feat(compiler): add support `::ng-deep`

- /deep/ is deprecated and being removed from Chrome
- >>> is semantically invalid in a stylesheet
- sass will no longer support either in any version of sass

-> use ::ng-deep in emulated shadow DOM mode

Because the deep combinator is deprecated in the CSS spec,
`/deep/`, `>>>` and `::ng-deep` are also deprecated in emulated shadow DOM mode
and will be removed in the future.

see https://www.chromestatus.com/features/6750456638341120

aio/content/guide/component-styles.md

@@ -119,12 +119,13 @@ if some ancestor element has the CSS class `theme-light`.
 
 
 
-### /deep/
+### (deprecated) `/deep/`, `>>>`, and `::ng-deep`
 
 Component styles normally apply only to the HTML in the component's own template. 
 
-Use the `/deep/` selector to force a style down through the child component tree into all the child component views.
-The `/deep/` selector works to any depth of nested components, and it applies to both the view
+Use the `/deep/` shadow-piercing descendant combinator to force a style down through the child
+component tree into all the child component views.
+The `/deep/` combinator works to any depth of nested components, and it applies to both the view
 children and content children of the component. 
 
 The following example targets all `<h3>` elements, from the host element down 
@@ -134,17 +135,24 @@ through this component to all of its child elements in the DOM.
 
 </code-example>
 
-The `/deep/` selector also has the alias `>>>`. You can use either interchangeably.
-
+The `/deep/` combinator also has the aliases `>>>`, and `::ng-deep`.
 
 <div class="alert is-important">
 
-Use the `/deep/` and `>>>` selectors only with *emulated* view encapsulation.
+Use `/deep/`, `>>>` and `::ng-deep` only with *emulated* view encapsulation.
 Emulated is the default and most commonly used view encapsulation. For more information, see the
 [Controlling view encapsulation](guide/component-styles#view-encapsulation) section.
 
 </div>
 
+<div class="alert is-important">
+
+The shadow-piercing descendant combinator is deprecated and [support is being removed from major browsers](https://www.chromestatus.com/features/6750456638341120) and tools.
+As such we plan to drop support in Angular (for all 3 of `/deep/`, `>>>` and `::ng-deep`).
+Until then `::ng-deep` should be preferred for a broader compatibility with the tools.
+
+</div>
+
 {@a loading-styles}
 
 ## Loading component styles

packages/compiler/src/shadow_css.ts

@@ -513,7 +513,11 @@ const _shadowDOMSelectorsRe = [
   /\/shadow-deep\//g,
   /\/shadow\//g,
 ];
-const _shadowDeepSelectors = /(?:>>>)|(?:\/deep\/)/g;
+
+// The deep combinator is deprecated in the CSS spec
+// Support for `>>>`, `deep`, `::ng-deep` is then also deprecated and will be removed in the future.
+// see https://github.com/angular/angular/pull/17677
+const _shadowDeepSelectors = /(?:>>>)|(?:\/deep\/)|(?:::ng-deep)/g;
 const _selectorReSuffix = '([>\\s~+\[.,{:][\\s\\S]*)?$';
 const _polyfillHostRe = /-shadowcsshost/gim;
 const _colonHostRe = /:host/gim;

packages/compiler/test/shadow_css_spec.ts

@@ -231,6 +231,19 @@ export function main() {
       expect(css).toEqual('x[a] y {}');
     });
 
+    it('should handle ::ng-deep', () => {
+      let css = '::ng-deep y {}';
+      expect(s(css, 'a')).toEqual('y {}');
+      css = 'x ::ng-deep y {}';
+      expect(s(css, 'a')).toEqual('x[a] y {}');
+      css = ':host > ::ng-deep .x {}';
+      expect(s(css, 'a', 'h')).toEqual('[h] > .x {}');
+      css = ':host ::ng-deep > .x {}';
+      expect(s(css, 'a', 'h')).toEqual('[h] > .x {}');
+      css = ':host > ::ng-deep > .x {}';
+      expect(s(css, 'a', 'h')).toEqual('[h] > > .x {}');
+    });
+
     it('should pass through @import directives', () => {
       const styleStr = '@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto");';
       const css = s(styleStr, 'a');