', 'index.html (节选)')(format=".")
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
## Show and Hide Validation Error messages
|
||||
|
@ -882,11 +882,11 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
|
||||
1. a [template reference variable](./template-syntax.html#ref-vars)
|
||||
|
||||
一个[模板引用变量](./template-syntax.html#ref-vars)
|
||||
[模板引用变量](./template-syntax.html#ref-vars)
|
||||
|
||||
1. the "*is required*" message in a nearby `<div>` which we'll display only if the control is invalid.
|
||||
|
||||
“is required”消息,放在邻近的一个`<div>`元素中,只有当控件无效时,才显示它。
|
||||
“is required”消息,放在邻近的`<div>`元素中,只有当控件无效时,才显示它。
|
||||
|
||||
Here's how we do it for the *name* input box:
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -931,16 +931,16 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
we'll see the error message immediately, before we've done anything.
|
||||
|
||||
这种用户体验取决于开发人员的选择。有些人会希望任何时候都显示这条消息。
|
||||
如果忽略了`pristine`状态,我们就会只在值有效时隐藏此消息。
|
||||
如果往这个组件中传入一个全新(空)的英雄,或者一个无效的英雄,将立刻看到错误信息 —— 虽然我们还啥都没做。
|
||||
如果忽略了`pristine`状态,就会只在值有效时隐藏此消息。
|
||||
如果往这个组件中传入全新(空)的英雄,或者无效的英雄,将立刻看到错误信息 —— 虽然我们还啥都没做。
|
||||
|
||||
Some folks find that behavior disconcerting. They only want to see the message when the user makes an invalid change.
|
||||
Hiding the message while the control is "pristine" achieves that goal.
|
||||
We'll see the significance of this choice when we [add a new hero](#new-hero) to the form.
|
||||
|
||||
有些人会为这种行为感到不安。它们希望只有在用户做出一个无效的更改时才显示这个消息。
|
||||
有些人会为这种行为感到不安。它们希望只有在用户做出无效的更改时才显示这个消息。
|
||||
如果当控件是“全新”状态时也隐藏消息,就能达到这个目的。
|
||||
在往表单中[添加一个新英雄](#new-hero)时,将看到这种选择的重要性。
|
||||
在往表单中[添加新英雄](#new-hero)时,将看到这种选择的重要性。
|
||||
|
||||
The Hero *Alter Ego* is optional so we can leave that be.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
We place a "New Hero" button at the bottom of the form and bind its click event to a component method.
|
||||
|
||||
我们希望在这个表单中添加新的英雄。
|
||||
在表单的底部放一个“New Hero(新增英雄)”按钮,并把它的点击事件绑定到组件方法。
|
||||
在表单的底部放置“New Hero(新增英雄)”按钮,并把它的点击事件绑定到组件方法。
|
||||
+makeExample('forms/ts/app/hero-form.component.html',
|
||||
'new-hero-button',
|
||||
'app/hero-form.component.html (新增英雄按钮)')
|
||||
|
@ -989,8 +989,8 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
Enter a name and click *New Hero* again.
|
||||
This time we see an error message! Why? We don't want that when we display a new (empty) hero.
|
||||
|
||||
输入一个名字,再次点击 *New Hero* 按钮。
|
||||
这次,出现了错误信息!为什么?我们不希望显示一个新(空)的英雄时,出现错误信息。
|
||||
输入名字,再次点击 *New Hero* 按钮。
|
||||
这次,出现了错误信息!为什么?我们不希望显示新(空)的英雄时,出现错误信息。
|
||||
|
||||
Inspecting the element in the browser tools reveals that the *name* input box is no longer pristine.
|
||||
Replacing the hero *did not restore the pristine state* of the control.
|
||||
|
@ -1010,9 +1010,9 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
We add an `active` flag to the component, initialized to `true`. When we add a new hero,
|
||||
we toggle `active` false and then immediately back to true with a quick `setTimeout`.
|
||||
|
||||
可以使用一个小花招来重置表单控件。
|
||||
给组件添加一个`active`标记,初始化为`true`。当添加一个新的英雄时,把`active`标记设置为`false`,
|
||||
再通过一个快速的`setTimeout`函数迅速把它设置回`true`。
|
||||
可以用个小花招来重置表单控件。
|
||||
给组件添加`active`标记,初始化为`true`。当添加新的英雄时,把`active`标记设置为`false`,
|
||||
再通过快速的`setTimeout`函数迅速把它设置回`true`。
|
||||
+makeExample('forms/ts/app/hero-form.component.ts',
|
||||
'new-hero',
|
||||
'app/hero-form.component.ts (新增英雄 - 最终版)')(format=".")
|
||||
|
@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
and bind it to the `HeroFormComponent.submit()` method with an event binding
|
||||
|
||||
仅仅触发“表单提交”在目前是没用的。
|
||||
要让它有用,我们还要用另一个 Angular 指令更新`<form>`标签 —— `NgSubmit`,
|
||||
要让它有用,还要用另外的 Angular 指令更新`<form>`标签 —— `NgSubmit`,
|
||||
并且通过事件绑定把它绑定到`HeroFormComponent.submit()`方法。
|
||||
+makeExample('forms/ts/app/hero-form.component.html', 'ngSubmit')(format=".")
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
We slipped in something extra there at the end! We defined a
|
||||
template reference variable, **`#heroForm`**, and initialized it with the value, "ngForm".
|
||||
|
||||
上面代码的最后出现一些额外的东西!定义了一个模板引用变量**`#heroForm`**,并初始化为"ngForm"。
|
||||
上面代码的最后出现一些额外的东西!定义了模板引用变量**`#heroForm`**,并初始化为"ngForm"。
|
||||
|
||||
The variable `heroForm` is now a reference to the `NgForm` directive that governs the form as a whole.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
|
||||
`NgForm`指令为`form`元素扩充了额外的特性。
|
||||
它持有通过`ngModel`指令和`name`属性为各个元素创建的那些控件,并且监视它们的属性变化,包括有效性。
|
||||
它还有自己的`valid`属性,只有当*每一个被包含的控件*都有效时,它才有效。
|
||||
它还有自己的`valid`属性,只有当*其中所有控件*都有效时,它才有效。
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
Later in the template we bind the button's `disabled` property to the form's over-all validity via
|
||||
|
@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
|
||||
1. Define a template reference variable on the (enhanced) form element
|
||||
|
||||
定义一个模板引用变量,放在(强化过的)form 元素上
|
||||
定义模板引用变量,放在(强化过的)form 元素上
|
||||
|
||||
2. Reference that variable in a button some 50 lines away.
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -1147,8 +1147,8 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
If you're not interested, you can skip to the chapter's conclusion
|
||||
and not miss a thing.
|
||||
|
||||
对演示来说,这是一个平淡的收场。老实说,即使让它更出彩,也无法教给我们任何关于表单的新知识。
|
||||
但这是锻炼我们新学到的绑定技能的好机会。
|
||||
对演示来说,这个收场很平淡的。老实说,即使让它更出彩,也无法教给我们任何关于表单的新知识。
|
||||
但这是练习新学到的绑定技能的好机会。
|
||||
如果你不感兴趣,可以跳到本章的总结部分,不用担心错失任何东西。
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
|
@ -1170,7 +1170,7 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
the `submitted` property is false until we submit the form,
|
||||
as this fragment from the `HeroFormComponent` reminds us:
|
||||
|
||||
主表单从一开始就是可见的,因为`submitted`属性是false,直到我们提交了这个表单。
|
||||
主表单从一开始就是可见的,因为`submitted`属性是false,直到提交了这个表单。
|
||||
来自`HeroFormComponent`的代码片段告诉了我们这一点:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExample('forms/ts/app/hero-form.component.ts', 'submitted')(format=".")
|
||||
|
@ -1179,26 +1179,26 @@ figure.image-display
|
|||
When we click the Submit button, the `submitted` flag becomes true and the form disappears
|
||||
as planned.
|
||||
|
||||
当我们点击 Submit 按钮时,`submitted`标志会变成 true,并且表单像预想中一样消失了。
|
||||
当点击 Submit 按钮时,`submitted`标志会变成 true,并且表单像预想中一样消失了。
|
||||
|
||||
Now we need to show something else while the form is in the submitted state.
|
||||
Add the following block of HTML below the `<div>` wrapper we just wrote:
|
||||
|
||||
现在,当表单处于已提交状态时,需要显示一些别的东西。
|
||||
在我们刚刚写的`<div>`包装下方,添加下列HTML块:
|
||||
在刚刚写的`<div>`包装下方,添加下列HTML块:
|
||||
+makeExample('forms/ts/app/hero-form.component.html', 'submitted', 'app/hero-form.component.html (节选)')
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
There's our hero again, displayed read-only with interpolation bindings.
|
||||
This slug of HTML only appears while the component is in the submitted state.
|
||||
|
||||
我们的英雄又来了,它通过插值表达式绑定显示为只读内容。
|
||||
英雄又出现了,它通过插值表达式绑定显示为只读内容。
|
||||
这一小段 HTML 只在组件处于已提交状态时才会显示。
|
||||
|
||||
We added an Edit button whose click event is bound to an expression
|
||||
that clears the `submitted` flag.
|
||||
|
||||
添加了一个“Edit(编辑)”按钮,它的click事件绑定到一个表达式,用于清除`submitted`标志。
|
||||
添加了“Edit(编辑)”按钮,将click事件绑定到表达式,用于清除`submitted`标志。
|
||||
|
||||
When we click it, this block disappears and the editable form reappears.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue