function CONST() {
  return (function(target) {
    return target;
  });
}

function CONST_EXPR(expr) {
  return expr;
}

function isPresent (x) {
  return !!x;
}

function isBlank (x) {
  return !x;
}

function isString(obj) {
  return typeof obj === 'string';
}

function isType (x) {
  return typeof x === 'function';
}

function isStringMap(obj) {
  return typeof obj === 'object' && obj !== null;
}

function isArray(obj) {
  return Array.isArray(obj);
}

function getTypeNameForDebugging (fn) {
  return fn.name || 'Root';
}

var PromiseWrapper = {
  resolve: function (reason) {
    return $q.when(reason);
  },

  reject: function (reason) {
    return $q.reject(reason);
  },

  catchError: function (promise, fn) {
    return promise.then(null, fn);
  },
  all: function (promises) {
    return $q.all(promises);
  }
};

var RegExpWrapper = {
  create: function(regExpStr, flags) {
    flags = flags ? flags.replace(/g/g, '') : '';
    return new RegExp(regExpStr, flags + 'g');
  },
  firstMatch: function(regExp, input) {
    regExp.lastIndex = 0;
    return regExp.exec(input);
  },
  matcher: function (regExp, input) {
    regExp.lastIndex = 0;
    return { re: regExp, input: input };
  }
};

var reflector = {
  annotations: function (fn) {
    //TODO: implement me
    return fn.annotations || [];
  }
};

var MapWrapper = {
  create: function() {
    return new Map();
  },

  get: function(m, k) {
    return m.get(k);
  },

  set: function(m, k, v) {
    return m.set(k, v);
  },

  contains: function (m, k) {
    return m.has(k);
  },

  forEach: function (m, fn) {
    return m.forEach(fn);
  }
};

var StringMapWrapper = {
  create: function () {
    return {};
  },

  set: function (m, k, v) {
    return m[k] = v;
  },

  get: function (m, k) {
    return m.hasOwnProperty(k) ? m[k] : undefined;
  },

  contains: function (m, k) {
    return m.hasOwnProperty(k);
  },

  keys: function(map) {
    return Object.keys(map);
  },

  isEmpty: function(map) {
    for (var prop in map) {
      if (map.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  },

  delete: function(map, key) {
    delete map[key];
  },

  forEach: function (m, fn) {
    for (var prop in m) {
      if (m.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
        fn(m[prop], prop);
      }
    }
  },

  equals: function (m1, m2) {
    var k1 = Object.keys(m1);
    var k2 = Object.keys(m2);
    if (k1.length != k2.length) {
      return false;
    }
    var key;
    for (var i = 0; i < k1.length; i++) {
      key = k1[i];
      if (m1[key] !== m2[key]) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  },

  merge: function(m1, m2) {
    var m = {};
    for (var attr in m1) {
      if (m1.hasOwnProperty(attr)) {
        m[attr] = m1[attr];
      }
    }
    for (var attr in m2) {
      if (m2.hasOwnProperty(attr)) {
        m[attr] = m2[attr];
      }
    }
    return m;
  }
};

var List = Array;
var ListWrapper = {
  clear: function (l) {
    l.length = 0;
  },

  create: function () {
    return [];
  },

  push: function (l, v) {
    return l.push(v);
  },

  forEach: function (l, fn) {
    return l.forEach(fn);
  },

  first: function(array) {
    if (!array)
      return null;
    return array[0];
  },

  last: function(array) {
    return (array && array.length) > 0 ? array[array.length - 1] : null;
  },

  map: function (l, fn) {
    return l.map(fn);
  },

  join: function (l, str) {
    return l.join(str);
  },

  reduce: function(list, fn, init) {
    return list.reduce(fn, init);
  },

  filter: function(array, pred) {
    return array.filter(pred);
  },

  concat: function(a, b) {
    return a.concat(b);
  },

  slice: function(l) {
    var from = arguments[1] !== (void 0) ? arguments[1] : 0;
    var to = arguments[2] !== (void 0) ? arguments[2] : null;
    return l.slice(from, to === null ? undefined : to);
  },

  maximum: function(list, predicate) {
    if (list.length == 0) {
      return null;
    }
    var solution = null;
    var maxValue = -Infinity;
    for (var index = 0; index < list.length; index++) {
      var candidate = list[index];
      if (isBlank(candidate)) {
        continue;
      }
      var candidateValue = predicate(candidate);
      if (candidateValue > maxValue) {
        solution = candidate;
        maxValue = candidateValue;
      }
    }
    return solution;
  }
};

var StringWrapper = {
  equals: function (s1, s2) {
    return s1 === s2;
  },

  split: function(s, re) {
    return s.split(re);
  },

  replaceAll: function(s, from, replace) {
    return s.replace(from, replace);
  },

  replaceAllMapped: function(s, from, cb) {
    return s.replace(from, function(matches) {
      // Remove offset & string from the result array
      matches.splice(-2, 2);
      // The callback receives match, p1, ..., pn
      return cb.apply(null, matches);
    });
  },

  contains: function(s, substr) {
    return s.indexOf(substr) != -1;
  }

};

//TODO: implement?
// I think it's too heavy to ask 1.x users to bring in Rx for the router...
function EventEmitter() {}

var BaseException = Error;

var ObservableWrapper = {
  callNext: function(ob, val) {
    ob.fn(val);
  },
  callEmit: function(ob, val) {
    ob.fn(val);
  },

  subscribe: function(ob, fn) {
    ob.fn = fn;
  }
};

// TODO: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/blob/master/src/ng/browser.js#L227-L265
var $__router_47_location__ = {
  Location: Location
};

function Location(){}
Location.prototype.subscribe = function () {
  //TODO: implement
};
Location.prototype.path = function () {
  return $location.path();
};
Location.prototype.go = function (url) {
  return $location.path(url);
};