对上次的合并查漏补缺
This commit is contained in:
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@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ block hero-list-comp-add-hero
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It's easy to do and a promise-based version looks much like the observable-based version in simple cases.
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虽然Angular的`http`客户端API返回的是`Observable<Response>`类型的对象,但我们也可以把它转成
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[Promise<Response>](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise)。
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[`Promise<Response>`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise)。
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这很容易,并且在简单的场景中,一个基于承诺(Promise)的版本看起来很像基于可观察对象(Observable)的版本。
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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@ -698,8 +698,8 @@ p.
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p.
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<code>app.component.html</code>显示了这个可下载的Angular Logo
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<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/angular/angular.io/master/public/resources/images/logos/angular2/angular.png" target="_blank">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/angular/angular.io/master/public/resources/images/logos/angular2/angular.png" height="40px" title="download Angular logo"></a>。
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<a href="/resources/images/logos/angular2/angular.png" target="_blank">
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<img src="/resources/images/logos/angular2/angular.png" height="40px" title="download Angular logo"></a>。
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+makeTabs(
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`webpack/ts/src/vendor.ts,
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@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ block includes
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guides.
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这份“快速起步”的目标是基于#{_Lang}构建并运行一个超级简单的Angular应用,
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并为文档其余部分的范例代码建立开发环境。
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同时,它还可以作为构建真实应用的基础。
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同时,它还会建立一个用于本指南中这些范例代码的公用开发环境。
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.callout.is-helpful
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header Don't want #{_Lang}?
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@ -290,69 +289,105 @@ block install-packages
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:marked
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Create the file `app/app.module.ts` with the following content:
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使用下列内容创建`app/app.module.ts`文件:
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+makeExample('app/app.module.1.ts')(format='.')
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:marked
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This is the entry point to your application.
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这里是应用的入口点。
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Since the QuickStart application is a web application that runs in a browser, your root module
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needs to import the
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[`BrowserModule`](../latest/api/platform-browser/index/BrowserModule-class.html)
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from `@angular/platform-browser` to the `imports` array.
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由于QuickStart是一个运行在浏览器中的Web应用,所以根模块需要从`@angular/platform-browser`中导入[`BrowserModule`](../latest/api/platform-browser/index/BrowserModule-class.html)并添加到`imports`数组中。
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This is the smallest amount of Angular that is needed for a minimal application to run in the
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browser.
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这是要让一个最小的应用在浏览器中运行时,对Angular的最低需求。
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The QuickStart application doesn't do anything else, so you don't need any other modules. In a real
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application, you'd likely import [`FormsModule`](../latest/api/forms/index/FormsModule-class
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.html) as well as [`RouterModule`](../latest/api/router/index/RouterModule-class.html) and
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[`HttpModule`](../latest/api/http/index/HttpModule-class.html). These are introduced in the
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[Tour of Heroes Tutorial](../tutorial/).
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QuickStart应用不做别的,也就先不需要其他模块。在真实的应用中,我们可能还得导入[`FormsModule`](../latest/api/forms/index/FormsModule-class
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.html)、[`RouterModule`](../latest/api/router/index/RouterModule-class.html)和
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[`HttpModule`](../latest/api/http/index/HttpModule-class.html)。这些会在[英雄指南教程](../tutorial/)中引入。
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.l-main-section
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h1#root-component Step !{step++}: Create a component and add it to your application
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h1#root-component 步骤3:创建组件并添加到应用中
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:marked
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Every Angular application has at least one component: the _root component_, named `AppComponent`
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here.
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每个Angular应用都至少有一个组件:*根组件*,这里名叫`AppComponent`。
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Components are the basic building blocks of Angular applications. A component controls a portion
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of the screen—a *view*—through its associated template.
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组件是Angualr应用的基本构造块。每个组件都会通过与它相关的模板来控制屏幕上的一小块(视图)。
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a#app-component
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p.
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#[b Create the component file]
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#[code #[+adjExPath('app/app.component.ts')]] with the following content:
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p.
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#[b 使用下列内容创建组件文件]
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#[code #[+adjExPath('app/app.component.ts')]]:
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+makeExample('app/app.component.ts')
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:marked
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The QuickStart application has the same essential structure as any other Angular component:
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QuickStart应用具有和其它Angular组件相同的基本结构:
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* **An import statement**. Importing gives your component access to
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Angular's core [`@Component` decorator function](../latest/api/core/index/Component-decorator
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.html).
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* **一个import语句**。它让你能访问Angular核心库中的[`@Component`装饰器函数](../latest/api/core/index/Component-decorator.html)。
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* **A @Component #{_decorator}** that associates *metadata* with the
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`AppComponent` component class:
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* **一个@Component#{_decoratorCn}**,它会把一份*元数据*关联到`AppComponent`组件类上:
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- a *selector* that specifies a simple CSS selector for an HTML element that represents
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the component.
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- *selector*为用来代表该组件的HTML元素指定一个简单的CSS选择器。
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- a *template* that tells Angular how to render the component's view.
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- *template*用来告诉Angular如何渲染该组件的视图。
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* **A component class** that controls the appearance and behavior of a view
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* **组件类**通过它的模板来控制视图的外观和行为
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through its template. Here, you only have the root component, `AppComponent`. Since you don't
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need any application logic in the simple QuickStart example, it's empty.
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这里,你只有一个根组件`AppComponent`。由于这个简单的QuickStart范例中并不需要应用逻辑,因此它是空的。
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You *export* the `AppComponent` class so that you can *import* it into the application that you
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just created.
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我们还要*导出*这个`AppComponent`类,以便让刚刚创建的这个应用导入它。
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Edit the file `app/app.module.ts` to import your new `AppComponent` and add it in the
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declarations and bootstrap fields in the `NgModule` decorator:
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编辑`app/app.module.ts`文件,导入这个新的`AppComponent`,并把它添加到`NgModule`装饰器中的`declarations`和`bootstrap`字段:
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+makeExample('app/app.module.ts', null, title='app/app.module.ts')
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.l-main-section
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h1#main Step !{step++}: Start up your application
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h1#main 步骤4:启动应用
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block create-main
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:marked
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@ -372,15 +407,22 @@ block create-main
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:marked
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This code initializes the platform that your application runs in, then uses the platform to
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bootstrap your `!{_AppModuleVsAppComp}`.
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这些代码初始化了应用所在的平台,然后使用此平台引导你的`!{_AppModuleVsAppComp}`。
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### Why create separate *<span ngio-ex>main.ts</span>*<span if-docs="ts">, app module</span> and app component files?
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### 为什么要分别创建*<span ngio-ex>main.ts</span>*<span if-docs="ts">、应用模块</span>和应用组件的文件呢?
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App bootstrapping is a separate concern from<span if-docs="ts"> creating a module or</span>
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presenting a view. Testing the component is much easier if it doesn't also try to run the entire application.
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应用的引导过程与<span if-docs="ts">创建模块或者</span>展现视图是相互独立的关注点。如果该组件不会试图运行整个应用,那么测试它就会更容易。
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.callout.is-helpful
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header Bootstrapping is platform-specific
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header 引导过程是与平台有关的
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:marked
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Because the QuickStart application runs directly in the browser, `main.ts` imports the
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@ -399,6 +441,7 @@ block create-main
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.l-main-section
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h1#index Step !{step++}: Define the web page that hosts the application
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h1#index 步骤5:定义该应用的宿主页面
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:marked
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In the *#{_indexHtmlDir}* folder,
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create an `index.html` file and paste the following lines into it:
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@ -411,22 +454,34 @@ h1#index Step !{step++}: Define the web page that hosts the application
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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:marked
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The noteworthy sections here are:
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这里值得注意的地方有:
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* JavaScript libraries: `core-js` polyfills for older browsers, the `zone.js` and
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`reflect-metadata` libraries needed by Angular, and the `SystemJS` library for module loading.
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* JavaScript库:`core-js`是为老式浏览器提供的填充库,`zone.js`和`reflect-metadata`库是Angular需要的,而`SystemJS`库是用来做模块加载的。
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* Configuration file for `SystemJS`, and a script
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where you import and run the `app` module which refers to the `main` file that you just
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wrote.
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* `SystemJS`的配置文件和一段脚本,它导入并运行了我们刚刚在`main`文件中写的`app`模块。
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* The [`<my-app>`](#my-app) tag in the `<body>` which is *where your app lives!*
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* `<body>`中的[`<my-app>`](#my-app)标签是*应用程序生活的地方!*
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:marked
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## Add some style
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## 添加一些样式
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Styles aren't essential, but they're nice, and `index.html` assumes that you have
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a stylesheet called `styles.css`.
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样式不是必须的,但能让应用更漂亮。`index.html`中假定有一个叫做`styles.css`的样式表。
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Create a `styles.css` file in the *#{_indexHtmlDir}* folder, and start styling,
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perhaps with the minimal styles shown below.
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在*#{_indexHtmlDir}*目录下创建一个`style.css`文件,并且用下面列出的最小化样式作为初始样式。
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+makeExcerpt('styles.css (excerpt)', 'quickstart')
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@ -452,11 +507,18 @@ aside.is-right
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[Read more](https://github.com/angular/quickstart/blob/master/README.md#npm-scripts) about
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other useful npm scripts included in this example's `package.json`.
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到[这里](https://github.com/angular/quickstart/blob/master/README.md#npm-scripts)了解更多关于`package.json`中其它脚本的知识。
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:marked
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That command runs the following two parallel node processes:
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该命令会同时运行两个并行的node进程:
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* The TypeScript compiler in watch mode.
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* TypeScript编译器运行在监听模式。
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* A static file server called _lite-server_ that loads `index.html` in a browser
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and refreshes the browser when application files change.
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* 一个名叫*lite-server*的静态文件服务器,它把`index.html`加载到浏览器中,并且在该应用中的文件发生变化时刷新浏览器。
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In a few moments, a browser tab should open and display the following:
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h1 Step !{step++}: Make some live changes
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:marked
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Try changing the message in `app/app.component.ts` to "My SECOND Angular 2 App".
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尝试把`app/app.component.ts`中的消息修改成"My SECOND Angular 2 App"。
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block server-watching
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:marked
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The TypeScript compiler and `lite-server` will detect your change, recompile the TypeScript into JavaScript,
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refresh the browser, and display your revised message.
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TypeScript编译器和`lite-server`将会检测这些修改,重新把TypeScript编译成JavaScript,刷新浏览器,并显示修改过的消息。
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Close the terminal window when you're done to terminate both the compiler and the server.
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当终止了编译器和服务器之后,可以关闭terminal窗口。
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.l-main-section
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h1#wrap-up Wrap up and next steps
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h1#wrap-up 收工,下一步
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:marked
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The final project folder structure looks like this:
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项目的最终目录结构看起来是这样的:
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block project-file-structure
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.filetree
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.file angular2-quickstart
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@ -506,20 +576,34 @@ block project-file-structure
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:marked
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To see the file contents, open the <live-example></live-example>.
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要查看文件的内容,请打开<live-example></live-example>。
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.l-main-section
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:marked
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## What next?
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## 下一步干什么?
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This first application doesn't do much. It's basically "Hello, World" for Angular 2.
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第一个应用没做什么,它只是一个Angular 2的"Hello, World"而已。
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You wrote a little Angular component, created a simple `index.html`, and launched with a
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static file server.
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我们写了一个很小的Angular组件,递减了一个简单的`index.html`,并且启动了一个静态文件服务器。
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+ifDocsFor('ts')
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:marked
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You also created the basic application setup that you'll re-use for other
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sections in this guide. From here, the changes you'll make in the
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`package.json` or `index.html` files are only minor updates to add libraries or some css
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stylesheets. You also won't need to revisit module loading again.
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我们还设置了一个基本的应用环境,你可以把它用在本指南的其它部分。以后,我们对`package.json`和`index.html`的修改将仅限于添加库或一些css样式,不用再需要修改模块加载部分。
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:marked
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To take the next step and build a small application that demonstrates real features that you can
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build with Angular, carry on to the [Tour of Heroes tutorial](./tutorial)!
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下一步我们会开始构建一个小型的应用,用于示范能通过Angular构建的真实特性。
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来吧!开始[“英雄指南”教程](./tutorial)!
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@ -1108,6 +1108,8 @@ block extract-id
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:marked
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Delete the `<h1>` at the top (forgot about it during the `AppComponent`-to-`HeroesComponent` conversion).
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删除顶部的`<h1>`(在从`AppComponent`转到`HeroesComponent`期间可以先忘掉它)。
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Delete the last line of the template with the `<my-hero-detail>` tags.
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删除模板最后带有`<my-hero-detail>`标签的那一行。
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|
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|
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ block http-library
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It's Angular's optional approach to web access and it exists as a separate add-on module called `@angular/http`,
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shipped in a separate script file as part of the Angular npm package.
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`Http`***并不是***Angular的核心模块。
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`HttpModule`***并不是***Angular的核心模块。
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它是Angular用来进行Web访问的一种可选方式,并通过Angular包中一个名叫`@angular/http`的独立附属模块发布了出来。
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Fortunately we're ready to import from `@angular/http` because `systemjs.config` configured *SystemJS* to load that library when we need it.
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|
@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ block get-heroes-details
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仔细看看这个由服务器返回的数据的形态。
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这个*内存Web API*的范例中所做的是返回一个带有`data`属性的对象。
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你的API也可以返回其它东西。
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你的API也可以返回其它东西。请调整这些代码以匹配*你的Web API*。
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:marked
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The caller is unaware of these machinations. It receives a !{_Promise} of *heroes* just as it did before.
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@ -356,10 +356,16 @@ block get-heroes-details
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.l-main-section
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:marked
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## Update hero details
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## 更新英雄详情
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We can edit a hero's name already in the hero detail view. Go ahead and try
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it. As we type, the hero name is updated in the view heading.
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But when we hit the `Back` button, the changes are lost!
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我们已经可以在英雄详情中编辑英雄的名字了。来试试吧。在输入的时候,页头上的英雄名字也会随之更新。
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不过当我们点了后退按钮时,这些更新就丢失了。
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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Updates weren't lost before, what's happening?
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|
@ -367,28 +373,42 @@ block get-heroes-details
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hero objects in the single, app-wide shared list. Now that we are fetching data
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from a server, if we want changes to persist, we'll need to write them back to
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the server.
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以前是不会丢失更新的,现在是怎么回事?
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当该应用使用mock出来的英雄列表时,修改的是一份全局共享的英雄列表,而现在改成了从服务器获取数据。
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如果我们希望这些更改被持久化,我们就得把它们写回服务器。
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:marked
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||||
### Save hero details
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### 保存英雄详情
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||||
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Let's ensure that edits to a hero's name aren't lost. Start by adding,
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to the end of the hero detail template, a save button with a `click` event
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binding that invokes a new component method named `save`:
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我们先来确保对英雄名字的编辑不会丢失。先在英雄详情模板的底部添加一个“保存”按钮,它绑定了一个`click`事件,事件中调用组件中一个名叫`save`的新方法:
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+makeExcerpt('app/hero-detail.component.html', 'save')
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:marked
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The `save` method persists hero name changes using the hero service
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`update` method and then navigates back to the previous view:
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|
||||
`save`方法使用hero服务的`update`方法来持久化对英雄名字的修改,然后导航回前一个页面:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'save')
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
### Hero service `update` method
|
||||
|
||||
### hero服务的`update`方法
|
||||
|
||||
The overall structure of the `update` method is similar to that of
|
||||
`getHeroes`, although we'll use an HTTP _put_ to persist changes
|
||||
server-side:
|
||||
|
||||
`update`方法的大致结构与`getHeroes`类似,不过我们使用HTTP的*put*方法来把修改持久化到服务端:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/hero.service.ts', 'update')
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -397,51 +417,80 @@ block get-heroes-details
|
|||
the URL. The put body is the JSON string encoding of the hero, obtained by
|
||||
calling `!{_JSON_stringify}`. We identify the body content type
|
||||
(`application/json`) in the request header.
|
||||
|
||||
我们通过一个编码在URL中的英雄id来告诉服务器应该更新哪个英雄。put的body是该英雄的JSON字符串,它是通过调用`!{_JSON_stringify}`得到的。
|
||||
并且在请求头中标记出的body的内容类型(`application/json`)。
|
||||
|
||||
Refresh the browser and give it a try. Changes to hero names should now persist.
|
||||
|
||||
刷新浏览器试一下,对英雄名字的修改确实已经被持久化了。
|
||||
|
||||
.l-main-section
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
## Add a hero
|
||||
|
||||
## 添加英雄
|
||||
|
||||
To add a new hero we need to know the hero's name. Let's use an input
|
||||
element for that, paired with an add button.
|
||||
|
||||
要添加一个新的英雄,我们得先知道英雄的名字。我们使用一个input元素和一个“add”按钮来拿到它。
|
||||
|
||||
Insert the following into the heroes component HTML, first thing after
|
||||
the heading:
|
||||
|
||||
把下列代码插入heroes组件的HTML中,放在紧挨着头部的地方:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/heroes.component.html', 'add')
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
In response to a click event, we call the component's click handler and then
|
||||
clear the input field so that it will be ready to use for another name.
|
||||
|
||||
在对click事件的响应中,我们要调用组建的click处理器,然后清空这个输入框,以便用来输入另一个名字。
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/heroes.component.ts', 'add')
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
When the given name is non-blank, the handler delegates creation of the
|
||||
named hero to the hero service, and then adds the new hero to our !{_array}.
|
||||
|
||||
当指定的名字不为空的时候,click处理器就会委托hero服务来创建一个具有此名字的英雄,并把这个新的英雄添加到我们的数组中。
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, we implement the `create` method in the `HeroService` class.
|
||||
|
||||
最后,我们在`HeroService`类中实现这个`create`方法。
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/hero.service.ts', 'create')
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
Refresh the browser and create some new heroes!
|
||||
|
||||
刷新浏览器,并创建一些新的英雄!
|
||||
|
||||
.l-main-section
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
## Delete a hero
|
||||
|
||||
## 删除一个英雄
|
||||
|
||||
Too many heroes?
|
||||
Let's add a delete button to each hero in the heroes view.
|
||||
|
||||
英雄太多了?
|
||||
我们在英雄列表视图中来为每个英雄添加一个删除按钮吧。
|
||||
|
||||
Add this button element to the heroes component HTML, right after the hero
|
||||
name in the repeated `<li>` tag:
|
||||
|
||||
把这个button元素添加到英雄列表组件的HTML中,把它放在`<li>`标签中的英雄名紧后边:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/heroes.component.html', 'delete', '')
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
The `<li>` element should now look like this:
|
||||
|
||||
`<li>`元素应该变成了这样:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/heroes.component.html', 'li-element')
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -450,8 +499,12 @@ block get-heroes-details
|
|||
click handling code stops the propagation of the click event — we
|
||||
don't want the `<li>` click handler to be triggered because that would
|
||||
select the hero that we are going to delete!
|
||||
|
||||
除了调用组件的`delete`方法之外,这个`delete`按钮的click处理器还应该阻止click事件向上冒泡 —— 我们并不希望触发`<li>`的事件处理器,否则它会选中我们要删除的这位英雄。
|
||||
|
||||
The logic of the `delete` handler is a bit trickier:
|
||||
|
||||
`delete`处理器的逻辑略复杂:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/heroes.component.ts', 'delete')
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -459,22 +512,33 @@ block get-heroes-details
|
|||
Of course, we delegate hero deletion to the hero service, but the component
|
||||
is still responsible for updating the display: it removes the deleted hero
|
||||
from the !{_array} and resets the selected hero if necessary.
|
||||
|
||||
当然,我们仍然把删除英雄的操作委托给了hero服务,不过该组件仍然正确的更新了显示:它从数组中移除了被删除的英雄,如果删除的是正选中的英雄,还会清空选择。
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
We want our delete button to be placed at the far right of the hero entry.
|
||||
This extra CSS accomplishes that:
|
||||
|
||||
我们希望删除按钮被放在英雄条目的最右边。
|
||||
于是CSS变成了这样:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/heroes.component.css', 'additions')
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
### Hero service `delete` method
|
||||
|
||||
### hero服务的`delete`方法
|
||||
|
||||
The hero service's `delete` method uses the _delete_ HTTP method to remove the hero from the server:
|
||||
|
||||
hero服务的`delete`方法使用HTTP的*delete*方法来从服务器上移除该英雄:
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/hero.service.ts', 'delete')
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
Refresh the browser and try the new delete functionality.
|
||||
|
||||
刷新浏览器,并试一下这个新的删除功能。
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
## !{_Observable}s
|
||||
|
@ -485,7 +549,7 @@ block observables-section-intro
|
|||
:marked
|
||||
Each `Http` service method returns an `Observable` of HTTP `Response` objects.
|
||||
|
||||
`Http`服务中的每个方法都返回一个Http `Response`对象的`Observable`实例。
|
||||
`Http`服务中的每个方法都返回一个HTTP `Response`对象的`Observable`实例。
|
||||
|
||||
Our `HeroService` converts that `Observable` into a `Promise` and returns the promise to the caller.
|
||||
In this section we learn to return the `Observable` directly and discuss when and why that might be
|
||||
|
@ -520,7 +584,7 @@ block observables-section-intro
|
|||
A single result in the form of a promise is easy for the calling component to consume
|
||||
and it helps that promises are widely understood by JavaScript programmers.
|
||||
|
||||
转换成承诺通常是更好地选择,我们通常要求`http`获取单块数据。只要接收到数据,就算完成。
|
||||
转换成承诺通常是更好地选择,我们通常会要求`http.get`获取单块数据。只要接收到数据,就算完成。
|
||||
使用承诺这种形式的结果是让调用方更容易写,并且承诺已经在JavaScript程序员中被广泛接受了。
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
But requests aren't always "one and done". We may start one request,
|
||||
|
@ -698,7 +762,7 @@ block observable-transformers
|
|||
until the service supports that feature, a topic for another day.
|
||||
We are content for now to discard unwanted results.
|
||||
|
||||
注意,_取消_`HeroSearchService`的可观察对象并不会实际中止(abort)一个未完成的http请求,除非有一天我们支持了这个特性,这个问题我们以后再讨论。
|
||||
注意,_取消_`HeroSearchService`的可观察对象并不会实际中止(abort)一个未完成的HTTP请求,除非有一天我们支持了这个特性,这个问题我们以后再讨论。
|
||||
目前我们的做法只是丢弃不希望的结果。
|
||||
|
||||
:marked
|
||||
|
@ -741,7 +805,7 @@ block observable-transformers
|
|||
:marked
|
||||
We load them all at once by importing `rxjs-extensions` at the top of `AppModule`.
|
||||
|
||||
我们在`AppModule`中导入`rxjs-extensions`就可以一次性加载它们。
|
||||
我们在顶级的`AppModule`中导入`rxjs-extensions`就可以一次性加载它们。
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt('app/app.module.ts', 'rxjs-extensions')(format='.')
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -763,7 +827,7 @@ block observable-transformers
|
|||
<span ngio-ex>hero-search.component.ts</span>
|
||||
and add it to the `!{_declarations}` !{_array}:
|
||||
|
||||
最后,从`'./hero-search.component.ts'` 导入`HeroSearchComponent`并将其添加到`declarations`数组中。
|
||||
最后,从<span ngio-ex>hero-search.component.ts</span>中导入`HeroSearchComponent`并将其添加到`declarations`数组中。
|
||||
|
||||
+makeExcerpt(declFile, 'search')
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue