fix: 对《测试》进行微调
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Zhicheng Wang
Zhicheng Wang
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@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ The test consumes that spy in the same way it did earlier.
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Most test suites in this guide call `beforeEach()` to set the preconditions for each `it()` test
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and rely on the `TestBed` to create classes and inject services.
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本指南中的大多数的测试套件都会调用 `beforeEach()` 来为每个 `it()` 测试设置前置条件，并依赖 `TestBed` 来创建类和注入服务。
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本指南中的大多数的测试套件都会调用 `beforeEach()` 来为每个 `it()` 测试准备前置条件，并依赖 `TestBed` 来创建类和注入服务。
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There's another school of testing that never calls `beforeEach()` and
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and prefers to create classes explicitly rather than use the `TestBed`.
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@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ It also generates an initial test file for the component, `banner-external.compo
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#### Reduce the setup
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#### 缩减设置代码
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#### 缩减准备代码
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Only the last three lines of this file actually test the component
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and all they do is assert that Angular can create the component.
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@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ Rather than duplicate the `TestBed` configuration for each test,
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you refactor to pull the setup into a Jasmine `beforeEach()` and some supporting variables:
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随着该组件的成长，你将会添加更多测试。
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除了为每个测试都复制一份 `TestBed` 测试之外，你还可以把它们重构成 Jasmine 的 `beforeEach()` 中的设置语句以及一些支持性变量：
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除了为每个测试都复制一份 `TestBed` 测试之外，你还可以把它们重构成 Jasmine 的 `beforeEach()` 中的准备语句以及一些支持性变量：
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<code-example
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path="testing/src/app/banner/banner-initial.component.spec.ts"
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@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ a clone of the provided `userServiceStub`.
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#### Final setup and tests
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#### 最终的设置及测试代码
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#### 最终的准备及测试代码
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Here's the complete `beforeEach()`, using `TestBed.get()`:
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@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@ They should emulate such calls. The setup in this `app/twain/twain.component.spe
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当测试组件时，只应该关心服务的公共 API。
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通常来说，测试不应该自己向远端服务器发起调用。
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它们应该对这些调用进行仿真。`app/twain/twain.component.spec.ts` 中的设置代码展示了实现方式之一：
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它们应该对这些调用进行仿真。`app/twain/twain.component.spec.ts` 中的准备代码展示了实现方式之一：
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<code-example
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path="testing/src/app/twain/twain.component.spec.ts"
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@ -2146,7 +2146,7 @@ The `DashboardHeroComponent` is embedded in the `DashboardComponent` template li
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The `DashboardHeroComponent` appears in an `*ngFor` repeater, which sets each component's `hero` input property
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to the looping value and listens for the component's `selected` event.
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`DashboardHeroComponent`在`*ngFor`循环中出现，设置每个组件的`hero`input属性到迭代的值，并监听组件的`selected`事件。
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`DashboardHeroComponent`在`*ngFor`循环中出现，把每个组件的 `hero` input 属性设置为迭代的值，并监听组件的`selected`事件。
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Here's the component's full definition:
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@ -2216,7 +2216,7 @@ so, try the second and third options.
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Here's the meat of the spec file setup.
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下面是 spec 文件的设置语句中的重点部分。
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下面是 spec 文件的准备语句中的重点部分。
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<code-example
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path="testing/src/app/dashboard/dashboard-hero.component.spec.ts"
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@ -2430,7 +2430,7 @@ a constructor that injects multiple services,
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and it starts interacting with those services right away.
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固然，你也可以测试真实的 `DashboardComponent`。
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但要想这么做需要做很多设置工作，特别是它的模板中使用了某些特性，如 `*ngFor`、
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但要想这么做需要做很多准备工作，特别是它的模板中使用了某些特性，如 `*ngFor`、
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其它组件、布局 HTML、附加绑定、注入了多个服务的构造函数、如何用正确的方式与那些服务交互等。
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Imagine the effort to disable these distractions, just to prove a point
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@ -2466,7 +2466,7 @@ Later, the tests will be able to easily check `selectedHero` to verify that the
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The setup for the _test-host_ tests is similar to the setup for the stand-alone tests:
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这个*测试宿主*中的设置代码和独立测试中的设置过程类似：
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这个*测试宿主*中的准备代码和独立测试中的准备过程类似：
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<code-example path="testing/src/app/dashboard/dashboard-hero.component.spec.ts" region="test-host-setup" title="app/dashboard/dashboard-hero.component.spec.ts (test host setup)" linenums="false"></code-example>
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@ -2738,7 +2738,7 @@ When the `id` cannot be found, the component should re-route to the `HeroListCom
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The test suite setup provided the same router spy [described above](#routing-component) which spies on the router without actually navigating.
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测试套件的设置代码提供了一个和[前面](#routing-component)一样的路由器间谍，它会充当路由器的角色，而不用发起实际的导航。
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测试套件的准备代码提供了一个和[前面](#routing-component)一样的路由器间谍，它会充当路由器的角色，而不用发起实际的导航。
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This test expects the component to try to navigate to the `HeroListComponent`.
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@ -2831,7 +2831,7 @@ That's too much effort just to answer a few simple questions about links.
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This section describes two techniques for minimizing the setup.
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Use them, alone or in combination, to stay focused on the testing the primary component.
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本节会讲减少此类设置工作的两项技术。
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本节会讲减少此类准备工作的两项技术。
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单独使用或组合使用它们，可以让这些测试聚焦于要测试的主要组件上。
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{@a stub-component}
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@ -2950,7 +2950,7 @@ need to interact with them in some way.
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In practice you will combine the two techniques in the same setup,
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as seen in this example.
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在实践中，你可以在设置代码中组合使用这两种技术，例子如下：
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在实践中，你可以在准备代码中组合使用这两种技术，例子如下：
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<code-example
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path="testing/src/app/app.component.spec.ts"
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@ -2978,7 +2978,7 @@ and directives of the `RouterModule`.
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It requires challenging setup to mock and use in tests.
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真实的 `RouterLinkDirective` 太复杂了，而且与 `RouterModule` 中的其它组件和指令有着千丝万缕的联系。
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要在设置阶段 Mock 它以及在测试中使用它具有一定的挑战性。
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要在准备阶段 Mock 它以及在测试中使用它具有一定的挑战性。
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The `RouterLinkDirectiveStub` in this sample code replaces the real directive
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with an alternative version designed to validate the kind of anchor tag wiring
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@ -3340,7 +3340,7 @@ Error: ViewDestroyedError: Attempt to use a destroyed view
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A typical approach is to divide the setup logic into two separate `beforeEach()` functions:
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典型的做法是把设置逻辑拆成两个独立的 `beforeEach()` 函数：
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典型的做法是把准备逻辑拆成两个独立的 `beforeEach()` 函数：
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1. An async `beforeEach()` that compiles the components
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@ -3348,7 +3348,7 @@ A typical approach is to divide the setup logic into two separate `beforeEach()`
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1. A synchronous `beforeEach()` that performs the remaining setup.
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同步的 `beforeEach()` 负责执行其余的设置代码。
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同步的 `beforeEach()` 负责执行其余的准备代码。
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To follow this pattern, import the `async()` helper with the other testing symbols.
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@ -3377,7 +3377,7 @@ Write the first async `beforeEach` like this.
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The `async()` helper function takes a parameterless function with the body of the setup.
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`async()` 辅助函数接受一个无参函数，其内容是设置代码。
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`async()` 辅助函数接受一个无参函数，其内容是准备代码。
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The `TestBed.configureTestingModule()` method returns the `TestBed` class so you can chain
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calls to other `TestBed` static methods such as `compileComponents()`.
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@ -3424,7 +3424,7 @@ before calling `TestBed.createComponent()`.
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The second, synchronous `beforeEach()` contains the remaining setup steps,
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which include creating the component and querying for elements to inspect.
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第二个同步 `beforeEach()` 的例子包含剩下的设置步骤，
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第二个同步 `beforeEach()` 的例子包含剩下的准备步骤，
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包括创建组件和查询那些要检查的元素。
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<code-example
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@ -3440,7 +3440,7 @@ You can count on the test runner to wait for the first asynchronous `beforeEach`
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#### Consolidated setup
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#### 整理过的设置代码
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#### 整理过的准备代码
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You can consolidate the two `beforeEach()` functions into a single, async `beforeEach()`.
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@ -3451,7 +3451,7 @@ synchronous setup tasks _after_ compilation by moving the synchronous code
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into a `then(...)` callback.
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`compileComponents()` 方法返回一个承诺，所以你可以通过把同步代码移到 `then(...)` 回调中，
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以便在编译完成*之后* 执行那些同步设置任务。
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以便在编译完成*之后* 执行那些同步准备任务。
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<code-example
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path="testing/src/app/banner/banner-external.component.spec.ts"
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@ -3483,7 +3483,7 @@ The tests in this guide only call `compileComponents` when necessary.
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### Setup with module imports
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### 设置模块的 `imports`
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### 准备模块的 `imports`
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Earlier component tests configured the testing module with a few `declarations` like this:
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@ -3681,7 +3681,7 @@ What if `HeroDetailService` makes its own server requests?
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The `TestBed.overrideComponent` method can replace the component's `providers` with easy-to-manage _test doubles_
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as seen in the following setup variation:
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`TestBed.overrideComponent`方法可以将组件的`providers`替换为容易管理的**测试替身**，参见下面的设置变化：
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`TestBed.overrideComponent`方法可以将组件的`providers`替换为容易管理的**测试替身**，参见下面的变体准备代码：
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<code-example path="testing/src/app/hero/hero-detail.component.spec.ts" region="setup-override" title="app/hero/hero-detail.component.spec.ts (Override setup)" linenums="false"></code-example>
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@ -4055,7 +4055,7 @@ Here's a summary of the stand-alone functions, in order of likely utility:
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Runs the body of a test (`it`) or setup (`beforeEach`) function within a special _async test zone_.
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See [discussion above](#async).
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在一个特殊的* async 测试区域*中运行测试（`it`）的函数体或设置函数（`beforeEach`）。
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在一个特殊的* async 测试区域*中运行测试（`it`）的函数体或准备函数（`beforeEach`）。
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参见[前面的讨论](#async)。
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</td>
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@ -4548,7 +4548,7 @@ Here are the most important static methods, in order of likely utility.
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You may call this method _exactly once_. If you must change
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this default in the middle of your test run, call `resetTestEnvironment` first.
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这个方法只能被调用**一次**。如果确实需要在测试程序运行期间变换这个默认设置，那么先调用`resetTestEnvironment`。
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这个方法只能被调用**一次**。如果确实需要在测试程序运行期间改变这个默认设置，那么先调用`resetTestEnvironment`。
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Specify the Angular compiler factory, a `PlatformRef`, and a default Angular testing module.
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Alternatives for non-browser platforms are available in the general form
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@ -5342,7 +5342,7 @@ The component DOM tests describe in this guide often require extensive setup and
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advanced techniques where as the [class-only test](#component-class-testing)
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were comparatively simple.
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本指南中讲的组件 DOM 测试通常需要大量的准备工作以及高级技巧，不像[只用类的测试](#component-class-testing)那样简单。
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本指南中讲的组件 DOM 测试通常需要大量的准备工作以及高级技巧，不像[只针对类的测试](#component-class-testing)那样简单。
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Why not defer DOM integration tests to end-to-end (E2E) testing?
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