.l-main-section
p.
Let's walk through how to display a property and a list of properties,
and then to conditionally show content
based on state. The final UI looks like this:
figure.image-display
img(src='displaying-data-example1.png')
.l-main-section
h2#section-create-an-entry-point Create entry points and pubspec
p.
Open your favorite editor and create a directory with
a web/main.dart
file,
a web/index.html
file, and
a pubspec.yaml
file:
code-tabs
code-pane(language="dart" name="main.dart" format="linenums").
// web/main.dart
library displaying_data;
import 'package:angular2/angular2.dart';
import 'package:angular2/src/reflection/reflection.dart' show reflector;
import 'package:angular2/src/reflection/reflection_capabilities.dart' show ReflectionCapabilities;
part 'show_properties.dart';
main() {
reflector.reflectionCapabilities = new ReflectionCapabilities();
bootstrap(DisplayComponent);
}
code-pane(language="html" name="index.html" format="linenums").
<!-- web/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<display></display>
<script type="application/dart" src="main.dart"></script>
<script src="packages/browser/dart.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
code-pane(language="yaml" name="pubspec.yaml" format="linenums").
# pubspec.yaml
name: displaying_data
description: Dart version of Angular 2 example, Displaying Data
version: 0.0.1
dependencies:
angular2: 2.0.0-alpha.22
browser: any
p.
All of this code should look familiar from the previous page,
except for the library
and part
statements
in main.dart
.
Those statements let you implement part of the app in a different Dart file.
All three of these files remain similar in the rest of the examples,
so we'll just focus on what's different.
.l-main-section
h2#section-showing-properties-with-interpolation Showing properties with interpolation
p.
The simple method for binding text into templates is through interpolation,
where you put the name of a property
inside {{ }}.
p.
To see this working, create a Dart file under web
named show_properties.dart
,
and add the following:
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
// web/show_properties.dart
part of displaying_data;
@Component(
selector: 'display'
)
@View(
template: '''
<p>My name: {{ myName }}</p>
'''
)
class DisplayComponent {
String myName = 'Alice';
}
p.
You've just defined a component that encompasses a view and controller for the app. The view
defines a template:
code-example(language="html").
<p>My name: {{ myName }}</p>
p.
Angular will automatically pull the value of myName
and
insert it into the browser,
automatically updating it whenever it changes.
.callout.is-helpful
header Note
p.
While you've used template:
to specify an inline view, for larger templates you'd
want to move them to a separate file and load them with templateUrl:
instead.
p.
One thing to notice is that although you've written
your DisplayComponent
class, you haven't
used new
to instantiate it.
Because your class is associated with <display>
elements in
the DOM, Angular automatically calls new
on
DisplayComponent
and bind its properties to
that part of the template.
p.
When you're building templates, data bindings like these have access to
the same scope of
properties as your controller class does.
Here your class is DisplayComponent
, which has
just one property, myName
.
p.
Add a second line to the template,
so you can see Angular dynamically update content:
code-example(language="html").
<p>Current time: {{ time }}</p>
p.
Then give the DisplayComponent
a starting value for time and
a call to update time
via setInterval
:
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
class DisplayComponent {
String myName = 'Alice';
String time;
Timer _timer;
DisplayComponent() {
_updateTime(null);
_timer = new Timer.periodic(new Duration(seconds: 1), _updateTime);
}
_updateTime(Timer _) {
time = new DateTime.now().toString();
}
}
p Reload the app, and you'll now see the seconds updating automatically.
.l-main-section
h2#Create-an-array Display an iterable using *for
p Moving up from a single value, create a property that's a list of values.
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
class DisplayComponent {
String myName = 'Alice';
List<String> friendNames = ['Aarav', 'Martín', 'Shannon', 'Ariana', 'Kai'];
}
p.
You can then use this list in your template with the for
directive to create copies of DOM elements
with one for each item in the list.
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
@View(
template: '''
<p>My name: {{ myName }}</p>
<p>Friends:</p>
<ul>
<li *for="#name of friendNames">
{{ name }}
</li>
</ul>
'''
)
p.
To make this work, you'll also need to add the Angular For
directive used by
the template to show_properties.dart
, so that Angular knows to include it.
Add For
using the optional directives
parameter,
which contains a list of directives:
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
@View(
template: '''
// ...HTML...
''',
directives: const[For]
)
p Reload and you've got your list of friends!
p.
Again, Angular will mirror changes you make to this list over in the DOM. Add a new item and it appears in your
list. Delete one and Angular deletes the <li>. Reorder items and Angular makes the corresponding reorder of
the DOM list.
p Let's look at the few lines that do the work again:
code-example(language="html" format="linenums").
<li *for="#name of friendNames">
{{ name }}
</li>
p The way to read this is:
ul
li.
*for
: Create a DOM element for each item in an
iterable
such as a list.
li #name
: Refer to individual values of the iterable as name
.
li of friendNames
: The iterable to use is called friendNames
in the current controller.
p Using this syntax, you can build UI lists from any iterable object.
.l-main-section
h2#Create-a-class Create a model and inject it
p.
Before we get too much further, we should mention that putting the model (list) directly into the controller isn't
proper form. We should separate the concerns by having another class serve the role of model and inject it into
the controller.
p.
Make a FriendsService
class to implement a model containing a list of friends. We'll put this in a new
friends_service.dart
under web/
. Here's what the class looks like:
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
// web/friends_service.dart
part of displaying_data;
class FriendsService {
List<String> friendNames = ['Aarav', 'Martín', 'Shannon', 'Ariana', 'Kai'];
}
.callout.is-helpful
header Note
p.
Remember to tie friends_service.dart
into the library's main file:
add part friends_service.dart
to main.dart
.
p.
Now you can replace the current list of friends in DisplayComponent.
First add a FriendsService parameter to the constructor.
Then set friendNames
to the names provided by the service.
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
// In web/show_properties.dart
class DisplayComponent {
String myName = 'Alice';
List friendNames;
DisplayComponent(FriendsService friendsService) {
friendNames = friendsService.names;
}
}
p.
Next, make FriendsService available to dependency injection
by adding an injectables
parameter to DisplayComponent's
@Component
annotation:
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
@Component(
selector: 'display',
injectables: const[FriendsService]
)
.l-main-section
h2#Conditionally-displaying-data-with-If Conditionally display data using *if
p.
Lastly, before we move on, let's handle showing parts of our UI conditionally with *if
. The
If
directive adds or removes elements from the DOM based on the expression you provide.
p See it in action by adding a paragraph at the end of your template:
code-example(language="html").
<p *if="names.length > 3">You have many friends!</p>
p.
Also add If
to the list of directives,
so Angular knows to include it:
code-example(language="dart").
directives: const[For, If]
p.
The list current has 5 items, so if you run the app you'll see the message
congratulating you on your many friends.
Remove two items from the list, reload your browser,
and see that the message no longer displays.
p Here's the final code.
code-tabs
code-pane(language="dart" name="show_properties.dart" format="linenums").
// web/show_properties.dart
part of displaying_data;
@Component(
selector: 'display',
injectables: const[FriendsService]
)
@View(
template: '''
<p>My name: {{ myName }}</p>
<p>Friends:</p>
<ul>
<li *for="#name of friendNames">
{{ name }}
</li>
</ul>
''',
directives: const[For]
)
class DisplayComponent {
String myName = 'Alice';
List<String> friendNames;
DisplayComponent(FriendsService friendsService) {
friendNames = friendsService.names;
}
}
code-pane(language="dart" name="friends_service.dart" format="linenums").
// web/friends_service.dart
part of displaying_data;
class FriendsService {
List<String> names = ['Aarav', 'Martín', 'Shannon', 'Ariana', 'Kai'];
}
code-pane(language="dart" name="main.dart" format="linenums").
// web/main.dart
library displaying_data;
import 'dart:async';
import 'package:angular2/angular2.dart';
import 'package:angular2/src/reflection/reflection.dart' show reflector;
import 'package:angular2/src/reflection/reflection_capabilities.dart' show ReflectionCapabilities;
part 'show_properties.dart';
part 'friends_service.dart';
main() {
reflector.reflectionCapabilities = new ReflectionCapabilities();
bootstrap(DisplayComponent);
}
code-pane(language="html" name="index.html" format="linenums").
<!-- web/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>
<display></display>
<script type="application/dart" src="main.dart"></script>
<script src="packages/browser/dart.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
code-pane(language="yaml" name="pubspec.yaml" format="linenums").
# pubspec.yaml
name: displaying_data
description: Dart version of Angular 2 example, Displaying Data
version: 0.0.1
dependencies:
angular2: 2.0.0-alpha.22
browser: any
.l-main-section
h2#section-explanations Explanations
.l-sub-section
h3 Using multiple Dart files in an Angular app
p.
Dart offers a few ways to implement an app in multiple files.
In this guide, all the code for each example is in a single library;
each Dart file under web
is part of that library.
p.
To let the code in main.dart
use the code in show_properties.dart
,
declare a library in main.dart
.
Then make show_properties.dart
part of that library.
code-tabs
code-pane(language="dart" name="main.dart" format="linenums").
// web/main.dart
library displaying_data;
// imports...
part 'show_properties.dart';
// Code goes here...
code-pane(language="dart" name="show_properties.dar" format="linenums").
// web/show_properties.dart
part of displaying_data;
// Code goes here...
p.
Another way to split Dart code is to
define multiple libraries in a single package.
The additional libraries go under a lib
directory
parallel to web
.
p.
Yet another approach, often used when some of the code is highly reusable,
is to split the code into libraries in two or more packages.
p.
For more information on implementing Dart libraries, see
Libraries and visibility
in the
Dart language tour.