review of server-communication is done.
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@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ block includes
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[HTTP](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616) is the primary protocol for browser/server communication.
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[HTTP](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616) is the primary protocol for browser/server communication.
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[HTTP](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616)是浏览器和服务器之间通讯的主要协议。
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[HTTP](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616)是浏览器和服务器之间通讯的主要协议。
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.l-sub-section
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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:marked
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The [`WebSocket`](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455) protocol is another important communication technology;
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The [`WebSocket`](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455) protocol is another important communication technology;
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@ -33,32 +34,55 @@ block includes
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ul
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ul
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li #[a(href="#http-client") HTTP client sample overview]
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li #[a(href="#http-client") HTTP client sample overview]
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li #[a(href="#http-client") HTTP客户端范例概览]
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li #[a(href="#http-client") HTTP客户端范例概览]
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li #[a(href="#fetch-data") Fetch data with http.get]
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li #[a(href="#fetch-data") Fetch data with http.get]
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li #[a(href="#fetch-data") 通过http.get获取数据]
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li #[a(href="#fetch-data") 通过http.get获取数据]
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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li #[a(href="#rxjs") RxJS Observable of HTTP Responses]
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li #[a(href="#rxjs") RxJS Observable of HTTP Responses]
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li #[a(href="#rxjs") HTTP响应中的RxJS 可观察对象(Observable)]
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li #[a(href="#rxjs") HTTP响应中的RxJS 可观察对象(Observable)]
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li #[a(href="#enable-rxjs-operators") Enabling RxJS Operators]
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li #[a(href="#enable-rxjs-operators") Enabling RxJS Operators]
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li #[a(href="#enable-rxjs-operators") 启用RxJS操作(Operator)函数]
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li #[a(href="#enable-rxjs-operators") 启用RxJS操作(Operator)函数]
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li #[a(href="#extract-data") Extract JSON data]
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li #[a(href="#extract-data") Extract JSON data]
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li #[a(href="#extract-data") 提取JSON数据]
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li #[a(href="#extract-data") 提取JSON数据]
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li #[a(href="#error-handling") Error handling]
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li #[a(href="#error-handling") Error handling]
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li #[a(href="#error-handling") 错误处理]
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li #[a(href="#error-handling") 错误处理]
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li #[a(href="#update") Send data to the server]
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li #[a(href="#update") Send data to the server]
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li #[a(href="#update") 把数据发送到服务器]
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li #[a(href="#update") 把数据发送到服务器]
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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li #[a(href="#promises") Promises instead of observables]
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li #[a(href="#promises") Promises instead of observables]
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li #[a(href="#promises") 使用承诺(Promise)来取代可观察对象(Observable)]
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li #[a(href="#promises") 使用承诺(Promise)来取代可观察对象(Observable)]
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li #[a(href="#cors") Cross-origin requests: Wikipedia example]
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li #[a(href="#cors") Cross-origin requests: Wikipedia example]
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li #[a(href="#cors") 跨域请求:Wikipedia例子]
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li #[a(href="#cors") 跨域请求:Wikipedia例子]
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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ul
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ul
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li #[a(href="#search-parameters") Set query string parameters]
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li #[a(href="#search-parameters") Set query string parameters]
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li #[a(href="#search-parameters") 设置查询参数]
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li #[a(href="#search-parameters") 设置查询参数]
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li #[a(href="#more-observables") Debounce search term input]
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li #[a(href="#more-observables") Debounce search term input]
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li #[a(href="#more-observables") 限制搜索框条目输入频率]
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li #[a(href="#more-observables") 限制搜索框条目输入频率]
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li #[a(href="#in-mem-web-api") Appendix: the in-memory web api service]
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li #[a(href="#in-mem-web-api") Appendix: the in-memory web api service]
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li #[a(href="#in-mem-web-api") 附录:内存中的Web API服务]
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li #[a(href="#in-mem-web-api") 附录:内存中的Web API服务]
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p.
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p.
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We illustrate these topics with code that you can
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We illustrate these topics with code that you can
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.l-main-section
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.l-main-section
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h1 Demos
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h1 Demos
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h1 演示
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h1 演示
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p This chapter describes server communication with the help of the following demos
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p This chapter describes server communication with the help of the following demos
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p 本章通过下面这些演示,描述了服务端通讯的用法。
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p 本章通过下面这些演示,描述了服务端通讯的用法。
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ul
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ul
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block demos-list
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block demos-list
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li #[a(href="#http-client") HTTP client: Tour of Heroes with Observables]
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li #[a(href="#http-client") HTTP client: Tour of Heroes with Observables]
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@ -103,7 +131,9 @@ block rxjs-import
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首先,我们必须配置应用程序,才能使用服务器通讯设施。
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首先,我们必须配置应用程序,才能使用服务器通讯设施。
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.l-main-section
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.l-main-section
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h1#http-providers Providing HTTP Services
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h1#http-providers Providing HTTP Services
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h1#http-providers 提供HTTP服务
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h1#http-providers 提供HTTP服务
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:marked
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:marked
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We use the !{_Angular_Http} client to communicate with a server using a familiar HTTP request/response protocol.
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We use the !{_Angular_Http} client to communicate with a server using a familiar HTTP request/response protocol.
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The `#{_Http}` client is one of a family of services in the !{_Angular_http_library}.
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The `#{_Http}` client is one of a family of services in the !{_Angular_http_library}.
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a#HeroListComponent
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a#HeroListComponent
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:marked
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:marked
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## The *HeroListComponent* class
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## The *HeroListComponent* class
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## *HeroListComponent*类
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## *HeroListComponent*类
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Here's the component class:
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Here's the component class:
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下面是这个组件类:
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下面是这个组件类:
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@ -341,7 +373,9 @@ block rxjs
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.l-main-section
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.l-main-section
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:marked
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:marked
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# RxJS Library
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# RxJS Library
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# RxJS库
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# RxJS库
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[RxJS](https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxJS) ("Reactive Extensions") is a 3rd party library, endorsed by Angular,
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[RxJS](https://github.com/ReactiveX/RxJS) ("Reactive Extensions") is a 3rd party library, endorsed by Angular,
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that implements the [*asynchronous observable*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHI0AzD_WfY "Rob Wormald on observables") pattern.
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that implements the [*asynchronous observable*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHI0AzD_WfY "Rob Wormald on observables") pattern.
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HTTP客户端更需要它。经过一个关键步骤,我们才能让RxJS可观察对象可用。
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HTTP客户端更需要它。经过一个关键步骤,我们才能让RxJS可观察对象可用。
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### Enable RxJS Operators
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### Enable RxJS Operators
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### 启用RxJS操作符
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### 启用RxJS操作符
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The RxJS library is quite large.
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The RxJS library is quite large.
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Size matters when we build a production application and deploy it to mobile devices.
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Size matters when we build a production application and deploy it to mobile devices.
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We should include only those features that we actually need.
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We should include only those features that we actually need.
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a#extract-data
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a#extract-data
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:marked
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:marked
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## Process the response object
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## Process the response object
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## 处理Response响应对象
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## 处理Response响应对象
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Remember that our `getHeroes()` method mapped the `#{_priv}http.get` response object to heroes with an `#{_priv}extractData` helper method:
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Remember that our `getHeroes()` method mapped the `#{_priv}http.get` response object to heroes with an `#{_priv}extractData` helper method:
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记住,`getHeroes()`借助一个`#{_priv}extractData`辅助方法来把`#{_priv}http.get`的响应对象映射成了英雄列表:
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记住,`getHeroes()`借助一个`#{_priv}extractData`辅助方法来把`#{_priv}http.get`的响应对象映射成了英雄列表:
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要让它在应用程序中可用,我们就必须把这个响应数据解析成一个JSON对象。
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要让它在应用程序中可用,我们就必须把这个响应数据解析成一个JSON对象。
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#### Parse to JSON
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#### Parse to JSON
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#### 解析成JSON
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#### 解析成JSON
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block parse-json
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block parse-json
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:marked
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:marked
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并非所有服务器都会返回一个带`data`属性的对象。
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并非所有服务器都会返回一个带`data`属性的对象。
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:marked
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:marked
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### Do not return the response object
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### Do not return the response object
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### 不要返回响应(Response)对象
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### 不要返回响应(Response)对象
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Our `getHeroes()` could have returned the HTTP response. Bad idea!
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Our `getHeroes()` could have returned the HTTP response. Bad idea!
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The point of a data service is to hide the server interaction details from consumers.
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The point of a data service is to hide the server interaction details from consumers.
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The component that calls the `HeroService` wants heroes.
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The component that calls the `HeroService` wants heroes.
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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.callout.is-important
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.callout.is-important
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header HTTP GET is delayed
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header HTTP GET is delayed
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header HTTP的GET方法被推迟执行了
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header HTTP的GET方法被推迟执行了
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:marked
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:marked
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The `#{_priv}http.get` does **not send the request just yet!** This observable is
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The `#{_priv}http.get` does **not send the request just yet!** This observable is
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a#error-handling
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a#error-handling
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:marked
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:marked
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### Always handle errors
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### Always handle errors
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### 总是处理错误
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### 总是处理错误
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Whenever we deal with I/O we must be prepared for something to go wrong as it surely will.
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Whenever we deal with I/O we must be prepared for something to go wrong as it surely will.
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a#subscribe
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a#subscribe
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a#hero-list-component
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a#hero-list-component
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h4 #[b HeroListComponent] error handling
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h4 #[b HeroListComponent] error handling
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h4 #[b HeroListComponent] 错误处理
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h4 #[b HeroListComponent] 错误处理
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block hlc-error-handling
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block hlc-error-handling
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:marked
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:marked
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.l-main-section
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.l-main-section
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:marked
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:marked
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## Send data to the server
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## Send data to the server
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## 往服务器发送数据
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## 往服务器发送数据
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So far we've seen how to retrieve data from a remote location using an HTTP service.
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So far we've seen how to retrieve data from a remote location using an HTTP service.
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:marked
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:marked
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### Headers
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### Headers
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### 请求头(Headers)
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### 请求头(Headers)
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The `Content-Type` header allows us to inform the server that the body will represent JSON.
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The `Content-Type` header allows us to inform the server that the body will represent JSON.
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:marked
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:marked
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### Body
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### Body
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### 请求体(Body)
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### 请求体(Body)
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Despite the content type being specified as JSON, the POST body must actually be a *string*.
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Despite the content type being specified as JSON, the POST body must actually be a *string*.
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:marked
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:marked
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### JSON results
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### JSON results
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### JSON结果
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### JSON结果
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As with `getHeroes()`, we [extract the data](#extract-data) from the response using the
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As with `getHeroes()`, we [extract the data](#extract-data) from the response using the
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block promises
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block promises
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h2#promises Fall back to Promises
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h2#promises Fall back to Promises
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h2#promises 倒退为承诺(Promise)
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h2#promises 倒退为承诺(Promise)
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:marked
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:marked
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Although the Angular `http` client API returns an `Observable<Response>` we can turn it into a
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Although the Angular `http` client API returns an `Observable<Response>` we can turn it into a
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这个[StackOverflow上的答案](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2067472/what-is-jsonp-all-about/2067584#2067584)覆盖了关于JSONP的很多细节。
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这个[StackOverflow上的答案](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2067472/what-is-jsonp-all-about/2067584#2067584)覆盖了关于JSONP的很多细节。
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:marked
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:marked
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### Search wikipedia
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### Search wikipedia
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### 搜索Wikipedia
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### 搜索Wikipedia
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Let's build a simple search that shows suggestions from wikipedia as we type in a text box.
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Let's build a simple search that shows suggestions from wikipedia as we type in a text box.
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<a id="wikicomponent"></a>
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<a id="wikicomponent"></a>
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:marked
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:marked
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### The WikiComponent
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### The WikiComponent
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### WikiComponent组件
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### WikiComponent组件
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Now that we have a service that can query the Wikipedia API,
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Now that we have a service that can query the Wikipedia API,
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The component presents an `<input>` element *search box* to gather search terms from the user.
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The component presents an `<input>` element *search box* to gather search terms from the user.
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and calls a `search(term)` method after each `keyup` event.
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and calls a `search(term)` method after each `keyup` event.
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该组件把一个`<input>`元素作为*搜索框*作为从用户那里手机搜索关键字的入口。
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该组件有一个`<input>`元素,它是用来从用户获取搜索关键词的*搜索框*。
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并在每次`keyup`事件被触发时,调用`search(term)`方法。
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在每次`keyup`事件被触发时,它调用`search(term)`方法。
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The `search(term)` method delegates to our `WikipediaService` which returns an observable array of string results (`Observable<string[]`).
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The `search(term)` method delegates to our `WikipediaService` which returns an observable array of string results (`Observable<string[]`).
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Instead of subscribing to the observable inside the component as we did in the `HeroListComponent`,
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Instead of subscribing to the observable inside the component as we did in the `HeroListComponent`,
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we forward the observable result to the template (via `items`) where the [async pipe](pipes.html#async-pipe)
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we forward the observable result to the template (via `items`) where the [async pipe](pipes.html#async-pipe)
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in the `ngFor` handles the subscription.
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in the `ngFor` handles the subscription.
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`search(term)`方法委托我们的`WikipediaService`服务来完成实际操作。该服务返回的是一个字符串数组的可观察对象(`Observable<string[]`)。
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`search(term)`方法委托我们的`WikipediaService`服务来完成实际操作。该服务返回的是一个字符串数组的可观察对象(`Observable<string[]>`)。
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该组件的内部订阅了这个可观察对象,就像我们曾在`HeroListComponent`中所做的那样,
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该组件的内部订阅了这个可观察对象,就像我们曾在`HeroListComponent`中所做的那样,
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我们把这个可观察对象作为结果传给模板(通过`items`属性),模板中`ngFor`上的[async(异步)管道](pipes.html#async-pipe)会对这个订阅进行处理。
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我们把这个可观察对象作为结果传给模板(通过`items`属性),模板中`ngFor`上的[async(异步)管道](pipes.html#async-pipe)会对这个订阅进行处理。
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.l-sub-section
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.l-sub-section
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|
||||||
但我们不能在`HeroListComponent`中使用这个管道,这是因为“添加新英雄”特性会把一个新创建的英雄追加到英雄列表中。
|
但我们不能在`HeroListComponent`中使用这个管道,这是因为“添加新英雄”特性会把一个新创建的英雄追加到英雄列表中。
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
## Our wasteful app
|
## Our wasteful app
|
||||||
## 我们这个奢侈的应用
|
|
||||||
|
## 奢侈的应用程序
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Our wikipedia search makes too many calls to the server.
|
Our wikipedia search makes too many calls to the server.
|
||||||
It is inefficient and potentially expensive on mobile devices with limited data plans.
|
It is inefficient and potentially expensive on mobile devices with limited data plans.
|
||||||
|
@ -913,18 +965,21 @@ block wikipedia-jsonp+
|
||||||
这样效率很低,而且在流量受限的移动设备上会显得过于昂贵。
|
这样效率很低,而且在流量受限的移动设备上会显得过于昂贵。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 1. Wait for the user to stop typing
|
### 1. Wait for the user to stop typing
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 1. 等用户停止输入
|
### 1. 等用户停止输入
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
At the moment we call the server after every key stroke.
|
At the moment we call the server after every key stroke.
|
||||||
The app should only make requests when the user *stops typing* .
|
The app should only make requests when the user *stops typing* .
|
||||||
Here's how it *should* work — and *will* work — when we're done refactoring:
|
Here's how it *should* work — and *will* work — when we're done refactoring:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
现在,我们会在每次按键之后调用服务器。
|
我们目前会在每次按键之后调用服务器。
|
||||||
但合理的方式是只在用户*停止输入*之后才发起请求。
|
但合理的方式是只在用户*停止输入*之后才发起请求。
|
||||||
这是它*应该*而且*即将使用*的工作方式,我们马上就重构它:
|
这是它*应该*而且*即将使用*的工作方式,我们马上就重构它。
|
||||||
figure.image-display
|
figure.image-display
|
||||||
img(src='/resources/images/devguide/server-communication/wiki-2.gif' alt="Wikipedia search app (v.2)" width="250")
|
img(src='/resources/images/devguide/server-communication/wiki-2.gif' alt="Wikipedia search app (v.2)" width="250")
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### 2. Search when the search term changes
|
### 2. Search when the search term changes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 2. 当搜索关键字变化了才搜索
|
### 2. 当搜索关键字变化了才搜索
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Suppose the user enters the word *angular* in the search box and pauses for a while.
|
Suppose the user enters the word *angular* in the search box and pauses for a while.
|
||||||
|
@ -940,6 +995,7 @@ block wikipedia-jsonp+
|
||||||
搜索关键词仍然是“angular”。这时应用程序不应该发起另一个请求。
|
搜索关键词仍然是“angular”。这时应用程序不应该发起另一个请求。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 3. Cope with out-of-order responses
|
### 3. Cope with out-of-order responses
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 3. 对付乱序响应体
|
### 3. 对付乱序响应体
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The user enters *angular*, pauses, clears the search box, and enters *http*.
|
The user enters *angular*, pauses, clears the search box, and enters *http*.
|
||||||
|
@ -965,6 +1021,7 @@ block wikipedia-jsonp+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<a id="more-observables"></a>
|
<a id="more-observables"></a>
|
||||||
## More fun with Observables
|
## More fun with Observables
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Observable的更多乐趣
|
## Observable的更多乐趣
|
||||||
We can address these problems and improve our app with the help of some nifty observable operators.
|
We can address these problems and improve our app with the help of some nifty observable operators.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -1005,6 +1062,7 @@ block wikipedia-jsonp+
|
||||||
+makeExample('server-communication/ts/app/wiki/wiki-smart.component.ts', 'subject')(format='.')
|
+makeExample('server-communication/ts/app/wiki/wiki-smart.component.ts', 'subject')(format='.')
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### Listen for search terms
|
### Listen for search terms
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 监听搜索关键字
|
### 监听搜索关键字
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Earlier, we passed each search term directly to the service and bound the template to the service results.
|
Earlier, we passed each search term directly to the service and bound the template to the service results.
|
||||||
|
@ -1054,11 +1112,13 @@ a#in-mem-web-api
|
||||||
.l-main-section
|
.l-main-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
## Appendix: Tour of Heroes in-memory server
|
## Appendix: Tour of Heroes in-memory server
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## 附录:《英雄指南》的内存(in-memory)服务器
|
## 附录:《英雄指南》的内存(in-memory)服务器
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If we only cared to retrieve data, we could tell Angular to get the heroes from a `heroes.json` file like this one:
|
If we only cared to retrieve data, we could tell Angular to get the heroes from a `heroes.json` file like this one:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
如果我们只关心获取到的数据,我们可以告诉Angular从一个从一个`heroes.json`文件中获取英雄列表,就像这样:
|
如果我们只关心获取到的数据,我们可以告诉Angular从一个`heroes.json`文件中获取英雄列表,就像这样:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
+makeJson('server-communication/ts/app/heroes.json', null, 'app/heroes.json')(format=".")
|
+makeJson('server-communication/ts/app/heroes.json', null, 'app/heroes.json')(format=".")
|
||||||
.l-sub-section
|
.l-sub-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue