# TypeScript to JavaScript
## Introduction
Anything you can do with Angular in _TypeScript_, you can also do
in JavaScript. Translating from one language to the other is mostly a
matter of changing the way you organize your code and access Angular APIs.
_TypeScript_ is a popular language option for Angular development.
Most code examples on the Internet as well as on this site are written in _TypeScript_.
This cookbook contains recipes for translating _TypeScript_
code examples to _ES6_ and to _ES5_ so that JavaScript developers
can read and write Angular apps in their preferred dialect.
Run and compare the live TypeScript and JavaScript
code shown in this cookbook.
## _TypeScript_ to _ES6_ to _ES5_
_TypeScript_
is a typed superset of _ES6 JavaScript_.
_ES6 JavaScript_ is a superset of _ES5 JavaScript_. _ES5_ is the kind of JavaScript that runs natively in all modern browsers.
The transformation of _TypeScript_ code all the way down to _ES5_ code can be seen as "shedding" features.
The downgrade progression is as follows:
* _TypeScript_ to _ES6-with-decorators_.
* _ES6-with-decorators_ to _ES6-without-decorators_ ("_plain ES6_").
* _ES6-without-decorators_ to _ES5_.
When translating from _TypeScript_ to _ES6-with-decorators_, remove
[class property access modifiers](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/classes.html#public-private-and-protected-modifiers)
such as `public` and `private`.
Remove most of the
[type declarations](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/basic-types.html),
such as `:string` and `:boolean`
but **keep the constructor parameter types, which are used for dependency injection**.
From _ES6-with-decorators_ to _plain ES6_, remove all
[decorators](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/decorators.html)
and the remaining types.
You must declare properties in the class constructor (`this.title = '...'`) rather than in the body of the class.
Finally, from _plain ES6_ to _ES5_, the main missing features are `import`
statements and `class` declarations.
For _plain ES6_ transpilation you can _start_ with a setup similar to the
[_TypeScript_ quickstart](https://github.com/angular/quickstart) and adjust the application code accordingly.
Transpile with [Babel](https://babeljs.io/) using the `es2015` preset.
To use decorators and annotations with Babel, install the
[`angular2`](https://github.com/shuhei/babel-plugin-angular2-annotations) preset as well.
{@a modularity}
## Importing and Exporting
### Importing Angular Code
In both _TypeScript_ and _ES6_, you import Angular classes, functions, and other members with _ES6_ `import` statements.
In _ES5_, you access the Angular entities of the [the Angular packages](guide/glossary#scoped-package)
through the global `ng` object.
Anything you can import from `@angular` is a nested member of this `ng` object:
### Exporting application code
Each file in a _TypeScript_ or _ES6_ Angular application constitutes an _ES6_ module.
When you want to make something available to other modules, you `export` it.
_ES5_ lacks native support for modules.
In an Angular _ES5_ application, you load each file manually by adding a `