342 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
342 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
include ../_util-fns
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<a id="top"></a>
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:marked
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Some developers prefer Visual Studio as their Interactive Development Environment (IDE).
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有些开发者喜欢用Visual Studio。
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This cookbook describes the steps required to set up and use the
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Angular 2 QuickStart files in Visual Studio 2015 within an ASP.NET 4.x project.
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本烹饪宝典介绍了在Visual Studio 2015的ASP.NET 4.x项目中，用Angular 2实现“快速起步”所需的步骤。
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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There is no *live example* for this cookbook because it describes Visual Studio, not the application.
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本烹饪宝典中没有*在线例子*，因为它介绍的是Visual Studio，而不是应用程序。
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.l-main-section
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<a id="asp-net-4"></a>
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:marked
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## ASP.NET 4.x Project
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## ASP.NET 4.x 项目
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The steps for setting up the QuickStart files with an ASP.NET 4.x project in
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Visual Studio 2015 are as follows:
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在Visual Studio的ASP.NET 4.x项目中实现“快速起步”的步骤如下：
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:marked
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- [Prerequisite](#prereq): Install Node.js
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- [前提条件](#prereq): 安装Node.js
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- [Step 1](#download): Download the QuickStart files
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- [第一步](#download): 下载“快速起步”的文件
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- [Step 2](#setup-vs): Set up Visual Studio for TypeScript
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- [第二步](#setup-vs): 设置Visual Studio，以支持TypeScript
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- [Step 3](#create-project): Create the Visual Studio ASP.NET project
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- [第三步](#create-project): 创建Visual Studio ASP.NET项目
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- [Step 4](#copy): Copy the QuickStart files into the ASP.NET project folder
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- [第四步](#copy): 把“快速起步”中的文件拷贝到ASP.NET的项目目录中
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- [Step 5](#restore): Restore required packages
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- [第五步](#restore): 恢复需要的包
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- [Step 6](#edit-config): Edit the TypeScript configuration file
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- [第六步](#edit-config): 编辑TypeScript配置文件
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- [Step 7](#build-and-run): Build and run the app
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- [第七步](#build-and-run): 构建和运行应用程序
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.l-main-section
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h2#prereq Prerequisite: Node.js
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h2#prereq 前提条件: Node.js
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:marked
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Install **[Node.js® and npm](https://nodejs.org/en/download/)**
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if they are not already on your machine.
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如果你的电脑里没有Node.js®和npm，请安装**[它们](https://nodejs.org/en/download/)**。
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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**Verify that you are running node version `4.4.x` - `5.x.x`, and npm `3.x.x`**
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by running `node -v` and `npm -v` in a terminal/console window.
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Older versions produce errors.
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在终端或者控制台中运行`node -v`和`npm -v`，**请确认你的Node版本为`4.4.x` - `5.x.x`，npm的版本为`3.x.x`**。老版本会引起错误。
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.l-main-section
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h2#download Step 1: Download the QuickStart files
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h2#download 第一步: 现在“快速起步”文件
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:marked
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[Download the QuickStart source](https://github.com/angular/quickstart)
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from github. If you downloaded as a zip file, extract the files.
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从github[下载“快速起步”的源代码](https://github.com/angular/quickstart)。如果下载的是一个压缩的zip文件，解压它。
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.l-main-section
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h2#setup-vs Step 2: Set up Visual Studio for TypeScript
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h2#setup-vs 第二步：设置Visual Studio，以支持TypeScript
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:marked
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Ensure you have the latest version of Visual Studio 2015 installed.
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Then open Visual Studio and install the latest set of TypeScript tools as follows:
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确保你的Visual Studio 2015是最新版本，然后打开Visual Studio并安装最新的TypeScript工具：
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* Open `Tools` | `Extensions and Updates`.
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* 打开`Tools` | `Extensions and Updates`。
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* Select `Online` in the tree on the left.
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* 在左侧目录树中选择`Online`。
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* Search for `TypeScript` using the search box in the upper right.
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* 在右上角的搜索框中搜`TypeScript`。
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* Select the most current available TypeScript version.
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* 选择最新版本的TypeScript。
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* Download and install the package.
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* 下载并安装依赖包。
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.l-main-section
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h2#create-project Step 3: Create the Visual Studio ASP.NET project
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h2#create-project 第三步: 创建Visual Studio ASP.NET项目
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:marked
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Create the ASP.NET 4.x project as follows:
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按照下面的步骤创建ASP.NET 4.x项目:
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* In Visual Studio, select `File` | `New` | `Project` from the menu.
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* 在Visual Studio中，选择`File` | `New` | `Project`菜单。
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* In the template tree, select `Templates` | `Visual C#` (or `Visual Basic`) | `Web`.
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* 在模板树中，选择`Templates` | `Visual C#`(或`Visual Basic`) | `Web`菜单。
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* Select the `ASP.NET Web Application` template, give the project a name, and click OK.
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* 选择`ASP.NET Web Application`模板，输入项目名，点击“OK”按钮。
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* Select the desired ASP.NET 4.5.2 template and click OK.
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* 选择自己喜欢的ASP.NET 4.5.2模板，点击OK。
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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In this cookbook we'll select the `Empty` template with no added folders,
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no authentication and no hosting. Pick the template and options appropriate for your project.
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本烹饪宝典选择了`Empty`模板，它没有添加过任何目录，没有身份验证，没有服务器托管。为你的项目选择合适的模板和选项。
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.l-main-section
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h2#copy Step 4: Copy the QuickStart files into the ASP.NET project folder
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h2#copy 第四步: 拷贝“快速起步”的文件到ASP.NET项目所在的目录
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:marked
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Copy the QuickStart files we downloaded from github into the folder containing the `.csproj` file.
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Include the files in the Visual Studio project as follows:
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拷贝从github下载的“快速起步”文件到包含`.csproj`文件的目录中。按照下面的步骤把它们加到Visual Studio中：
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* Click the `Show All Files` button in Solution Explorer to reveal all of the hidden files in the project.
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* 在Solution Explorer中点击`Show All Files`按钮，显示项目中所有隐藏文件。
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* Right-click on each folder/file to be included in the project and select `Include in Project`.
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Minimally, include the following folder/files:
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* 右键点击每个目录和文件，选择`Include in Project`。
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最少要添加下列文件：
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* app folder (answer *No* if asked to search for TypeScript Typings)
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* app目录（如果询问是否要搜索TypeScript类型，回答*No*）
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* styles.css
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* styles.css
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* index.html
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* index.html
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* package.json
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* package.json
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* tsconfig.json
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* tsconfig.json
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* typings.json
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* typings.json
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.l-main-section
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h2#restore Step 5: Restore the required packages
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h2#restore 第五步: 恢复需要的包
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:marked
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Restore the packages required for an Angular application as follows:
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按下面的步骤恢复Angular应用程序需要的包：
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* Right-click on the `package.json` file in Solution Explorer and select `Restore Packages`.
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<br>This uses `npm` to install all of the packages defined in the `package.json` file.
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It may take some time.
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* 在Solution Explorer中右键点击`package.json`，选择`Restore Packages`。
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<br>这样，Visual Studio会使用`npm`来安装在`package.json`中定义的所有包.
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这可能需要花一点时间。
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* If desired, open the Output window (`View` | `Output`) to watch the npm commands execute.
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* 如果愿意，打开Output窗口(`View` | `Output`)来监控npm命令的执行情况。
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* Ignore the warnings.
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* 忽略所有警告。
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* When the restore is finished, a message should say: `npm command completed with exit code 0`.
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* 当恢复完成后，将会出现一条消息：`npm command completed with exit code 0`.
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* Click the `Refresh` icon in Solution Explorer.
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* 在Solution Explorer里，点击`Refresh`图标。
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* **Do not** include the `node_modules` folder in the project. Let it be a hidden project project folder.
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* **不要**将`node_modules`目录添加到项目中，让它隐藏。
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.alert.is-important
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:marked
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An error such as "*@angular/compiler is not in the npm registry*" suggests that Visual Studio 2015
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is using an older version of npm. Update to the latest installed version of npm:
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"*@angular/compiler is not in the npm registry*"这个错误表明Visual Studio 2015使用了老版本的npm。按照下面的步骤安装最新版本的npm：
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* `Tools` | `Options` to open the Options dialog.
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* `Tools` | `Options`来打开“选项”对话框。
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* In the tree on the left, select `Projects and Solutions` | `External Web Tools`.
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* 在左侧的树状目录中，选择`Projects and Solutions` | `External Web Tools`。
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* On the right, move the `$(PATH)` entry above the `$(DevEnvDir`) entries. This tells Visual Studio to
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use the external tools (such as npm) found in your path before using its own version of the external tools.
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* 在右侧，把`$(PATH)`项移动到`$(DevEnvDir`)上面，这样就会告诉Visual Studio优先在你的路径中查找外来工具（比如npm）。
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* Click OK to close the dialog.
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* 点击OK，关闭对话框。
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* Restart Visual Studio for this change to take effect.
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* 重新启动Visual Studio来让这些修改生效。
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.l-main-section
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h2#edit-config Step 6: Edit the TypeScript configuration file
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h2#edit-config 第六步：编辑TypeScript配置文件
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:marked
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For Visual Studio 2015 we must add `"compileOnSave": true` to the TypeScript configuration (`tsconfig.json`) file
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as shown here.
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在Visual Studio 2015里，必须在TypeScript的配置文件(`tsconfig.json`)中添加`"compileOnSave": true`：
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+makeJson('cb-visual-studio-2015/ts/tsconfig.json', null, 'tsconfig.json (scripts)')
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:marked
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After making this change, **exit** Visual Studio and reopen it to reload the project.
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修改上面的设置后，**退出**Visual Studio，再打开它并加载项目。
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.l-main-section
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h2#build-and-run Step 7: Build and run the app
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h2#build-and-run 第七步：编译和运行应用程序
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:marked
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Click the Run button or press F5 to build and run the application.
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点击“运行”按钮或按F5键来编译和运行应用程序。
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This launches the default browser and runs the QuickStart sample application.
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这样会启动默认浏览器并在里面运行“快速起步”范例程序。
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Try editing any of the project files. *Save* and refresh the browser to
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see the changes.
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尝试编辑任何项目文件，*保存*并刷新浏览器来查看效果。
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.alert.is-important
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:marked
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Compiler errors such as "*Property ‘map’ does not exist on type ‘Observable<Response>’*" and
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"*Observable cannot be found*" indicate an old release of Visual Studio.
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Exit Visual Studio and follow the [instructions here](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/8518).
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像“*Property ‘map’ does not exist on type ‘Observable<Response>’*”和“*Observable cannot be found*”这样的编译错误
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说明Visual Studio的版本太老了。退出Visual Studio，按照[这里的指南](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/8518)升级Visual Studio。
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You'll be asked to replace the file
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它会问你是否要覆盖文件。
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code-example.
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c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\TypeScript.typescriptServices.js
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:marked
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This operation requires admin privileges.
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这个操作需要管理员权限。
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.l-main-section
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h2#routing Note on Routing Applications
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h2#routing 应用程序的路由
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:marked
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If this application used the Angular router, a browser refresh could return a *404 - Page Not Found*.
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Look at the address bar. Does it contain a navigation url (a "deep link")?
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We'll have to configure the server to return `index.html` for these requests.
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Until we do, remove the navigation path and refresh again.
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如果这个应用程序使用了Angular路由器，刷新浏览器时可能会返回一个*404 - Page Not Found*。查看一下地址栏，它是否包含一个导航url（“深链接”）？
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我们必须配置服务器，让它为这些请求直接返回`index.html`的内容。在配置完之前，请暂时删除导航路径，回到首页，再进行刷新。
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