Merge pull request #1489 from hapifhir/2023-11-gg-bundle-link-validation

Rework bundle references validation

org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/elementmodel/Element.java

@@ -685,13 +685,16 @@ public class Element extends Base implements NamedItem {
   }
 
   public Element getNamedChild(String name) {
+    return getNamedChild(name, true);
+  }
+  public Element getNamedChild(String name, boolean exception) {
     if (children == null)
       return null;
     if (children.size() > 20) {
       List<Element> l = children.getByName(name);
       if (l == null || l.size() == 0) {
         // try the other way (in case of complicated naming rules)
-      } else if (l.size() > 1) {
+      } else if (l.size() > 1 && exception) {
         throw new Error("Attempt to read a single element when there is more than one present ("+name+")");
       } else {
         return l.get(0);
@@ -729,7 +732,11 @@ public class Element extends Base implements NamedItem {
   }
 
   public String getNamedChildValue(String name) {
-  	Element child = getNamedChild(name);
+    return getNamedChildValue(name, true);
+  }
+  
+  public String getNamedChildValue(String name, boolean exception) {
+  	Element child = getNamedChild(name, exception);
   	return child == null ? null : child.value;
   }
 
@@ -781,7 +788,11 @@ public class Element extends Base implements NamedItem {
   }
 
   public boolean hasChild(String name) {
-    return getNamedChild(name) != null;
+    return getNamedChild(name, true) != null;
+  }
+
+  public boolean hasChild(String name, boolean exception) {
+    return getNamedChild(name, exception) != null;
   }
 
   public boolean hasChildren(String name) {
@@ -1019,15 +1030,15 @@ public class Element extends Base implements NamedItem {
       return c;   
     } else if ("Coding".equals(fhirType())) {
       ICodingImpl c = new ICodingImpl(true, true, true, true);
-      c.system = getNamedChildValue("system");
+      c.system = getNamedChildValue("system", false);
-      c.code = getNamedChildValue("code");
+      c.code = getNamedChildValue("code", false);
-      c.display = getNamedChildValue("display");
+      c.display = getNamedChildValue("display", false);
-      c.version = getNamedChildValue("version");
+      c.version = getNamedChildValue("version", false);
       return c;
     } else if ("Quantity".equals(fhirType())) {
       ICodingImpl c = new ICodingImpl(true, true, false, false);
-      c.system = getNamedChildValue("system");
+      c.system = getNamedChildValue("system", false);
-      c.code = getNamedChildValue("code");
+      c.code = getNamedChildValue("code", false);
       return c;
     } else 
       return null;
@@ -1072,7 +1083,7 @@ public class Element extends Base implements NamedItem {
         if (Utilities.existsInList(child.getName(), "extension", "modifierExtension")) {
           String u = child.getChildValue("url");
           if (url.equals(u)) {
-            return child.getNamedChild("value");
+            return child.getNamedChild("value", false);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -1324,7 +1335,7 @@ public class Element extends Base implements NamedItem {
 
     for (Property p : property.getChildProperties(this.name, type)) {
       if (p.getName().equals(name)) {
-        if (!p.isList() && hasChild(name)) {
+        if (!p.isList() && hasChild(name, false)) {
           throw new Error(name+" on "+this.name+" is not a list, so can't add an element"); 
         }
         Element ne = new Element(name, p).setFormat(format);
@@ -1412,17 +1423,17 @@ public class Element extends Base implements NamedItem {
   public String getTranslation(String lang) {
     for (Element e : getChildren()) {
       if (e.fhirType().equals("Extension")) {
-        String url = e.getNamedChildValue("url");
+        String url = e.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
         if (ToolingExtensions.EXT_TRANSLATION.equals(url)) {
           String l = null;
           String v = null;
           for (Element g : e.getChildren()) {
             if (g.fhirType().equals("Extension")) {
-              String u = g.getNamedChildValue("url");
+              String u = g.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
               if ("lang".equals(u)) {
-                l = g.getNamedChildValue("value");
+                l = g.getNamedChildValue("value", false);
               } else if ("value".equals(u)) {
-                v = g.getNamedChildValue("value");
+                v = g.getNamedChildValue("value", false);
               }
             }
           }
@@ -1451,17 +1462,17 @@ public class Element extends Base implements NamedItem {
   public void setTranslation(String lang, String translation) {
     for (Element e : getChildren()) {
       if (e.fhirType().equals("Extension")) {
-        String url = e.getNamedChildValue("url");
+        String url = e.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
         if (ToolingExtensions.EXT_TRANSLATION.equals(url)) {
           String l = null;
           Element v = null;
           for (Element g : e.getChildren()) {
             if (g.fhirType().equals("Extension")) {
-              String u = g.getNamedChildValue("url");
+              String u = g.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
               if ("lang".equals(u)) {
-                l = g.getNamedChildValue("value");
+                l = g.getNamedChildValue("value", false);
               } else if ("value".equals(u)) {
-                v = g.getNamedChild("value");
+                v = g.getNamedChild("value", false);
               }
             }
           }

org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/ResourceRenderer.java

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ public abstract class ResourceRenderer extends DataRenderer {
       org.hl7.fhir.r5.elementmodel.Element bundleElement = rcontext.resolveElement(url, version);
       if (bundleElement != null) {
         String bundleUrl = null;
-        Element br = bundleElement.getNamedChild("resource");
+        Element br = bundleElement.getNamedChild("resource", false);
         if (br.getChildValue("id") != null) {
           bundleUrl = "#" + br.fhirType() + "_" + br.getChildValue("id");
         } else {

org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/i18n/I18nConstants.java

@@ -1026,6 +1026,7 @@ public class I18nConstants {
   public static final String BUNDLE_ENTRY_URL_MATCHES_TYPE_ID = "BUNDLE_ENTRY_URL_MATCHES_TYPE_ID";
   public static final String BUNDLE_ENTRY_URL_MATCHES_NO_ID = "BUNDLE_ENTRY_URL_MATCHES_NO_ID";
   public static final String BUNDLE_ENTRY_URL_ABSOLUTE = "BUNDLE_ENTRY_URL_ABSOLUTE";
+  public static final String BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_FOUND_MULTIPLE = "BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_FOUND_MULTIPLE";
 }
 
 

org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ Bundle_BUNDLE_Entry_NoProfile_TYPE = No profile found for {0} resource of type '
 Bundle_BUNDLE_Entry_NoProfile_EXPL = Specified profile {2} not found for {0} resource of type ''{0}''
 Bundle_BUNDLE_Entry_NO_LOGICAL_EXPL = Specified logical model {1} not found for resource ''Binary/{0}''
 Bundle_BUNDLE_Entry_NotFound = Can''t find ''{0}'' in the bundle ({1})
-BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT = Can''t find ''{0}'' in the bundle ({1}). Note that there is a resource in the bundle with the same type and id, but it does not match because of the fullUrl based rules around matching relative resources 
+BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_FOUND_MULTIPLE = Found {0} matches for ''{1}'' in the bundle ({2})
+BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT_one = Can''t find ''{1}'' in the bundle ({2}). Note that there is a resource in the bundle with the same type and id, but it does not match because of the fullUrl based rules around matching relative references (must be ``{3}``) 
+BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT_other = Can''t find ''{1}'' in the bundle ({2}). Note that there are {0} resources in the bundle with the same type and id, but they do not match because of the fullUrl based rules around matching relative references (one of ``{3}``) 
 Bundle_BUNDLE_Entry_Orphan_MESSAGE = Entry {0} isn''t reachable by traversing links (forward or backward) from the MessageHeader, so its presence should be reviewed (is it needed to process the message?)
 Bundle_BUNDLE_Entry_Orphan_DOCUMENT = Entry {0} isn''t reachable by traversing links (forward or backward) from the Composition
 BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_REVERSE_R4 = Entry {0} isn''t reachable by traversing forwards from the Composition. Only Provenance is approved to be used this way (R4 section 3.3.1)

org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages_es.properties

@@ -837,3 +837,6 @@ SD_ED_TYPE_PROFILE_WRONG_TYPE_other =
 VALUESET_SUPPLEMENT_MISSING_one = 
 VALUESET_SUPPLEMENT_MISSING_many = 
 VALUESET_SUPPLEMENT_MISSING_other =
+BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT_one = 
+BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT_many = 
+BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT_other =

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/BaseValidator.java

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
+import javax.naming.Context;
+
+import org.antlr.v4.codegen.model.decl.ContextTokenGetterDecl;
+
 /*
   Copyright (c) 2011+, HL7, Inc.
   All rights reserved.
@@ -79,33 +83,12 @@ import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.validation.ValidationMessage;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.validation.ValidationMessage.IssueSeverity;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.validation.ValidationMessage.IssueType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.validation.ValidationMessage.Source;
-import org.hl7.fhir.validation.BaseValidator.ElementMatch;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.cli.utils.ValidationLevel;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.utils.IndexedElement;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.utils.NodeStack;
 
 public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
 
-
-  public class ElementMatch {
-
-    private Element element;
-    private boolean valid;
-    protected ElementMatch(Element element, boolean valid) {
-      super();
-      this.element = element;
-      this.valid = valid;
-    }
-    public Element getElement() {
-      return element;
-    }
-    public boolean isValid() {
-      return valid;
-    }
-
-  }
-
-
   public class BooleanHolder {
     private boolean value = true;
 
@@ -488,6 +471,10 @@ public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
     return thePass;
   }
 
+  protected boolean rulePlural(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String ruleDate, IssueType type, NodeStack node, boolean thePass, int num, String theMessage, Object... theMessageArguments) {
+    return rulePlural(errors, ruleDate, type, node.line(), node.col(), node.getLiteralPath(), thePass, num, theMessage, theMessageArguments);
+  }
+  
   protected boolean rulePlural(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String ruleDate, IssueType type, int line, int col, String path, boolean thePass, int num, String theMessage, Object... theMessageArguments) {
     if (!thePass && doingErrors()) {
       String message = context.formatMessagePlural(num, theMessage, theMessageArguments);
@@ -771,6 +758,10 @@ public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
     trackedMessages.removeAll(messages);    
   }
   
+  protected boolean warningOrError(boolean isError, List<ValidationMessage> errors, String ruleDate, IssueType type, NodeStack stack, boolean thePass, String msg, Object... theMessageArguments) {
+    return warningOrError(isError, errors, ruleDate, type, stack.line(), stack.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), thePass, msg, theMessageArguments);
+  }
+  
   protected boolean warningOrError(boolean isError, List<ValidationMessage> errors, String ruleDate, IssueType type, int line, int col, String path, boolean thePass, String msg, Object... theMessageArguments) {
     if (!thePass) {
       String nmsg = context.formatMessage(msg, theMessageArguments);
@@ -783,6 +774,22 @@ public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
 
   }
 
+  protected boolean hintOrError(boolean isError, List<ValidationMessage> errors, String ruleDate, IssueType type, NodeStack stack, boolean thePass, String msg, Object... theMessageArguments) {
+    return hintOrError(isError, errors, ruleDate, type, stack.line(), stack.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), thePass, msg, theMessageArguments);
+  }
+  
+  protected boolean hintOrError(boolean isError, List<ValidationMessage> errors, String ruleDate, IssueType type, int line, int col, String path, boolean thePass, String msg, Object... theMessageArguments) {
+    if (!thePass) {
+      String nmsg = context.formatMessage(msg, theMessageArguments);
+      IssueSeverity lvl = isError ? IssueSeverity.ERROR : IssueSeverity.INFORMATION;
+      if (doingLevel(lvl)) {
+        addValidationMessage(errors, ruleDate, type, line, col, path, nmsg, lvl, msg);
+      }
+    }
+    return thePass;
+
+  }
+
   /**
    * Test a rule and add a {@link IssueSeverity#WARNING} validation message if the validation fails
    * 
@@ -1010,7 +1017,7 @@ public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
       return null;
     if (bnd.fhirType().equals(BUNDLE)) {
       for (Element be : bnd.getChildrenByName(ENTRY)) {
-        Element res = be.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+        Element res = be.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         if (res != null) {
           String fullUrl = be.getChildValue(FULL_URL);
           String rt = res.fhirType();
@@ -1025,28 +1032,42 @@ public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
     return null;
   }
 
-  protected ElementMatch resolveInBundle(Element bundle, List<Element> entries, String ref, String fullUrl, String type, String id) {
+  protected Element resolveInBundle(Element bundle, List<Element> entries, String ref, String fullUrl, String type, String id, NodeStack stack, List<ValidationMessage> errors, String name, Element source, boolean isWarning) {
+    if ("MedicationStatement/d41ac499-c7e8-45fa-9246-69028bae178f".equals(ref)) {
+      System.out.println("!");
+    }
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-    Map<String, Element> map = (Map<String, Element>) bundle.getUserData("validator.entrymap");
+    Map<String, List<Element>> map = (Map<String, List<Element>>) bundle.getUserData("validator.entrymap");
-    Map<String, Element> relMap = (Map<String, Element>) bundle.getUserData("validator.entrymapR");
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Map<String, List<Element>> relMap = (Map<String, List<Element>>) bundle.getUserData("validator.entrymapR");
+    List<Element> list = null;
+
     if (map == null) {
       map = new HashMap<>();
       bundle.setUserData("validator.entrymap", map);
       relMap = new HashMap<>();
       bundle.setUserData("validator.entrymapR", relMap);
       for (Element entry : entries) {
-        String fu = entry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL);
+        String fu = entry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL, false);
-        map.put(fu,  entry);
+        list = map.get(fu);
-        Element resource = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+        if (list == null) {
+          list = new ArrayList<Element>();
+          map.put(fu, list);
+        }
+        list.add(entry);
+        
+        Element resource = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         if (resource != null) {
           String et = resource.getType();
-          String eid = resource.getNamedChildValue(ID);
+          String eid = resource.getNamedChildValue(ID, false);
           if (eid != null) {
-            if (VersionUtilities.isR4Plus(context.getVersion())) {
+            String rl = et+"/"+eid;
-              relMap.put(et+"/"+eid,  entry);
+            list = relMap.get(rl);
-            } else {
+            if (list == null) {
-              map.put(et+"/"+eid,  entry);
+              list = new ArrayList<Element>();
+              relMap.put(rl, list);
             }
+            list.add(entry);
           }
         }
       }      
@@ -1054,62 +1075,89 @@ public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
     
     if (Utilities.isAbsoluteUrl(ref)) {
       // if the reference is absolute, then you resolve by fullUrl. No other thinking is required.
-      Element e = map.get(ref);
+      List<Element> el = map.get(ref);
-      if (e == null) {
+      if (el == null) {
-        return null;
+        // if this something we complain about? 
-      } else {
+        // not if it's in a package, or it looks like a restful URL and it's one of the canonical resource types
-        return new ElementMatch(e, true);
+        boolean ok = context.hasResource(Resource.class, ref);
+        if (!ok && ref.matches(urlRegex)) {
+          String tt = extractResourceType(ref);
+          ok = VersionUtilities.getCanonicalResourceNames(context.getVersion()).contains(tt);
+        }
+        if (!ok && stack != null && !source.hasUserData("bundle.error.noted")) {
+          source.setUserData("bundle.error.noted", true);          
+          hintOrError(!isWarning, errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.NOTFOUND, stack, false, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND, ref, name);
+        }
+        return null;
+      } else if (el.size() == 1) {
+        return el.get(0);
+      } else {
+        if (stack != null && !source.hasUserData("bundle.error.noted")) {
+          source.setUserData("bundle.error.noted", true);
+          rule(errors, "2023-11-15", IssueType.INVALID, stack, false, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_FOUND_MULTIPLE, el.size(), ref, name);
+        }
+        return null;
       }
-//      for (Element entry : entries) {
-//        String fu = entry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL);
-//        if (ref.equals(fu))
-//          return entry;
-//      }
-//      return null;
     } else {
       // split into base, type, and id
       String u = null;
       if (fullUrl != null && fullUrl.matches(urlRegex) && fullUrl.endsWith(type + "/" + id)) {
-        // fullUrl = complex
         u = fullUrl.substring(0, fullUrl.length() - (type + "/" + id).length()) + ref;
       }
-//        u = fullUrl.substring((type+"/"+id).length())+ref;
+      List<Element> el = map.get(u);
+      if (el != null && el.size() > 0) {
+        if (el.size() == 1) {
+          return el.get(0);
+        } else {
+          if (stack != null && !source.hasUserData("bundle.error.noted")) {
+            source.setUserData("bundle.error.noted", true);
+            rule(errors, "2023-11-15", IssueType.INVALID, stack, false, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_FOUND_MULTIPLE, el.size(), ref, name);
+          }
+          return null;
+        }
+      } else {
         String[] parts = ref.split("\\/");
         if (parts.length >= 2) {
           String t = parts[0];
+          if (context.getResourceNamesAsSet().contains(t)) {
             String i = parts[1];
-        Element res = map.get(u);
+            el = relMap.get(t+"/"+i);
-        if (res == null) {
+            if (el != null) {
-          res = map.get(t+"/"+i);
+              Set<String> tl = new HashSet<>();
+              for (Element e : el) {
+                String fu = e.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL, false);
+                tl.add(fu == null ? "<missing>" : fu);
+              }
+              if (!VersionUtilities.isR4Plus(context.getVersion())) {
+                if (el.size() == 1) {
+                  return el.get(0);
+                } else if (stack != null && !source.hasUserData("bundle.error.noted")) {
+                  source.setUserData("bundle.error.noted", true);
+                  rulePlural(errors, "2023-11-15", IssueType.INVALID, stack, false, el.size(), I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT, ref, name, CommaSeparatedStringBuilder.join(",", Utilities.sorted(tl)));
+                }
+              } else if (stack != null && !source.hasUserData("bundle.error.noted")) {
+                source.setUserData("bundle.error.noted", true);
+                rulePlural(errors, "2023-11-15", IssueType.INVALID, stack, false, el.size(), I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT, ref, name, CommaSeparatedStringBuilder.join(",", Utilities.sorted(tl)));
               }
-        if (res == null && relMap.containsKey(t+"/"+i)) {
-          res = relMap.get(t+"/"+i);
-          return new ElementMatch(res, false);
-        } else if (res == null) {
-          return null;
             } else {
-          return new ElementMatch(res, true);
+              if (stack != null && !source.hasUserData("bundle.error.noted")) {
+                source.setUserData("bundle.error.noted", true);
+                hintOrError(!isWarning, errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.NOTFOUND, stack, false, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND, ref, name);
+              }            
+            }
           }
-//        for (Element entry : entries) {
-//          String fu = entry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL);
-//          if (fu != null && fu.equals(u))
-//            return entry;
-//          if (u == null) {
-//            Element resource = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
-//            if (resource != null) {
-//              String et = resource.getType();
-//              String eid = resource.getNamedChildValue(ID);
-//              if (t.equals(et) && i.equals(eid))
-//                return entry;
-//            }
-//          }
-//        }
         }
         return null;    
       }
     }
+  }
 
 
+  private String extractResourceType(String ref) {
+    String[] p = ref.split("\\/");
+    return p[p.length -2];
+  }
+
   protected IndexedElement getFromBundle(Element bundle, String ref, String fullUrl, List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, String type, boolean isTransaction, BooleanHolder bh) {
     String targetUrl = null;
     String version = "";
@@ -1173,7 +1221,7 @@ public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
     for (int i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
       Element we = entries.get(i);
       if (targetUrl.equals(we.getChildValue(FULL_URL))) {
-        Element r = we.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+        Element r = we.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         if (version.isEmpty()) {
           rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.FORBIDDEN, -1, -1, path, match == null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_MULTIPLEMATCHES, ref);
           match = r;
@@ -1203,8 +1251,8 @@ public class BaseValidator implements IValidationContextResourceLoader {
         if (p.length >= 2 && context.getResourceNamesAsSet().contains(p[0]) && Utilities.isValidId(p[1])) {
           for (int i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
             Element we = entries.get(i);
-            Element r = we.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+            Element r = we.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
-            if (r != null && p[0].equals(r.fhirType()) && p[1].equals(r.getNamedChildValue("id")) ) {
+            if (r != null && p[0].equals(r.fhirType()) && p[1].equals(r.getNamedChildValue("id", false)) ) {
               ml.add(we);
             }
           }          

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/ValidationEngine.java

@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ public class ValidationEngine implements IValidatorResourceFetcher, IValidationP
     org.hl7.fhir.r5.elementmodel.Element src = Manager.parseSingle(context, new ByteArrayInputStream(cnt.getFocus().getBytes()), cnt.getCntType());
 
     // if the src has a url, we try to use the java code 
-    if ((canDoNative == null && src.hasChild("url")) || (canDoNative != null && canDoNative)) {
+    if ((canDoNative == null && src.hasChild("url", false)) || (canDoNative != null && canDoNative)) {
       try {
         if (VersionUtilities.isR2Ver(version)) {
           return VersionConvertor.convertVersionNativeR2(targetVer, cnt, format);

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/InstanceValidator.java

@@ -1054,12 +1054,12 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkAddress(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Address fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".use", focus.getNamedChild("use"), fixed.getUseElement(), fixedSource, "use", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".use", focus.getNamedChild("use", false), fixed.getUseElement(), fixedSource, "use", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".text", focus.getNamedChild("text"), fixed.getTextElement(), fixedSource, "text", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".text", focus.getNamedChild("text", false), fixed.getTextElement(), fixedSource, "text", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".city", focus.getNamedChild("city"), fixed.getCityElement(), fixedSource, "city", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".city", focus.getNamedChild("city", false), fixed.getCityElement(), fixedSource, "city", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".state", focus.getNamedChild("state"), fixed.getStateElement(), fixedSource, "state", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".state", focus.getNamedChild("state", false), fixed.getStateElement(), fixedSource, "state", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".country", focus.getNamedChild("country"), fixed.getCountryElement(), fixedSource, "country", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".country", focus.getNamedChild("country", false), fixed.getCountryElement(), fixedSource, "country", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".zip", focus.getNamedChild("zip"), fixed.getPostalCodeElement(), fixedSource, "postalCode", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".zip", focus.getNamedChild("zip", false), fixed.getPostalCodeElement(), fixedSource, "postalCode", focus, pattern) && ok;
 
     List<Element> lines = new ArrayList<Element>();
     focus.getNamedChildren("line", lines);
@@ -1106,13 +1106,13 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkAttachment(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Attachment fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".contentType", focus.getNamedChild("contentType"), fixed.getContentTypeElement(), fixedSource, "contentType", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".contentType", focus.getNamedChild("contentType", false), fixed.getContentTypeElement(), fixedSource, "contentType", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".language", focus.getNamedChild("language"), fixed.getLanguageElement(), fixedSource, "language", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".language", focus.getNamedChild("language", false), fixed.getLanguageElement(), fixedSource, "language", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".data", focus.getNamedChild("data"), fixed.getDataElement(), fixedSource, "data", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".data", focus.getNamedChild("data", false), fixed.getDataElement(), fixedSource, "data", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".url", focus.getNamedChild("url"), fixed.getUrlElement(), fixedSource, "url", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".url", focus.getNamedChild("url", false), fixed.getUrlElement(), fixedSource, "url", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".size", focus.getNamedChild("size"), fixed.getSizeElement(), fixedSource, "size", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".size", focus.getNamedChild("size", false), fixed.getSizeElement(), fixedSource, "size", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".hash", focus.getNamedChild("hash"), fixed.getHashElement(), fixedSource, "hash", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".hash", focus.getNamedChild("hash", false), fixed.getHashElement(), fixedSource, "hash", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".title", focus.getNamedChild("title"), fixed.getTitleElement(), fixedSource, "title", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".title", focus.getNamedChild("title", false), fixed.getTitleElement(), fixedSource, "title", focus, pattern) && ok;
 
     return ok;
   }
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkCodeableConcept(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, CodeableConcept fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".text", focus.getNamedChild("text"), fixed.getTextElement(), fixedSource, "text", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".text", focus.getNamedChild("text", false), fixed.getTextElement(), fixedSource, "text", focus, pattern) && ok;
     List<Element> codings = new ArrayList<Element>();
     focus.getNamedChildren("coding", codings);
     if (pattern) {
@@ -1733,14 +1733,14 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean convertCDACodeToCodeableConcept(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element element, StructureDefinition logical, CodeableConcept cc) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    cc.setText(element.getNamedChildValue("originalText"));
+    cc.setText(element.getNamedChildValue("originalText", false));
-    if (element.hasChild("nullFlavor")) {
+    if (element.hasChild("nullFlavor", false)) {
-      cc.addExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-nullFlavor", new CodeType(element.getNamedChildValue("nullFlavor")));
+      cc.addExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-nullFlavor", new CodeType(element.getNamedChildValue("nullFlavor", false)));
     }
-    if (element.hasChild("code") || element.hasChild("codeSystem")) {
+    if (element.hasChild("code", false) || element.hasChild("codeSystem", false)) {
       Coding c = cc.addCoding();
       
-      String oid = element.getNamedChildValue("codeSystem");
+      String oid = element.getNamedChildValue("codeSystem", false);
       if (oid != null) {
         Set<String> urls = context.urlsForOid(true, oid);
         if (urls.size() != 1) {
@@ -1758,9 +1758,9 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
         warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, element.line(), element.col(), path, false, I18nConstants.TERMINOLOGY_TX_SYSTEM_NO_CODE); 
       }
       
-      c.setCode(element.getNamedChildValue("code"));
+      c.setCode(element.getNamedChildValue("code", false));
-      c.setVersion(element.getNamedChildValue("codeSystemVersion"));
+      c.setVersion(element.getNamedChildValue("codeSystemVersion", false));
-      c.setDisplay(element.getNamedChildValue("displayName"));
+      c.setDisplay(element.getNamedChildValue("displayName", false));
     }
     // todo: translations
     return ok;
@@ -1920,22 +1920,22 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkCoding(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Coding fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".system", focus.getNamedChild("system"), fixed.getSystemElement(), fixedSource, "system", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".system", focus.getNamedChild("system", false), fixed.getSystemElement(), fixedSource, "system", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".version", focus.getNamedChild("version"), fixed.getVersionElement(), fixedSource, "version", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".version", focus.getNamedChild("version", false), fixed.getVersionElement(), fixedSource, "version", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".code", focus.getNamedChild("code"), fixed.getCodeElement(), fixedSource, "code", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".code", focus.getNamedChild("code", false), fixed.getCodeElement(), fixedSource, "code", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".display", focus.getNamedChild("display"), fixed.getDisplayElement(), fixedSource, "display", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".display", focus.getNamedChild("display", false), fixed.getDisplayElement(), fixedSource, "display", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".userSelected", focus.getNamedChild("userSelected"), fixed.getUserSelectedElement(), fixedSource, "userSelected", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".userSelected", focus.getNamedChild("userSelected", false), fixed.getUserSelectedElement(), fixedSource, "userSelected", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
   private boolean checkCoding(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element element, StructureDefinition profile, ElementDefinition theElementCntext, boolean inCodeableConcept, boolean checkDisplay, NodeStack stack) {
-    String code = element.getNamedChildValue("code");
+    String code = element.getNamedChildValue("code", false);
-    String system = element.getNamedChildValue("system");
+    String system = element.getNamedChildValue("system", false);
     if (code != null && system == null) {
       warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, element.line(), element.col(), path, false, I18nConstants.TERMINOLOGY_TX_SYSTEM_NO_CODE); 
     }
-    String version = element.getNamedChildValue("version");
+    String version = element.getNamedChildValue("version", false);
-    String display = element.getNamedChildValue("display");
+    String display = element.getNamedChildValue("display", false);
     return checkCodedElement(errors, path, element, profile, theElementCntext, inCodeableConcept, checkDisplay, stack, code, system, version, display);
   }
 
@@ -2051,16 +2051,16 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkContactPoint(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, ContactPoint fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".system", focus.getNamedChild("system"), fixed.getSystemElement(), fixedSource, "system", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".system", focus.getNamedChild("system", false), fixed.getSystemElement(), fixedSource, "system", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".value", focus.getNamedChild("value"), fixed.getValueElement(), fixedSource, "value", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".value", focus.getNamedChild("value", false), fixed.getValueElement(), fixedSource, "value", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".use", focus.getNamedChild("use"), fixed.getUseElement(), fixedSource, "use", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".use", focus.getNamedChild("use", false), fixed.getUseElement(), fixedSource, "use", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".period", focus.getNamedChild("period"), fixed.getPeriod(), fixedSource, "period", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".period", focus.getNamedChild("period", false), fixed.getPeriod(), fixedSource, "period", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
   private boolean checkExtension(ValidationContext valContext, List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element resource, Element container, Element element, ElementDefinition def, StructureDefinition profile, NodeStack stack, NodeStack containerStack, String extensionUrl, PercentageTracker pct, ValidationMode mode) throws FHIRException {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String url = element.getNamedChildValue("url");
+    String url = element.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
     String u = url.contains("|") ? url.substring(0, url.indexOf("|")) : url;
     boolean isModifier = element.getName().equals("modifierExtension");
     assert def.getIsModifier() == isModifier;
@@ -2262,10 +2262,10 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
         if (stack.getElement().getName().startsWith("value")) {
           NodeStack estack = stack.getParent();
           if (estack != null && estack.getElement().fhirType().equals("Extension")) {
-            ext = estack.getElement().getNamedChildValue("url");
+            ext = estack.getElement().getNamedChildValue("url", false);
           }
         } else {
-          ext = stack.getElement().getNamedChildValue("url");
+          ext = stack.getElement().getNamedChildValue("url", false);
         }
         if (ctxt.getExpression().equals(ext)) {
           ok = true;
@@ -2496,7 +2496,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
         for (Extension e : fixed.getExtension()) {
           Element ex = getExtensionByUrl(extensions, e.getUrl());
           if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.VALUE, focus.line(), focus.col(), path, ex != null, I18nConstants.EXTENSION_EXT_COUNT_NOTFOUND, e.getUrl())) {
-            ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path, ex.getNamedChild("extension").getNamedChild("value"), e.getValue(), fixedSource, "extension.value", ex.getNamedChild("extension"), false) && ok;
+            ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path, ex.getNamedChild("extension", false).getNamedChild("value", false), e.getValue(), fixedSource, "extension.value", ex.getNamedChild("extension", false), false) && ok;
           } else {
             ok = false;
           }
@@ -2510,9 +2510,9 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkHumanName(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, HumanName fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".use", focus.getNamedChild("use"), fixed.getUseElement(), fixedSource, "use", focus, pattern);
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".use", focus.getNamedChild("use", false), fixed.getUseElement(), fixedSource, "use", focus, pattern);
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".text", focus.getNamedChild("text"), fixed.getTextElement(), fixedSource, "text", focus, pattern);
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".text", focus.getNamedChild("text", false), fixed.getTextElement(), fixedSource, "text", focus, pattern);
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".period", focus.getNamedChild("period"), fixed.getPeriod(), fixedSource, "period", focus, pattern);
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".period", focus.getNamedChild("period", false), fixed.getPeriod(), fixedSource, "period", focus, pattern);
 
     List<Element> parts = new ArrayList<Element>();
     if (!pattern || fixed.hasFamily()) {
@@ -2556,10 +2556,10 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkIdentifier(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element element, ElementDefinition context) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String system = element.getNamedChildValue("system");
+    String system = element.getNamedChildValue("system", false);
     ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, element.line(), element.col(), path, system == null || isIdentifierSystemReferenceValid(system), I18nConstants.TYPE_SPECIFIC_CHECKS_DT_IDENTIFIER_SYSTEM) && ok;
     if ("urn:ietf:rfc:3986".equals(system)) {
-      String value = element.getNamedChildValue("value");
+      String value = element.getNamedChildValue("value", false);
       ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, element.line(), element.col(), path, value == null || isAbsolute(value), I18nConstants.TYPE_SPECIFIC_CHECKS_DT_IDENTIFIER_IETF_SYSTEM_VALUE, value) && ok; 
     }
     return ok;
@@ -2567,19 +2567,19 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkIdentifier(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Identifier fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".use", focus.getNamedChild("use"), fixed.getUseElement(), fixedSource, "use", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".use", focus.getNamedChild("use", false), fixed.getUseElement(), fixedSource, "use", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".type", focus.getNamedChild(TYPE), fixed.getType(), fixedSource, TYPE, focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".type", focus.getNamedChild(TYPE, false), fixed.getType(), fixedSource, TYPE, focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".system", focus.getNamedChild("system"), fixed.getSystemElement(), fixedSource, "system", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".system", focus.getNamedChild("system", false), fixed.getSystemElement(), fixedSource, "system", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".value", focus.getNamedChild("value"), fixed.getValueElement(), fixedSource, "value", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".value", focus.getNamedChild("value", false), fixed.getValueElement(), fixedSource, "value", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".period", focus.getNamedChild("period"), fixed.getPeriod(), fixedSource, "period", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".period", focus.getNamedChild("period", false), fixed.getPeriod(), fixedSource, "period", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".assigner", focus.getNamedChild("assigner"), fixed.getAssigner(), fixedSource, "assigner", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".assigner", focus.getNamedChild("assigner", false), fixed.getAssigner(), fixedSource, "assigner", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
   private boolean checkPeriod(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Period fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".start", focus.getNamedChild("start"), fixed.getStartElement(), fixedSource, "start", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".start", focus.getNamedChild("start", false), fixed.getStartElement(), fixedSource, "start", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".end", focus.getNamedChild("end"), fixed.getEndElement(), fixedSource, "end", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".end", focus.getNamedChild("end", false), fixed.getEndElement(), fixedSource, "end", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
@@ -3409,20 +3409,20 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkQuantity(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Quantity fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".value", focus.getNamedChild("value"), fixed.getValueElement(), fixedSource, "value", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".value", focus.getNamedChild("value", false), fixed.getValueElement(), fixedSource, "value", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".comparator", focus.getNamedChild("comparator"), fixed.getComparatorElement(), fixedSource, "comparator", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".comparator", focus.getNamedChild("comparator", false), fixed.getComparatorElement(), fixedSource, "comparator", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".unit", focus.getNamedChild("unit"), fixed.getUnitElement(), fixedSource, "unit", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".unit", focus.getNamedChild("unit", false), fixed.getUnitElement(), fixedSource, "unit", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".system", focus.getNamedChild("system"), fixed.getSystemElement(), fixedSource, "system", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".system", focus.getNamedChild("system", false), fixed.getSystemElement(), fixedSource, "system", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".code", focus.getNamedChild("code"), fixed.getCodeElement(), fixedSource, "code", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".code", focus.getNamedChild("code", false), fixed.getCodeElement(), fixedSource, "code", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
   private boolean checkQuantity(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element element, StructureDefinition theProfile, ElementDefinition definition, NodeStack theStack) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String value = element.hasChild("value") ? element.getNamedChild("value").getValue() : null;
+    String value = element.hasChild("value", false) ? element.getNamedChild("value", false).getValue() : null;
-    String unit = element.hasChild("unit") ? element.getNamedChild("unit").getValue() : null;
+    String unit = element.hasChild("unit", false) ? element.getNamedChild("unit", false).getValue() : null;
-    String system = element.hasChild("system") ? element.getNamedChild("system").getValue() : null;
+    String system = element.hasChild("system", false) ? element.getNamedChild("system", false).getValue() : null;
-    String code = element.hasChild("code") ? element.getNamedChild("code").getValue() : null;
+    String code = element.hasChild("code", false) ? element.getNamedChild("code", false).getValue() : null;
 
     // todo: allowedUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-allowedUnits - codeableConcept, or canonical(ValueSet)
     // todo: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-PQ-translation
@@ -3575,17 +3575,17 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     long size = -1;
     // first check size
     String fetchError = null;
-    if (element.hasChild("data")) {
+    if (element.hasChild("data", false)) {
       String b64 = element.getChildValue("data");
       // Note: If the value isn't valid, we're not adding an error here, as the test to the
       // child Base64Binary will catch it and we don't want to log it twice
       boolean bok = isValidBase64(b64);
-      if (bok && element.hasChild("size")) {
+      if (bok && element.hasChild("size", false)) {
         size = countBase64DecodedBytes(b64);
         String sz = element.getChildValue("size");
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), path, Long.toString(size).equals(sz), I18nConstants.TYPE_SPECIFIC_CHECKS_DT_ATT_SIZE_CORRECT, sz, size) && ok;
       }
-    } else if (element.hasChild("size")) {
+    } else if (element.hasChild("size", false)) {
       String sz = element.getChildValue("size");
       if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), path, Utilities.isLong(sz), I18nConstants.TYPE_SPECIFIC_CHECKS_DT_ATT_SIZE_INVALID, sz)) {
         size = Long.parseLong(sz);
@@ -3593,7 +3593,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       } else {
         ok = false;
       }
-    } else if (element.hasChild("url")) {
+    } else if (element.hasChild("url", false)) {
       String url = element.getChildValue("url"); 
       if (definition.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_MAX_SIZE)) {
         try {
@@ -3620,7 +3620,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), path, size <= def, I18nConstants.TYPE_SPECIFIC_CHECKS_DT_ATT_TOO_LONG, size, def) && ok;
       }
     }
-    warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), path, (element.hasChild("data") || element.hasChild("url")) || (element.hasChild("contentType") || element.hasChild("language")), 
+    warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), path, (element.hasChild("data", false) || element.hasChild("url", false)) || (element.hasChild("contentType", false) || element.hasChild("language", false)), 
           I18nConstants.TYPE_SPECIFIC_CHECKS_DT_ATT_NO_CONTENT);
     return ok;
   }
@@ -3629,15 +3629,15 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkRange(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Range fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".low", focus.getNamedChild("low"), fixed.getLow(), fixedSource, "low", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".low", focus.getNamedChild("low", false), fixed.getLow(), fixedSource, "low", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".high", focus.getNamedChild("high"), fixed.getHigh(), fixedSource, "high", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".high", focus.getNamedChild("high", false), fixed.getHigh(), fixedSource, "high", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
   private boolean checkRatio(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Ratio fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".numerator", focus.getNamedChild("numerator"), fixed.getNumerator(), fixedSource, "numerator", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".numerator", focus.getNamedChild("numerator", false), fixed.getNumerator(), fixedSource, "numerator", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".denominator", focus.getNamedChild("denominator"), fixed.getDenominator(), fixedSource, "denominator", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".denominator", focus.getNamedChild("denominator", false), fixed.getDenominator(), fixedSource, "denominator", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
@@ -3657,7 +3657,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       if (!path.contains("element.pattern")) { // this business rule doesn't apply to patterns
         if (Utilities.noString(reference.getIdentifier().getSystem()) && Utilities.noString(reference.getIdentifier().getValue())) {
           warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), path,
-            !Utilities.noString(element.getNamedChildValue("display")), I18nConstants.REFERENCE_REF_NODISPLAY);
+            !Utilities.noString(element.getNamedChildValue("display", false)), I18nConstants.REFERENCE_REF_NODISPLAY);
         }
       }
       return true;
@@ -4034,33 +4034,33 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkSampledData(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, SampledData fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".origin", focus.getNamedChild("origin"), fixed.getOrigin(), fixedSource, "origin", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".origin", focus.getNamedChild("origin", false), fixed.getOrigin(), fixedSource, "origin", focus, pattern) && ok;
     if (VersionUtilities.isR5VerOrLater(context.getVersion())) {
-      ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".interval", focus.getNamedChild("period"), fixed.getIntervalElement(), fixedSource, "interval", focus, pattern) && ok;
+      ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".interval", focus.getNamedChild("period", false), fixed.getIntervalElement(), fixedSource, "interval", focus, pattern) && ok;
-      ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".intervalUnit", focus.getNamedChild("period"), fixed.getIntervalUnitElement(), fixedSource, "intervalUnit", focus, pattern) && ok;
+      ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".intervalUnit", focus.getNamedChild("period", false), fixed.getIntervalUnitElement(), fixedSource, "intervalUnit", focus, pattern) && ok;
     } else {
-      ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".period", focus.getNamedChild("period"), fixed.getIntervalElement(), fixedSource, "period", focus, pattern) && ok;
+      ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".period", focus.getNamedChild("period", false), fixed.getIntervalElement(), fixedSource, "period", focus, pattern) && ok;
     }
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".factor", focus.getNamedChild("factor"), fixed.getFactorElement(), fixedSource, "factor", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".factor", focus.getNamedChild("factor", false), fixed.getFactorElement(), fixedSource, "factor", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".lowerLimit", focus.getNamedChild("lowerLimit"), fixed.getLowerLimitElement(), fixedSource, "lowerLimit", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".lowerLimit", focus.getNamedChild("lowerLimit", false), fixed.getLowerLimitElement(), fixedSource, "lowerLimit", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".upperLimit", focus.getNamedChild("upperLimit"), fixed.getUpperLimitElement(), fixedSource, "upperLimit", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".upperLimit", focus.getNamedChild("upperLimit", false), fixed.getUpperLimitElement(), fixedSource, "upperLimit", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".dimensions", focus.getNamedChild("dimensions"), fixed.getDimensionsElement(), fixedSource, "dimensions", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".dimensions", focus.getNamedChild("dimensions", false), fixed.getDimensionsElement(), fixedSource, "dimensions", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".data", focus.getNamedChild("data"), fixed.getDataElement(), fixedSource, "data", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".data", focus.getNamedChild("data", false), fixed.getDataElement(), fixedSource, "data", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
   private boolean checkReference(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Reference fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".reference", focus.getNamedChild("reference"), fixed.getReferenceElement_(), fixedSource, "reference", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".reference", focus.getNamedChild("reference", false), fixed.getReferenceElement_(), fixedSource, "reference", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".type", focus.getNamedChild("type"), fixed.getTypeElement(), fixedSource, "type", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".type", focus.getNamedChild("type", false), fixed.getTypeElement(), fixedSource, "type", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".identifier", focus.getNamedChild("identifier"), fixed.getIdentifier(), fixedSource, "identifier", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".identifier", focus.getNamedChild("identifier", false), fixed.getIdentifier(), fixedSource, "identifier", focus, pattern) && ok;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".display", focus.getNamedChild("display"), fixed.getDisplayElement(), fixedSource, "display", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".display", focus.getNamedChild("display", false), fixed.getDisplayElement(), fixedSource, "display", focus, pattern) && ok;
     return ok;
   }
 
   private boolean checkTiming(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element focus, Timing fixed, String fixedSource, boolean pattern) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".repeat", focus.getNamedChild("repeat"), fixed.getRepeat(), fixedSource, "value", focus, pattern) && ok;
+    ok = checkFixedValue(errors, path + ".repeat", focus.getNamedChild("repeat", false), fixed.getRepeat(), fixedSource, "value", focus, pattern) && ok;
 
     List<Element> events = new ArrayList<Element>();
     focus.getNamedChildren("event", events);
@@ -4157,7 +4157,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     container.getNamedChildren("contained", contained);
     for (int i = 0; i < contained.size(); i++) {
       Element we = contained.get(i);
-      if (id.equals(we.getNamedChildValue(ID))) {
+      if (id.equals(we.getNamedChildValue(ID, false))) {
         return new IndexedElement(i, we, null);
       }
     }
@@ -4235,7 +4235,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private Element getExtensionByUrl(List<Element> extensions, String urlSimple) {
     for (Element e : extensions) {
-      if (urlSimple.equals(e.getNamedChildValue("url")))
+      if (urlSimple.equals(e.getNamedChildValue("url", false)))
         return e;
     }
     return null;
@@ -4556,8 +4556,8 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     int i = 0;
     for (Element child : params.getElement().getChildren("parameter")) {
       NodeStack p = params.push(child, i, child.getProperty().getDefinition(), child.getProperty().getDefinition());
-      if (child.hasChild("resource")) {
+      if (child.hasChild("resource", false)) {
-        Element res = child.getNamedChild("resource");
+        Element res = child.getNamedChild("resource", false);
         if ((res.fhirType()+"/"+res.getIdBase()).equals(ref)) {
           return p.push(res, -1, res.getProperty().getDefinition(), res.getProperty().getDefinition());
         }
@@ -4574,8 +4574,8 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     int i = 0;
     for (Element child : param.getChildren("part")) {
       NodeStack p = pp.push(child, i, child.getProperty().getDefinition(), child.getProperty().getDefinition());
-      if (child.hasChild("resource")) {
+      if (child.hasChild("resource", false)) {
-        Element res = child.getNamedChild("resource");
+        Element res = child.getNamedChild("resource", false);
         if ((res.fhirType()+"/"+res.getIdBase()).equals(ref)) {
           return p.push(res, -1, res.getProperty().getDefinition(), res.getProperty().getDefinition());
         }
@@ -5216,7 +5216,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     }
   
   
-    Element meta = element.getNamedChild(META);
+    Element meta = element.getNamedChild(META, false);
     if (meta != null) {
       List<Element> profiles = new ArrayList<Element>();
       meta.getNamedChildren("profile", profiles);
@@ -5361,7 +5361,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       List<Element> entries = element.getChildrenByName(ENTRY);
       for (Element entry : entries) {
         String fu = entry.getChildValue(FULL_URL);
-        Element r = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+        Element r = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         if (r != null) {
           resolveBundleReferencesInResource(list, r, fu);
         }
@@ -5385,9 +5385,9 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       if (!Utilities.noString(ref)) {
         for (Element bundle : bundles) {
           List<Element> entries = bundle.getChildren(ENTRY);
-          ElementMatch tgt = resolveInBundle(bundle, entries, ref, fu, resource.fhirType(), resource.getIdBase());
+          Element tgt = resolveInBundle(bundle, entries, ref, fu, resource.fhirType(), resource.getIdBase(), null, null, null, element, false);
-          if (tgt != null && tgt.isValid()) {
+          if (tgt != null) {
-            element.setUserData("validator.bundle.resolution", tgt.getElement().getNamedChild(RESOURCE));
+            element.setUserData("validator.bundle.resolution", tgt.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false));
             return;
           }
         }
@@ -5443,7 +5443,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       if (VersionUtilities.getCanonicalResourceNames(context.getVersion()).contains(element.getType())) {
         Base base = element.getExtensionValue(ToolingExtensions.EXT_STANDARDS_STATUS);
         String standardsStatus = base != null && base.isPrimitive() ? base.primitiveValue() : null;
-        String status = element.getNamedChildValue("status");
+        String status = element.getNamedChildValue("status", false);
         if (!Utilities.noString(status) && !Utilities.noString(standardsStatus)) {
           if (warning(errors, "2023-08-14", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), statusCodesConsistent(status, standardsStatus), I18nConstants.VALIDATION_VAL_STATUS_INCONSISTENT, status, standardsStatus)) {
             hint(errors, "2023-08-14", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), statusCodesDeeplyConsistent(status, standardsStatus), I18nConstants.VALIDATION_VAL_STATUS_INCONSISTENT_HINT, status, standardsStatus);          
@@ -5499,14 +5499,14 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
 
   private boolean checkPublisherConsistency(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element element, NodeStack stack) {
 
-    String pub = element.getNamedChildValue("publisher");
+    String pub = element.getNamedChildValue("publisher", false);
     Base wgT = element.getExtensionValue(ToolingExtensions.EXT_WORKGROUP);
     String wg = wgT == null ? null : wgT.primitiveValue();
     List<String> urls = new ArrayList<>();
     for (Element c : element.getChildren("contact")) {      
       for (Element t : c.getChildren("telecom")) {
-        if ("url".equals(t.getNamedChildValue("system")) && t.getNamedChildValue("value") != null) {
+        if ("url".equals(t.getNamedChildValue("system", false)) && t.getNamedChildValue("value", false) != null) {
-          urls.add(t.getNamedChildValue("value"));
+          urls.add(t.getNamedChildValue("value", false));
         }
       }
     }
@@ -5561,17 +5561,17 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
   }
 
   private void checkLang(Element resource, NodeStack stack) {
-    String lang = resource.getNamedChildValue("language");
+    String lang = resource.getNamedChildValue("language", false);
     if (!Utilities.noString(lang))
       stack.setWorkingLang(lang);
   }
 
   private boolean validateResourceRules(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element element, NodeStack stack) {
     boolean ok= true;
-    String lang = element.getNamedChildValue("language");
+    String lang = element.getNamedChildValue("language", false);
-    Element text = element.getNamedChild("text");
+    Element text = element.getNamedChild("text", false);
     if (text != null) {
-      Element div = text.getNamedChild("div");
+      Element div = text.getNamedChild("div", false);
       if (lang != null && div != null) {
         XhtmlNode xhtml = div.getXhtml();
         String l = xhtml.getAttribute("lang");
@@ -5593,14 +5593,14 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       }
     }
     // security tags are a set (system|code)
-    Element meta = element.getNamedChild(META);
+    Element meta = element.getNamedChild(META, false);
     if (meta != null) {
       Set<String> tags = new HashSet<>();
       List<Element> list = new ArrayList<>();
       meta.getNamedChildren("security", list);
       int i = 0;
       for (Element e : list) {
-        String s = e.getNamedChildValue("system") + "#" + e.getNamedChildValue("code");
+        String s = e.getNamedChildValue("system", false) + "#" + e.getNamedChildValue("code", false);
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, e.line(), e.col(), stack.getLiteralPath() + ".meta.profile[" + Integer.toString(i) + "]", !tags.contains(s), I18nConstants.META_RES_SECURITY_DUPLICATE, s) && ok;
         tags.add(s);
         i++;
@@ -5903,10 +5903,10 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     if (!definition.getPath().contains(".") && profile.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_PROFILE_STYLE) && "cda".equals(ToolingExtensions.readStringExtension(profile, ToolingExtensions.EXT_PROFILE_STYLE))) {
       List<Element> templates = element.getChildren("templateId");
       for (Element t : templates) {
-        String tid = t.hasChild("extension") ? "urn:hl7ii:"+t.getChildValue("root")+ ":"+t.getChildValue("extension") : "urn:oid:"+t.getChildValue("root");
+        String tid = t.hasChild("extension", false) ? "urn:hl7ii:"+t.getChildValue("root")+ ":"+t.getChildValue("extension") : "urn:oid:"+t.getChildValue("root");
         StructureDefinition sd = cu.fetchProfileByIdentifier(tid);
         if (sd == null) {
-          hint(errors, "2023-10-20", IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), false, t.hasChild("extension") ? I18nConstants.CDA_UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE_EXT : I18nConstants.CDA_UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE, t.getChildValue("root"), t.getChildValue("extension"));
+          hint(errors, "2023-10-20", IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), false, t.hasChild("extension", false) ? I18nConstants.CDA_UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE_EXT : I18nConstants.CDA_UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE, t.getChildValue("root"), t.getChildValue("extension"));
         } else {
           ElementDefinition ed = sd.getSnapshot().getElementFirstRep();
           if (!element.hasValidated(sd, ed)) {
@@ -6152,7 +6152,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
         ok = checkReference(valContext, errors, ei.getPath(), ei.getElement(), profile, checkDefn, actualType, localStack, pct, mode) && ok;
         // We only check extensions if we're not in a complex extension or if the element we're dealing with is not defined as part of that complex extension
       } else if (type.equals("Extension")) {
-        Element eurl = ei.getElement().getNamedChild("url");
+        Element eurl = ei.getElement().getNamedChild("url", false);
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, ei.getPath(), eurl != null, I18nConstants.EXTENSION_EXT_URL_NOTFOUND)) {
           String url = eurl.primitiveValue();
           thisExtension = url;
@@ -6178,7 +6178,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
         if (defn != null && defn.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_BINDING_STYLE)) {
           String style = ToolingExtensions.readStringExtension(defn, ToolingExtensions.EXT_BINDING_STYLE);
           if ("CDA".equals(style)) {
-            if (!ei.getElement().hasChild("nullFlavor")) {
+            if (!ei.getElement().hasChild("nullFlavor", false)) {
               if (cdaTypeIs(defn, "CS")) {
                 ok = checkCDACodeSimple(valContext, errors, ei.getPath(), ei.getElement(), profile, checkDefn, stack, defn) && ok;              
               } else if (cdaTypeIs(defn, "CV") || cdaTypeIs(defn, "PQ")) {
@@ -6299,8 +6299,8 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
   private boolean checkCDACoding(List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, boolean isPQ, Element element, StructureDefinition profile, ElementDefinition checkDefn, NodeStack stack, StructureDefinition defn, boolean inCodeableConcept, boolean checkDisplay) {
     boolean ok = true;
     String system = null;
-    String code = element.getNamedChildValue(isPQ ? "unit" : "code");
+    String code = element.getNamedChildValue(isPQ ? "unit" : "code", false);
-    String oid = isPQ ? "2.16.840.1.113883.6.8" : element.getNamedChildValue("codeSystem");
+    String oid = isPQ ? "2.16.840.1.113883.6.8" : element.getNamedChildValue("codeSystem", false);
     if (oid != null) {
       Set<String> urls = context.urlsForOid(true, oid);
       if (urls.size() != 1) {
@@ -6319,14 +6319,14 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, element.line(), element.col(), path, code == null, I18nConstants.TERMINOLOGY_TX_SYSTEM_NO_CODE);      
     }
     
-    String version = element.getNamedChildValue("codeSystemVersion");
+    String version = element.getNamedChildValue("codeSystemVersion", false);
-    String display = element.getNamedChildValue("displayName");
+    String display = element.getNamedChildValue("displayName", false);
     return checkCodedElement(errors, path, element, profile, checkDefn, inCodeableConcept, checkDisplay, stack, code, system, version, display) && ok;
   }
 
   private boolean checkCDACodeSimple(ValidationContext valContext, List<ValidationMessage> errors, String path, Element element, StructureDefinition profile, ElementDefinition checkDefn, NodeStack stack, StructureDefinition defn) {
-    if (element.hasChild("code")) {
+    if (element.hasChild("code", false)) {
-      return checkPrimitiveBinding(valContext, errors, path, "code", checkDefn, element.getNamedChild("code"), profile, stack);
+      return checkPrimitiveBinding(valContext, errors, path, "code", checkDefn, element.getNamedChild("code", false), profile, stack);
     } else {
       return false;
     }
@@ -6487,7 +6487,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       if (ed.hasSlicing()) {
         if (slicer != null && slicer.getPath().equals(ed.getPath())) {
           String errorContext = "profile " + profile.getVersionedUrl();
-          if (resource.hasChild(ID) && !resource.getChildValue(ID).isEmpty()) {
+          if (resource.hasChild(ID, false) && !resource.getChildValue(ID).isEmpty()) {
             errorContext += "; instance " + resource.getChildValue("id");
           }
           throw new DefinitionException(context.formatMessage(I18nConstants.SLICE_ENCOUNTERED_MIDWAY_THROUGH_SET_PATH___ID___, slicer.getPath(), slicer.getId(), errorContext));
@@ -6670,14 +6670,14 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     if (ei.getDefinition().hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_ID_EXPECTATION)) {
       return IdStatus.fromCode(ToolingExtensions.readStringExtension(ei.getDefinition(),ToolingExtensions.EXT_ID_EXPECTATION));
     } else if (isBundleEntry(ei.getPath())) {
-      Element req = ep.getNamedChild("request");
+      Element req = ep.getNamedChild("request", false);
-      Element resp = ep.getNamedChild("response");
+      Element resp = ep.getNamedChild("response", false);
-      Element fullUrl = ep.getNamedChild(FULL_URL);
+      Element fullUrl = ep.getNamedChild(FULL_URL, false);
       Element method = null;
       Element url = null;
       if (req != null) {
-        method = req.getNamedChild("method");
+        method = req.getNamedChild("method", false);
-        url = req.getNamedChild("url");
+        url = req.getNamedChild("url", false);
       }
       if (resp != null) {
         return IdStatus.OPTIONAL;
@@ -6840,7 +6840,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
   
   private boolean IsExemptInvariant(String path, Element element, ElementDefinitionConstraintComponent inv) {
     if ("eld-24".equals(inv.getKey())) {
-      String p = element.getNamedChildValue("path");
+      String p = element.getNamedChildValue("path", false);
       return (p != null) && ((p.endsWith("xtension.url") || p.endsWith(".id")));
     }
     return false;
@@ -6883,13 +6883,13 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       // todo: validate everything in this bundle.
     }
     if (rok) {
-      if (idstatus == IdStatus.REQUIRED && (element.getNamedChild(ID) == null)) {
+      if (idstatus == IdStatus.REQUIRED && (element.getNamedChild(ID, false) == null)) {
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.RESOURCE_RES_ID_MISSING) && ok;
-      } else if (idstatus == IdStatus.PROHIBITED && (element.getNamedChild(ID) != null)) {
+      } else if (idstatus == IdStatus.PROHIBITED && (element.getNamedChild(ID, false) != null)) {
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.RESOURCE_RES_ID_PROHIBITED) && ok;
       }
-      if (element.getNamedChild(ID) != null) {
+      if (element.getNamedChild(ID, false) != null) {
-        Element eid = element.getNamedChild(ID);
+        Element eid = element.getNamedChild(ID, false);
         if (eid.getProperty() != null && eid.getProperty().getDefinition() != null && eid.getProperty().getDefinition().getBase().getPath().equals("Resource.id")) {
           NodeStack ns = stack.push(eid, -1, eid.getProperty().getDefinition(), null);
           if (eid.primitiveValue() != null && eid.primitiveValue().length() > 64) {
@@ -6958,7 +6958,7 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     bundle.getElement().getNamedChildren(ENTRY, list);
     if (list.isEmpty())
       return null;
-    Element resource = list.get(0).getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+    Element resource = list.get(0).getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
     if (resource == null)
       return null;
     else {

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/BundleValidator.java

@@ -25,12 +25,40 @@ import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.validation.ValidationMessage.IssueType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.BaseValidator;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.InstanceValidator;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.PercentageTracker;
+import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.type.BundleValidator.StringWithSource;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.utils.EntrySummary;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.utils.IndexedElement;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.utils.NodeStack;
 import org.hl7.fhir.validation.instance.utils.ValidationContext;
 
 public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
+  public class StringWithSource {
+
+    private String reference;
+    private Element source;
+    private boolean warning;
+
+    public StringWithSource(String reference, Element source, boolean warning) {
+      this.reference = reference;
+      this.source = source;
+      this.warning = warning;
+    }
+
+    public String getReference() {
+      return reference;
+    }
+
+    public Element getSource() {
+      return source;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isWarning() {
+      return warning;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+
   public final static String URI_REGEX3 = "((http|https)://([A-Za-z0-9\\\\\\.\\:\\%\\$]*\\/)*)?(Account|ActivityDefinition|AllergyIntolerance|AdverseEvent|Appointment|AppointmentResponse|AuditEvent|Basic|Binary|BodySite|Bundle|CapabilityStatement|CarePlan|CareTeam|ChargeItem|Claim|ClaimResponse|ClinicalImpression|CodeSystem|Communication|CommunicationRequest|CompartmentDefinition|Composition|ConceptMap|Condition (aka Problem)|Consent|Contract|Coverage|DataElement|DetectedIssue|Device|DeviceComponent|DeviceMetric|DeviceRequest|DeviceUseStatement|DiagnosticReport|DocumentManifest|DocumentReference|EligibilityRequest|EligibilityResponse|Encounter|Endpoint|EnrollmentRequest|EnrollmentResponse|EpisodeOfCare|ExpansionProfile|ExplanationOfBenefit|FamilyMemberHistory|Flag|Goal|GraphDefinition|Group|GuidanceResponse|HealthcareService|ImagingManifest|ImagingStudy|Immunization|ImmunizationRecommendation|ImplementationGuide|Library|Linkage|List|Location|Measure|MeasureReport|Media|Medication|MedicationAdministration|MedicationDispense|MedicationRequest|MedicationStatement|MessageDefinition|MessageHeader|NamingSystem|NutritionOrder|Observation|OperationDefinition|OperationOutcome|Organization|Parameters|Patient|PaymentNotice|PaymentReconciliation|Person|PlanDefinition|Practitioner|PractitionerRole|Procedure|ProcedureRequest|ProcessRequest|ProcessResponse|Provenance|Questionnaire|QuestionnaireResponse|ReferralRequest|RelatedPerson|RequestGroup|ResearchStudy|ResearchSubject|RiskAssessment|Schedule|SearchParameter|Sequence|ServiceDefinition|Slot|Specimen|StructureDefinition|StructureMap|Subscription|Substance|SupplyDelivery|SupplyRequest|Task|TestScript|TestReport|ValueSet|VisionPrescription)\\/[A-Za-z0-9\\-\\.]{1,64}(\\/_history\\/[A-Za-z0-9\\-\\.]{1,64})?";
   private String serverBase;
 
@@ -41,7 +69,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   public boolean validateBundle(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, NodeStack stack, boolean checkSpecials, ValidationContext hostContext, PercentageTracker pct, ValidationMode mode) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String type = bundle.getNamedChildValue(TYPE);
+    String type = bundle.getNamedChildValue(TYPE, false);
     type = StringUtils.defaultString(type);
     List<Element> entries = new ArrayList<Element>();
     bundle.getNamedChildren(ENTRY, entries);    
@@ -63,12 +91,12 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
       // Get the stack of the first entry
       NodeStack firstStack = stack.push(firstEntry, 1, null, null);
 
-      String fullUrl = firstEntry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL);
+      String fullUrl = firstEntry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL, false);
 
       if (type.equals(DOCUMENT)) {
-        Element resource = firstEntry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+        Element resource = firstEntry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, firstEntry.line(), firstEntry.col(), stack.addToLiteralPath(ENTRY, PATH_ARG), resource != null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOFIRSTRESOURCE)) {
-          String id = resource.getNamedChildValue(ID);
+          String id = resource.getNamedChildValue(ID, false);
           ok = validateDocument(errors, bundle, entries, resource, firstStack.push(resource, -1, null, null), fullUrl, id) && ok;
         }
         if (!VersionUtilities.isThisOrLater(FHIRVersion._4_0_1.getDisplay(), bundle.getProperty().getStructure().getFhirVersion().getDisplay())) {
@@ -76,9 +104,9 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
         }
         ok = checkAllInterlinked(errors, entries, stack, bundle, false) && ok;
       } else if (type.equals(MESSAGE)) {
-        Element resource = firstEntry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+        Element resource = firstEntry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, firstEntry.line(), firstEntry.col(), stack.addToLiteralPath(ENTRY, PATH_ARG), resource != null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOFIRSTRESOURCE)) {
-          String id = resource.getNamedChildValue(ID);
+          String id = resource.getNamedChildValue(ID, false);
           ok = validateMessage(errors, entries, resource, firstStack.push(resource, -1, null, null), fullUrl, id) && ok;
           ok = checkAllInterlinked(errors, entries, stack, bundle, true) && ok;
         }
@@ -96,7 +124,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
     
     for (Element entry : entries) {
       NodeStack estack = stack.push(entry, count, null, null);
-      String fullUrl = entry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL);
+      String fullUrl = entry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL, false);
       String url = getCanonicalURLForEntry(entry);
       String id = getIdForEntry(entry);
       String rtype = getTypeForEntry(entry);
@@ -118,7 +146,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
       if (url != null) {
         if (!(!url.equals(fullUrl) || (url.matches(urlRegex) && url.endsWith("/" + id))) && !isV3orV2Url(url))
           ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, entry.line(), entry.col(), stack.addToLiteralPath(ENTRY, PATH_ARG), false, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_MISMATCHIDURL, url, fullUrl, id) && ok;
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, entry.line(), entry.col(), stack.addToLiteralPath(ENTRY, PATH_ARG), !url.equals(fullUrl) || serverBase == null || (url.equals(Utilities.pathURL(serverBase, entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE).fhirType(), id))), I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_CANONICAL, url, fullUrl) && ok;
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, entry.line(), entry.col(), stack.addToLiteralPath(ENTRY, PATH_ARG), !url.equals(fullUrl) || serverBase == null || (url.equals(Utilities.pathURL(serverBase, entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false).fhirType(), id))), I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_CANONICAL, url, fullUrl) && ok;
       }
 
       if (!VersionUtilities.isR2Ver(context.getVersion())) {
@@ -128,7 +156,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
       if (rtype != null) {
         int rcount = counter.containsKey(rtype) ? counter.get(rtype)+1 : 0;
         counter.put(rtype, rcount);
-        Element res = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+        Element res = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         NodeStack rstack = estack.push(res, -1, null, null);
         for (BundleValidationRule bvr : validator().getBundleValidationRules()) {
           if (meetsRule(bvr, rtype, rcount, count)) {
@@ -179,7 +207,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean validateDocumentLink(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, List<Element> links, Element link, NodeStack stack, List<Element> entries) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation");
+    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation", false);
     if (relE != null) {
       NodeStack relStack = stack.push(relE, -1, null, null); 
       String rel = relE.getValue();
@@ -188,7 +216,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
         ok = rule(errors, "2022-12-09", IssueType.INVALID, relE.line(), relE.col(), relStack.getLiteralPath(), relationshipUnique(rel, link, links), I18nConstants.BUNDLE_LINK_SEARCH_NO_DUPLICATES, rel) && ok;
       }
       if ("stylesheet".equals(rel)) {
-        Element urlE = link.getNamedChild("url");
+        Element urlE = link.getNamedChild("url", false);
         if (urlE != null) {
           NodeStack urlStack = stack.push(urlE, -1, null, null); 
           String url = urlE.getValue();
@@ -210,7 +238,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
               // has to resolve in the bundle
               boolean found = false;
               for (Element e : entries) {
-                Element res = e.getNamedChild("resource");
+                Element res = e.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
                 if (res != null && (""+res.fhirType()+"/"+res.getIdBase()).equals(url)) {
                   found = true;
                   break;
@@ -227,7 +255,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean validateMessageLink(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, List<Element> links, Element link, NodeStack stack, List<Element> entries) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation");
+    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation", false);
     if (relE != null) {
       NodeStack relStack = stack.push(relE, -1, null, null); 
       String rel = relE.getValue();
@@ -240,7 +268,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
   }
 
   private boolean validateSearchLink(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, List<Element> links, Element link,  NodeStack stack) {
-    String rel = StringUtils.defaultString(link.getNamedChildValue("relation"));
+    String rel = StringUtils.defaultString(link.getNamedChildValue("relation", false));
     if (Utilities.existsInList(rel, "first", "previous", "next", "last", "self")) {
       return rule(errors, "2022-12-09", IssueType.INVALID, link.line(), link.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), relationshipUnique(rel, link, links), I18nConstants.BUNDLE_LINK_SEARCH_NO_DUPLICATES, rel);
     } else {
@@ -250,7 +278,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean relationshipUnique(String rel, Element link, List<Element> links) {
     for (Element l : links) {
-      if (l != link && rel.equals(l.getNamedChildValue("relation"))) {
+      if (l != link && rel.equals(l.getNamedChildValue("relation", false))) {
         return false;
       }
       if (l == link) {
@@ -263,7 +291,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean validateCollectionLink(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, List<Element> links, Element link, NodeStack stack) {
     boolean ok = true;  
-    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation");
+    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation", false);
     if (relE != null) {
       NodeStack relStack = stack.push(relE, -1, null, null); 
       String rel = relE.getValue();
@@ -277,7 +305,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean validateSubscriptionLink(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, List<Element> links, Element link, NodeStack stack) {
     boolean ok = true;  
-    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation");
+    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation", false);
     if (relE != null) {
       NodeStack relStack = stack.push(relE, -1, null, null); 
       String rel = relE.getValue();
@@ -291,7 +319,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean validateTransactionOrBatchLink(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, List<Element> links, Element link, NodeStack stack) {
     boolean ok = true;  
-    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation");
+    Element relE = link.getNamedChild("relation", false);
     if (relE != null) {
       NodeStack relStack = stack.push(relE, -1, null, null); 
       String rel = relE.getValue();
@@ -314,7 +342,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
     if (selfLink == null) {
       warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_NOSELF);
     } else {
-      readSearchResourceTypes(selfLink.getNamedChildValue("url"), types);
+      readSearchResourceTypes(selfLink.getNamedChildValue("url", false), types);
       if (types.size() == 0) {
         hint(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_SELF_NOT_UNDERSTOOD);
       }
@@ -328,7 +356,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
       for (Element entry : entries) {
         NodeStack estack = stack.push(entry, count, null, null);
         count++;
-        Element res = entry.getNamedChild("resource");
+        Element res = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), estack.getLiteralPath(), res != null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_ENTRY_NO_RESOURCE)) {
           NodeStack rstack = estack.push(res, -1, null, null);
           String rt = res.fhirType();
@@ -336,11 +364,11 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
           if (bok == null) {
             typeProblem = true;
             hint(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), rstack.getLiteralPath(), selfLink == null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_ENTRY_TYPE_NOT_SURE);                       
-            String id = res.getNamedChildValue("id");
+            String id = res.getNamedChildValue("id", false);
             warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), rstack.getLiteralPath(), id != null || "OperationOutcome".equals(rt), I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_ENTRY_NO_RESOURCE_ID);
           } else if (bok) {
             if (!"OperationOutcome".equals(rt)) {
-              String id = res.getNamedChildValue("id");
+              String id = res.getNamedChildValue("id", false);
               warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), rstack.getLiteralPath(), id != null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_ENTRY_NO_RESOURCE_ID);
               if (rtype != null && !rt.equals(rtype)) {
                 typeProblem = true;
@@ -366,17 +394,17 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
       for (Element entry : entries) {
         NodeStack estack = stack.push(entry, count, null, null);
         count++;
-        Element res = entry.getNamedChild("resource");
+        Element res = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
         String sm = null;
-        Element s = entry.getNamedChild("search");
+        Element s = entry.getNamedChild("search", false);
         if (s != null) {
-          sm = s.getNamedChildValue("mode");
+          sm = s.getNamedChildValue("mode", false);
         }
         warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), estack.getLiteralPath(), sm != null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_NO_MODE);
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), estack.getLiteralPath(), res != null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_ENTRY_NO_RESOURCE)) {
           NodeStack rstack = estack.push(res, -1, null, null);
           String rt = res.fhirType();
-          String id = res.getNamedChildValue("id");
+          String id = res.getNamedChildValue("id", false);
           if (sm != null) {
             if ("match".equals(sm)) {
               ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, bundle.line(), bundle.col(), rstack.getLiteralPath(), id != null, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_SEARCH_ENTRY_NO_RESOURCE_ID) && ok;
@@ -408,9 +436,9 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
     boolean any = false;
     for (Element entry : entries) {
       String sm = null;
-      Element s = entry.getNamedChild("search");
+      Element s = entry.getNamedChild("search", false);
       if (s != null) {
-        sm = s.getNamedChildValue("mode");
+        sm = s.getNamedChildValue("mode", false);
       }
       if (sm != null) {
         any = true;
@@ -456,7 +484,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private Element getSelfLink(List<Element> links) {
     for (Element link : links) {
-      if ("self".equals(link.getNamedChildValue("relation"))) {
+      if ("self".equals(link.getNamedChildValue("relation", false))) {
         return link;
       }
     }
@@ -524,21 +552,19 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   public boolean validateDocumentReference(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, List<Element> entries, Element composition, NodeStack stack, String fullUrl, String id, boolean repeats, String propName, String title) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    if (repeats) {
+
     List<Element> list = new ArrayList<>();
     composition.getNamedChildren(propName, list);
+    if (repeats) {
       int i = 1;
       for (Element elem : list) {
         ok = validateBundleReference(errors, bundle, entries, elem, title + "." + propName, stack.push(elem, i, null, null), fullUrl, "Composition", id) && ok;
         i++;
       }
-
+    } else if (list.size() > 0) {
-    } else {
+      Element elem = list.get(0);
-      Element elem = composition.getNamedChild(propName);
-      if (elem != null) {
       ok = validateBundleReference(errors, bundle, entries, elem, title + "." + propName, stack.push(elem, -1, null, null), fullUrl, "Composition", id) && ok;
     }
-    }
     return ok;
   }
 
@@ -556,16 +582,14 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean validateBundleReference(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element bundle, List<Element> entries, Element ref, String name, NodeStack stack, String fullUrl, String type, String id) {
     String reference = null;
     try {
-      reference = ref.getNamedChildValue("reference");
+      reference = ref.getNamedChildValue("reference", false);
     } catch (Error e) {
     }
 
     if (ref != null && !Utilities.noString(reference) && !reference.startsWith("#")) {
-      ElementMatch target = resolveInBundle(bundle, entries, reference, fullUrl, type, id);
+      Element target = resolveInBundle(bundle, entries, reference, fullUrl, type, id, stack, errors, name, ref, false);
       if (target == null) {
-        return rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, ref.line(), ref.col(), stack.addToLiteralPath("reference"), false, I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND, reference, name);        
+        return false;
-      } else {
-        return rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, ref.line(), ref.col(), stack.addToLiteralPath("reference"), target.isValid(), I18nConstants.BUNDLE_BUNDLE_ENTRY_NOTFOUND_APPARENT, reference, name);
       }
     }
     return true;
@@ -586,9 +610,9 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
    * @param stack {@link NodeStack}
    */
   private boolean handleSpecialCaseForLastUpdated(Element bundle, List<ValidationMessage> errors, NodeStack stack) {
-    boolean ok = bundle.hasChild(META)
+    boolean ok = bundle.hasChild(META, false)
-      && bundle.getNamedChild(META).hasChild(LAST_UPDATED)
+      && bundle.getNamedChild(META, false).hasChild(LAST_UPDATED, false)
-      && bundle.getNamedChild(META).getNamedChild(LAST_UPDATED).hasValue();
+      && bundle.getNamedChild(META, false).getNamedChild(LAST_UPDATED, false).hasValue();
     ruleHtml(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, stack.getLiteralPath(), ok, I18nConstants.DOCUMENT_DATE_REQUIRED, I18nConstants.DOCUMENT_DATE_REQUIRED_HTML);
     return ok;
   }
@@ -598,27 +622,24 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
     List<EntrySummary> entryList = new ArrayList<>();
     int i = 0;
     for (Element entry : entries) {
-      Element r = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+      Element r = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
       if (r != null) {
         EntrySummary e = new EntrySummary(i, entry, r);
         entryList.add(e);
-//        System.out.println("Found entry "+e.dbg());
       }
       i++;
     }
     
     for (EntrySummary e : entryList) {
-      Set<String> references = findReferences(e.getEntry());
+      List<StringWithSource> references = findReferences(e.getEntry());
-      for (String ref : references) {
+      for (StringWithSource ref : references) {
-        ElementMatch tgt = resolveInBundle(bundle, entries, ref, e.getEntry().getChildValue(FULL_URL), e.getResource().fhirType(), e.getResource().getIdBase());
+        Element tgt = resolveInBundle(bundle, entries, ref.getReference(), e.getEntry().getChildValue(FULL_URL), e.getResource().fhirType(), e.getResource().getIdBase(), stack, errors, ref.getSource().getPath(), ref.getSource(), ref.isWarning());
-        if (tgt != null && tgt.isValid()) {
+        if (tgt != null) { 
-          EntrySummary t = entryForTarget(entryList, tgt.getElement());
+          EntrySummary t = entryForTarget(entryList, tgt); 
           if (t != null ) { 
             if (t != e) { 
-//              System.out.println("Entry "+e.getIndex()+" refers to "+t.getIndex()+" by ref '"+ref+"'");
               e.getTargets().add(t); 
             } else { 
-//              System.out.println("Entry "+e.getIndex()+" refers to itself by '"+ref+"'");             
             } 
           } 
         } 
@@ -684,8 +705,8 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private void visitBundleLinks(Set<EntrySummary> visited, List<EntrySummary> entryList, Element bundle) {
     List<Element> links = bundle.getChildrenByName("link");
     for (Element link : links) {
-      String rel = link.getNamedChildValue("relation");
+      String rel = link.getNamedChildValue("relation", false);
-      String url = link.getNamedChildValue("url");
+      String url = link.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
       if (rel != null && url != null) {
         if (Utilities.existsInList(rel, "stylesheet")) {
           for (EntrySummary e : entryList) {
@@ -706,21 +727,21 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
   }
 
   private String getCanonicalURLForEntry(Element entry) {
-    Element e = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+    Element e = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
     if (e == null)
       return null;
-    return e.getNamedChildValue("url");
+    return e.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
   }
 
   private String getIdForEntry(Element entry) {
-    Element e = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+    Element e = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
     if (e == null)
       return null;
-    return e.getNamedChildValue(ID);
+    return e.getNamedChildValue(ID, false);
   }
 
   private String getTypeForEntry(Element entry) {
-    Element e = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+    Element e = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
     if (e == null)
       return null;
     return e.fhirType();
@@ -739,9 +760,9 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
     // TODO: Need to handle _version
     int i = 1;
     for (Element entry : entries) {
-      String fullUrl = entry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL);
+      String fullUrl = entry.getNamedChildValue(FULL_URL, false);
-      Element resource = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+      Element resource = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
-      String id = resource != null ? resource.getNamedChildValue(ID) : null;
+      String id = resource != null ? resource.getNamedChildValue(ID, false) : null;
       if (id != null && fullUrl != null) {
         String urlId = null;
         if (fullUrl.startsWith("https://") || fullUrl.startsWith("http://")) {
@@ -780,7 +801,7 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 //
 //  private boolean followResourceLinks(Element entry, Map<String, Element> visitedResources, Map<Element, Element> candidateEntries, List<Element> candidateResources, List<ValidationMessage> errors, NodeStack stack, int depth) {
 //    boolean ok = true;
-//    Element resource = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE);
+//    Element resource = entry.getNamedChild(RESOURCE, false);
 //    if (visitedResources.containsValue(resource))
 //      return ok;
 //
@@ -801,29 +822,40 @@ public class BundleValidator extends BaseValidator {
 //  }
 
 
-  private Set<String> findReferences(Element start) {
+  private List<StringWithSource> findReferences(Element start) {
-    Set<String> references = new HashSet<String>();
+    List<StringWithSource> references = new ArrayList<StringWithSource>();
     findReferences(start, references);
     return references;
   }
 
-  private void findReferences(Element start, Set<String> references) {
+  private void findReferences(Element start, List<StringWithSource> references) {
     for (Element child : start.getChildren()) {
       if (child.getType().equals("Reference")) {
         String ref = child.getChildValue("reference");
-        if (ref != null && !ref.startsWith("#"))
+        if (ref != null && !ref.startsWith("#") && !hasReference(ref, references))
-          references.add(ref);
+          references.add(new StringWithSource(ref, child, false));
       }
-      if (child.getType().equals("url") || child.getType().equals("uri") || child.getType().equals("canonical")) {
+      if (Utilities.existsInList(child.getType(), "url", "uri"/*, "canonical"*/) &&
+          !Utilities.existsInList(child.getName(), "system") &&
+          !Utilities.existsInList(child.getProperty().getDefinition().getPath(), "Bundle.entry.fullUrl", "Coding.system",  "Identifier.system", "Meta.profile", "Extension.url", "Quantity.system",
+              "MessageHeader.source.endpoint", "MessageHeader.destination.endpoint", "Endpoint.address")) {
         String ref = child.primitiveValue();
-        if (ref != null && !ref.startsWith("#"))
+        if (ref != null && !ref.startsWith("#") && !hasReference(ref, references))
-          references.add(ref);
+          references.add(new StringWithSource(ref, child, true));
       }
       findReferences(child, references);
     }
   }
 
 
+  private boolean hasReference(String ref, List<StringWithSource> references) {
+    for (StringWithSource t : references) {
+      if (ref.equals(t.getReference())) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
 
   // hack for pre-UTG v2/v3
   private boolean isV3orV2Url(String url) {

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/CodeSystemValidator.java

@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ public class CodeSystemValidator  extends BaseValidator {
 
   public boolean validateCodeSystem(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element cs, NodeStack stack, ValidationOptions options) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String url = cs.getNamedChildValue("url");
+    String url = cs.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
-    String content = cs.getNamedChildValue("content");
+    String content = cs.getNamedChildValue("content", false);
-    String caseSensitive = cs.getNamedChildValue("caseSensitive");
+    String caseSensitive = cs.getNamedChildValue("caseSensitive", false);
-    String hierarchyMeaning = cs.getNamedChildValue("hierarchyMeaning");
+    String hierarchyMeaning = cs.getNamedChildValue("hierarchyMeaning", false);
-    String supp = cs.getNamedChildValue("supplements");
+    String supp = cs.getNamedChildValue("supplements", false);
     int count = countConcepts(cs); 
     
     metaChecks(errors, cs, stack, url, content, caseSensitive, hierarchyMeaning, !Utilities.noString(supp), count, supp);
 
-    String vsu = cs.getNamedChildValue("valueSet");
+    String vsu = cs.getNamedChildValue("valueSet", false);
     if (!Utilities.noString(vsu)) {
       hint(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), "complete".equals(content), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_NO_VS_NOTCOMPLETE);
       ValueSet vs;
@@ -98,29 +98,29 @@ public class CodeSystemValidator  extends BaseValidator {
     if (parent.isForPublication()) { 
       if (isHL7(cs)) {
         boolean ok = true;
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "url") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "url") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "version") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "version") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "title") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "title") && ok;                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING_HL7, "name");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING_HL7, "name");                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "status") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "status") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "experimental") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "experimental") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "description") && ok; 
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "description") && ok; 
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("content"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "content") && ok; 
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("content", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "content") && ok; 
         if (!"supplement".equals(cs.getChildValue("content"))) {
-          ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("caseSensitive"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "caseSensitive") && ok;
+          ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("caseSensitive", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "caseSensitive") && ok;
         }
         return ok;
       } else {
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "url");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "url");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "version");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "version");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "title");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "title");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING, "name");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING, "name");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "status");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "status");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "experimental");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "experimental");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "description"); 
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "description"); 
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("content"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "content"); 
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("content", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "content"); 
         if (!"supplement".equals(cs.getChildValue("content"))) {
-          warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("caseSensitive"), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "caseSensitive");
+          warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("caseSensitive", false), I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "caseSensitive");
         }
       }
     }
@@ -130,15 +130,15 @@ public class CodeSystemValidator  extends BaseValidator {
   private void metaChecks(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element cs, NodeStack stack, String url,  String content, String caseSensitive, String hierarchyMeaning, boolean isSupplement, int count, String supp) {
     if (isSupplement) {
       if (!"supplement".equals(content)) {
-        NodeStack s = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("content"), -1, null, null);
+        NodeStack s = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("content", false), -1, null, null);
         rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, s.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_HL7_PRESENT_ELEMENT_SUPPL_WRONG);
       }
       if (!Utilities.noString(caseSensitive)) {
-        NodeStack s = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("caseSensitive"), -1, null, null);
+        NodeStack s = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("caseSensitive", false), -1, null, null);
         rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, s.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_HL7_PRESENT_ELEMENT_SUPPL, "caseSensitive");
       }
       if (!Utilities.noString(hierarchyMeaning)) {
-        NodeStack s = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("hierarchyMeaning"), -1, null, null);
+        NodeStack s = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("hierarchyMeaning", false), -1, null, null);
         rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, s.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_HL7_PRESENT_ELEMENT_SUPPL, "hierarchyMeaning");
       }
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ public class CodeSystemValidator  extends BaseValidator {
       boolean isHL7 = url != null && (url.contains("hl7.org") || url.contains("fhir.org"));
       if (Utilities.noString(content)) {
         NodeStack s = stack;
-        Element c = cs.getNamedChild("content");
+        Element c = cs.getNamedChild("content", false);
         if (c != null) {
           s = stack.push(c, -1, null, null);
         }
@@ -156,12 +156,12 @@ public class CodeSystemValidator  extends BaseValidator {
           warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, s.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_NONHL7_MISSING_ELEMENT, "content");          
         } 
       } else if ("supplement".equals(content)) {
-        NodeStack s = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("content"), -1, null, null);
+        NodeStack s = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("content", false), -1, null, null);
         rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, s.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_HL7_PRESENT_ELEMENT_SUPPL_MISSING);        
       }
       if (Utilities.noString(caseSensitive)) {
         NodeStack s = stack;
-        Element c = cs.getNamedChild("caseSensitive");
+        Element c = cs.getNamedChild("caseSensitive", false);
         if (c != null) {
           s = stack.push(c, -1, null, null);
         }
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public class CodeSystemValidator  extends BaseValidator {
       }      
       if (Utilities.noString(hierarchyMeaning) && hasHeirarchy(cs)) {
         NodeStack s = stack;
-        Element c = cs.getNamedChild("hierarchyMeaning");
+        Element c = cs.getNamedChild("hierarchyMeaning", false);
         if (c != null) {
           s = stack.push(c, -1, null, null);
         }
@@ -185,10 +185,10 @@ public class CodeSystemValidator  extends BaseValidator {
       }     
     }
 
-    if (cs.hasChild("count")) {
+    if (cs.hasChild("count", false)) {
-      int statedCount = Utilities.parseInt(cs.getNamedChildValue("count"), -1);
+      int statedCount = Utilities.parseInt(cs.getNamedChildValue("count", false), -1);
       if (statedCount > -1 && content != null) { // error elsewhere
-        var nstack = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("count"), -1, null, null);
+        var nstack = stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("count", false), -1, null, null);
         switch (content) {
         case "complete": 
           rule(errors, "2023-08-15", IssueType.INVALID, nstack, count == statedCount, I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_COUNT_COMPLETE_WRONG, count, statedCount);
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ public class CodeSystemValidator  extends BaseValidator {
           break;
         case "not-present":
           if (cs.hasChildren("concept")) {
-            hint(errors, "2023-08-15", IssueType.INVALID, stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("concept"), -1, null, null), statedCount > 0, I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_COUNT_NOTPRESENT_ZERO, statedCount);
+            hint(errors, "2023-08-15", IssueType.INVALID, stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("concept", false), -1, null, null), statedCount > 0, I18nConstants.CODESYSTEM_CS_COUNT_NOTPRESENT_ZERO, statedCount);
           }
           break;
         case "supplement": 

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/ConceptMapValidator.java

@@ -187,13 +187,13 @@ public class ConceptMapValidator  extends BaseValidator {
 
   private VSReference readVSReference(Element cm, String... names) {
     for (String n : names) {
-      if (cm.hasChild(n)) {
+      if (cm.hasChild(n, false)) {
-        Element e = cm.getNamedChild(n);
+        Element e = cm.getNamedChild(n, false);
         String ref = null;
         if (e.isPrimitive()) {
           ref = e.primitiveValue();
-        } else if (e.hasChild("reference")) {
+        } else if (e.hasChild("reference", false)) {
-          ref = e.getNamedChildValue("reference");
+          ref = e.getNamedChildValue("reference", false);
         }
         if (ref != null) {
           VSReference res = new VSReference();
@@ -218,9 +218,9 @@ public class ConceptMapValidator  extends BaseValidator {
     ctxt.sourceScope = sourceScope;
     ctxt.targetScope = targetScope;
     
-    Element e = grp.getNamedChild("source");
+    Element e = grp.getNamedChild("source", false);
     if (warning(errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.REQUIRED, grp.line(), grp.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), e != null, I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_SOURCE_MISSING)) {
-      ctxt.source = readCSReference(e, grp.getNamedChild("sourceVersion"));
+      ctxt.source = readCSReference(e, grp.getNamedChild("sourceVersion", false));
       if (ctxt.source.cs != null) {
         if (ctxt.source.cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.NOTPRESENT) {
           ctxt.source.cs = null;
@@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ public class ConceptMapValidator  extends BaseValidator {
         warning(errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.NOTFOUND, grp.line(), grp.col(), stack.push(e, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), sourceScope != null, I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_SOURCE_UNKNOWN, e.getValue());
       }
     }
-    e = grp.getNamedChild("target");
+    e = grp.getNamedChild("target", false);
     if (warning(errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.REQUIRED, grp.line(), grp.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), e != null, I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_TARGET_MISSING)) {
-      ctxt.target = readCSReference(e, grp.getNamedChild("targetVersion"));
+      ctxt.target = readCSReference(e, grp.getNamedChild("targetVersion", false));
       if (ctxt.target.cs != null) {                              
         if (ctxt.target.cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.NOTPRESENT) {
           ctxt.target.cs = null;
@@ -274,14 +274,14 @@ public class ConceptMapValidator  extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean validateGroupElement(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element src, NodeStack stack, Map<String, PropertyDefinition> props, Map<String, String> attribs, ValidationOptions options, GroupContext ctxt) {
     boolean ok = true;
     
-    Element code = src.getNamedChild("code");
+    Element code = src.getNamedChild("code", false);
     if (code != null) {
       NodeStack cstack = stack.push(code, -1, null, null);
       if (ctxt.hasSourceCS()) {
         String c = code.getValue();
         ConceptDefinitionComponent cd = CodeSystemUtilities.getCode(ctxt.source.cs, c);
         if (warningOrError(ctxt.source.cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.COMPLETE, errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.REQUIRED, code.line(), code.col(), cstack.getLiteralPath(), cd != null, I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_SOURCE_CODE_INVALID, c, ctxt.source.cs.getVersionedUrl())) {
-          Element display = src.getNamedChild("display");
+          Element display = src.getNamedChild("display", false);
           if (display != null) {
             warning(errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.REQUIRED, code.line(), code.col(), cstack.getLiteralPath(), CodeSystemUtilities.checkDisplay(ctxt.source.cs, cd, display.getValue()), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_SOURCE_DISPLAY_INVALID, display.getValue(), CodeSystemUtilities.getDisplays(ctxt.source.cs, cd));
           }
@@ -311,14 +311,14 @@ public class ConceptMapValidator  extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean validateGroupElementTarget(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element tgt, NodeStack stack, Map<String, PropertyDefinition> props, Map<String, String> attribs, ValidationOptions options, GroupContext ctxt) {
     boolean ok = true;
 
-    Element code = tgt.getNamedChild("code");
+    Element code = tgt.getNamedChild("code", false);
     if (code != null) {
       NodeStack cstack = stack.push(code, -1, null, null);
       if (ctxt.hasTargetCS()) {
         String c = code.getValue();
         ConceptDefinitionComponent cd = CodeSystemUtilities.getCode(ctxt.target.cs, c);
         if (warningOrError(ctxt.target.cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.COMPLETE, errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.REQUIRED, code.line(), code.col(), cstack.getLiteralPath(), cd != null, I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_TARGET_CODE_INVALID, c, ctxt.target.cs.getVersionedUrl())) {
-          Element display = tgt.getNamedChild("display");
+          Element display = tgt.getNamedChild("display", false);
           if (display != null) {          
             warning(errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.REQUIRED, code.line(), code.col(), cstack.getLiteralPath(), CodeSystemUtilities.checkDisplay(ctxt.target.cs, cd, display.getValue()), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_TARGET_DISPLAY_INVALID, display.getValue(), CodeSystemUtilities.getDisplays(ctxt.target.cs, cd));
           }
@@ -362,8 +362,8 @@ public class ConceptMapValidator  extends BaseValidator {
   
   private boolean validateGroupElementTargetProperty(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element property, NodeStack stack, Map<String, PropertyDefinition> props) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element codeE = property.getNamedChild("code");
+    Element codeE = property.getNamedChild("code", false);
-    Element valueE = property.getNamedChild("value");
+    Element valueE = property.getNamedChild("value", false);
     String code = codeE.getValue();
     if (rule(errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.REQUIRED, codeE.line(), codeE.col(), stack.push(codeE, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), props.containsKey(code), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_TARGET_PROPERTY_INVALID, code, props.keySet())) {
       PropertyDefinition defn = props.get(code);
@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ public class ConceptMapValidator  extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean validateGroupElementTargetAttribute(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element attribute, NodeStack stack, Map<String, String> attribs) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element codeE = attribute.getNamedChild("attribute");
+    Element codeE = attribute.getNamedChild("attribute", false);
-    Element valueE = attribute.getNamedChild("value");
+    Element valueE = attribute.getNamedChild("value", false);
     String code = codeE.getValue();
     if (rule(errors, "2023-03-05", IssueType.REQUIRED, codeE.line(), codeE.col(), stack.push(codeE, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), attribs.containsKey(code), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_GROUP_TARGET_PROPERTY_INVALID, code, attribs.keySet())) {
       NodeStack stackV = stack.push(valueE, -1, null, null);
@@ -404,22 +404,22 @@ public class ConceptMapValidator  extends BaseValidator {
     if (parent.isForPublication()) { 
       if (isHL7(cs)) {
         boolean ok = true;
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "url") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "url") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "version") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "version") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "title") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "title") && ok;                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING_HL7, "name");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING_HL7, "name");                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "status") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "status") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "experimental") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "experimental") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "description") && ok; 
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "description") && ok; 
         return ok;
       } else {
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "url");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "url");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "version");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "version");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "title");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "title");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING, "name");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING, "name");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "status");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "status");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "experimental");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "experimental");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description"), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "description"); 
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description", false), I18nConstants.CONCEPTMAP_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "description"); 
       }
     }
     return true;

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/MeasureValidator.java

@@ -62,22 +62,22 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
       int c = 0;
       for (Element group : groups) {
         NodeStack ns = stack.push(group, c, null, null);
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, group.line(), group.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), groups.size() ==1 || group.hasChild("code"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_CODE);
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, group.line(), group.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), groups.size() ==1 || group.hasChild("code", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_CODE);
         warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, group.line(), group.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), group.hasChildren("population"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_POP);
         int c1 = 0;
         List<Element> pl = group.getChildrenByName("population");
         for (Element p : pl) {
           NodeStack ns2 = ns.push(p, c1, null, null);
-          warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, p.line(), p.col(), ns2.getLiteralPath(), pl.size() == 1 || p.hasChild("code"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_POP_NO_CODE);
+          warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, p.line(), p.col(), ns2.getLiteralPath(), pl.size() == 1 || p.hasChild("code", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_POP_NO_CODE);
           c1++;
         }
         c1 = 0;
         List<Element> stl = group.getChildrenByName("stratifier");
         for (Element st : stl) {
           NodeStack ns2 = ns.push(st, c1, null, null);
-          warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, st.line(), st.col(), ns2.getLiteralPath(), stl.size() == 1 || st.hasChild("code"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_STRATA_NO_CODE);
+          warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, st.line(), st.col(), ns2.getLiteralPath(), stl.size() == 1 || st.hasChild("code", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_STRATA_NO_CODE);
-          if (st.hasChild("criteria")) {
+          if (st.hasChild("criteria", false)) {
-            Element crit = st.getNamedChild("criteria");
+            Element crit = st.getNamedChild("criteria", false);
             NodeStack nsc = ns2.push(crit, -1, null, null);
             ok = validateMeasureCriteria(hostContext, errors, mctxt, crit, nsc) && ok;
           }
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
           List<Element> cpl = group.getChildrenByName("component");
           for (Element cp : cpl) {
             NodeStack ns3 = ns2.push(cp, c2, null, null);
-            warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cp.line(), cp.col(), ns3.getLiteralPath(), cpl.size() == 1 || cp.hasChild("code"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_STRATA_COMP_NO_CODE);
+            warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cp.line(), cp.col(), ns3.getLiteralPath(), cpl.size() == 1 || cp.hasChild("code", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_M_GROUP_STRATA_COMP_NO_CODE);
-            if (cp.hasChild("criteria")) {
+            if (cp.hasChild("criteria", false)) {
-              Element crit = cp.getNamedChild("criteria");
+              Element crit = cp.getNamedChild("criteria", false);
               NodeStack nsc = ns3.push(crit, -1, null, null);
               ok= validateMeasureCriteria(hostContext, errors, mctxt, crit, nsc) && ok;
             }
@@ -109,23 +109,23 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
     boolean ok = true;
     if (parent.isForPublication()) { 
       if (isHL7(cs)) {
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "url") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "url") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "version") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "version") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING_HL7, "name") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING_HL7, "name") && ok;                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "title");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "title");                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "status") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "status") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "experimental") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "experimental") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("publisher"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "publisher") && ok; 
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("publisher", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "publisher") && ok; 
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "description") && ok; 
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "description") && ok; 
       } else {
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "url");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("url", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "url");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "version");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("version", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "version");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING, "name");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("name", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING, "name");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "title");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("title", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "title");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "status");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("status", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "status");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "experimental");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("experimental", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "experimental");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "description"); 
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("description", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "description"); 
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("publisher"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "publisher"); 
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, cs.line(), cs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), cs.hasChild("publisher", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "publisher"); 
       }
     }
     return ok;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   public boolean validateMeasureReport(ValidationContext hostContext, List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element element, NodeStack stack) throws FHIRException {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element m = element.getNamedChild("measure");
+    Element m = element.getNamedChild("measure", false);
     String measure = null;
     if (m != null) {
       /*
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
       Measure msrc = measure.startsWith("#") ? loadMeasure(element, measure.substring(1)) : context.fetchResource(Measure.class, measure);
       timeTracker.sd(t);
       if (warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, m.line(), m.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), msrc != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_M_NOTFOUND, measure)) {
-        boolean inComplete = !"complete".equals(element.getNamedChildValue("status"));
+        boolean inComplete = !"complete".equals(element.getNamedChildValue("status", false));
         MeasureContext mc = new MeasureContext(msrc, element);
         NodeStack ns = stack.push(m, -1, m.getProperty().getDefinition(), m.getProperty().getDefinition());
         hint(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, m.line(), m.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), Utilities.existsInList(mc.scoring(), "proportion", "ratio", "continuous-variable", "cohort"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_M_SCORING_UNK); 
@@ -299,8 +299,8 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
       // but we still check that the code, if both have one, is consistent.
       Element mrg = glist.get(0);
       NodeStack ns = stack.push(mrg, 0, mrg.getProperty().getDefinition(), mrg.getProperty().getDefinition());
-      if (m.groups().get(0).hasCode() && mrg.hasChild("code")) {
+      if (m.groups().get(0).hasCode() && mrg.hasChild("code", false)) {
-        CodeableConcept cc = ObjectConverter.readAsCodeableConcept(mrg.getNamedChild("code"));
+        CodeableConcept cc = ObjectConverter.readAsCodeableConcept(mrg.getNamedChild("code", false));
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrg.line(), mrg.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), hasUseableCode(cc), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_NO_USABLE_CODE)) {
           ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrg.line(), mrg.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), cc.matches(m.groups().get(0).getCode()), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_NO_WRONG_CODE, DataRenderer.display(context, cc), DataRenderer.display(context, m.groups().get(0).getCode())) && ok;
         } else {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
       int i = 0;
       for (Element mrg : glist) {
         NodeStack ns = stack.push(mrg, i, mrg.getProperty().getDefinition(), mrg.getProperty().getDefinition());
-        CodeableConcept cc = ObjectConverter.readAsCodeableConcept(mrg.getNamedChild("code"));
+        CodeableConcept cc = ObjectConverter.readAsCodeableConcept(mrg.getNamedChild("code", false));
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrg.line(), mrg.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), cc != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_NO_CODE)) {
           MeasureGroupComponent mg = getGroupForCode(cc, m.measure());
           if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrg.line(), mrg.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), mg != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_UNK_CODE)) {
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean validateScore(ValidationContext hostContext, MeasureContext m, List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element mrg, NodeStack stack, boolean inProgress) {
     boolean ok = true;
     
-    Element ms = mrg.getNamedChild("measureScore");
+    Element ms = mrg.getNamedChild("measureScore", false);
     // first, we check MeasureReport.type
     if ("data-collection".equals(m.reportType())) {
       ok = banned(errors, stack, ms, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_PROHIBITED_RT) && ok;
@@ -365,11 +365,11 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
     } else if (Utilities.existsInList(m.scoring(), "proportion", "ratio", "continuous-variable")) {
       if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, mrg.line(), mrg.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), ms != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_REQUIRED, m.scoring())) {
         NodeStack ns = stack.push(ms, -1, ms.getProperty().getDefinition(), ms.getProperty().getDefinition());
-        Element v = ms.getNamedChild("value");
+        Element v = ms.getNamedChild("value", false);
         // TODO: this is a DEQM special and should be handled differently
         if (v == null) {
           if (ms.hasExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-deqm/StructureDefinition/extension-alternateScoreType")) {
-            v = ms.getExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-deqm/StructureDefinition/extension-alternateScoreType").getNamedChild("value");
+            v = ms.getExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-deqm/StructureDefinition/extension-alternateScoreType").getNamedChild("value", false);
           }
         }
         if ("proportion".equals(m.scoring())) {
@@ -391,13 +391,13 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
         } else if ("ratio".equals(m.scoring())) {
           //  ratio -  score is a number with no value constraints, and maybe with a unit (perhaps constrained by extension)
           if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, ms.line(), ms.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), v != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED, "ratio")) {
-            Element unit = ms.getNamedChild("code");
+            Element unit = ms.getNamedChild("code", false);
             Coding c = m.measure().hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_Q_UNIT) ? (Coding) m.measure().getExtensionByUrl(ToolingExtensions.EXT_Q_UNIT).getValue() : null;
             if (unit != null) {
               if (c != null) {
                 NodeStack nsc = ns.push(unit, -1, unit.getProperty().getDefinition(), unit.getProperty().getDefinition());
                 ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, unit.line(), unit.col(), nsc.getLiteralPath(), c.getCode().equals(unit.primitiveValue()), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_FIXED, c.getCode()) && ok;
-                Element system = ms.getNamedChild("system");
+                Element system = ms.getNamedChild("system", false);
                 if (system == null) {
                   NodeStack nss = system == null ? ns : ns.push(system, -1, system.getProperty().getDefinition(), system.getProperty().getDefinition());
                   ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, system.line(), system.col(), nss.getLiteralPath(), c.getSystem().equals(system.primitiveValue()), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_FIXED, c.getSystem()) && ok;
@@ -416,13 +416,13 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
         } else if ("continuous-variable".equals(m.scoring())) {
           // continuous-variable - score is a quantity with a unit per the extension
           if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, ms.line(), ms.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), v != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED, "continuous-variable")) {
-            Element unit = ms.getNamedChild("code");
+            Element unit = ms.getNamedChild("code", false);
             Coding c = m.measure().hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_Q_UNIT) ? (Coding) m.measure().getExtensionByUrl(ToolingExtensions.EXT_Q_UNIT).getValue() : null;
             if (unit != null) {
               if (c != null) {
                 NodeStack nsc = ns.push(unit, -1, unit.getProperty().getDefinition(), unit.getProperty().getDefinition());
                 rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, unit.line(), unit.col(), nsc.getLiteralPath(), c.getCode().equals(unit.primitiveValue()), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_FIXED, c.getCode());
-                Element system = ms.getNamedChild("system");
+                Element system = ms.getNamedChild("system", false);
                 if (system == null) {
                   NodeStack nss = system == null ? ns : ns.push(system, -1, system.getProperty().getDefinition(), system.getProperty().getDefinition());
                   ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.CODEINVALID, system.line(), system.col(), nss.getLiteralPath(), c.getSystem().equals(system.primitiveValue()), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_FIXED, c.getSystem()) && ok;
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
   }
 
   private boolean banned(List<ValidationMessage> errors, NodeStack stack, Element parent, String childName, String msgId, Object... params) {
-    Element child = parent.getNamedChild(childName);
+    Element child = parent.getNamedChild(childName, false);
     return banned(errors, stack, child, msgId, params);
   }
   
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
     int i = 0;
     for (Element mrgp : plist) {
       NodeStack ns = stack.push(mrgp, i, mrgp.getProperty().getDefinition(), mrgp.getProperty().getDefinition());
-      CodeableConcept cc = ObjectConverter.readAsCodeableConcept(mrgp.getNamedChild("code"));
+      CodeableConcept cc = ObjectConverter.readAsCodeableConcept(mrgp.getNamedChild("code", false));
       if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrgp.line(), mrgp.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), cc != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_POP_NO_CODE)) {
         MeasureGroupPopulationComponent mgp = getGroupPopForCode(cc, mg);
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrg.line(), mrg.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), mgp != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_POP_UNK_CODE)) {
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
       }
     } else {
       ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrgp.line(), mrgp.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), sr.size() == 0, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_POP_NO_SUBJECTS) && ok;
-      warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrgp.line(), mrgp.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), mrgp.hasChild("count"), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_POP_NO_COUNT);      
+      warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrgp.line(), mrgp.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), mrgp.hasChild("count", false), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_POP_NO_COUNT);      
     }
     return ok;
   }
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
     int i = 0;
     for (Element mrgs : slist) {
       NodeStack ns = stack.push(mrgs, i, mrgs.getProperty().getDefinition(), mrgs.getProperty().getDefinition());
-      CodeableConcept cc = ObjectConverter.readAsCodeableConcept(mrgs.getNamedChild("code"));
+      CodeableConcept cc = ObjectConverter.readAsCodeableConcept(mrgs.getNamedChild("code", false));
       if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrgs.line(), mrgs.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), cc != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_POP_NO_CODE)) {
         MeasureGroupStratifierComponent mgs = getGroupStratifierForCode(cc, mg);
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mrg.line(), mrg.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), mgs != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRPST_POP_UNK_CODE)) {

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/ObservationValidator.java

@@ -29,18 +29,18 @@ public class ObservationValidator extends BaseValidator {
     boolean ok = true;
     // all observations should have a subject, a performer, and a time
 
-    ok = bpCheck(errors, IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), element.getNamedChild("subject") != null, I18nConstants.ALL_OBSERVATIONS_SHOULD_HAVE_A_SUBJECT) && ok;
+    ok = bpCheck(errors, IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), element.getNamedChild("subject", false) != null, I18nConstants.ALL_OBSERVATIONS_SHOULD_HAVE_A_SUBJECT) && ok;
     List<Element> performers = new ArrayList<>();
     element.getNamedChildren("performer", performers);
     ok = bpCheck(errors, IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), performers.size() > 0, I18nConstants.ALL_OBSERVATIONS_SHOULD_HAVE_A_PERFORMER) && ok;
     ok = bpCheck(errors, IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), 
-          element.getNamedChild("effectiveDateTime") != null || element.getNamedChild("effectivePeriod") != null || 
+          element.getNamedChild("effectiveDateTime", false) != null || element.getNamedChild("effectivePeriod", false) != null || 
-          element.getNamedChild("effectiveTiming") != null || element.getNamedChild("effectiveInstant") != null, 
+          element.getNamedChild("effectiveTiming", false) != null || element.getNamedChild("effectiveInstant", false) != null, 
           I18nConstants.ALL_OBSERVATIONS_SHOULD_HAVE_AN_EFFECTIVEDATETIME_OR_AN_EFFECTIVEPERIOD, element.getProperty().typeSummary()) && ok;   
     
     // hook in the vital signs 
     if (VersionUtilities.isR4Plus(context.getVersion())) {
-      Element code = element.getNamedChild("code");
+      Element code = element.getNamedChild("code", false);
       List<String> codes = new ArrayList<>();
       if (hasLoincCode(code, codes, "85353-1")) {
         ok = checkObservationAgainstProfile(valContext, errors, element, stack, "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/vitalspanel", "Vital Signs Panel", "LOINC", codes, pct, mode) && ok;
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ public class ObservationValidator extends BaseValidator {
     if (code != null) {
       List<Element> codings = code.getChildren("coding");
       for (Element coding : codings) {
-        if ("http://loinc.org".equals(coding.getNamedChildValue("system")) && Utilities.existsInList(coding.getNamedChildValue("code"), values)) {
+        if ("http://loinc.org".equals(coding.getNamedChildValue("system", false)) && Utilities.existsInList(coding.getNamedChildValue("code", false), values)) {
-          codes.add(coding.getNamedChildValue("code"));
+          codes.add(coding.getNamedChildValue("code", false));
           return true;
         }
       }
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ public class ObservationValidator extends BaseValidator {
     if (code != null) {
       List<Element> codings = code.getChildren("coding");
       for (Element coding : codings) {
-        if ("http://snomed.info/sct".equals(coding.getNamedChildValue("system")) && Utilities.existsInList(coding.getNamedChildValue("code"), values)) {
+        if ("http://snomed.info/sct".equals(coding.getNamedChildValue("system", false)) && Utilities.existsInList(coding.getNamedChildValue("code", false), values)) {
-          codes.add(coding.getNamedChildValue("code"));
+          codes.add(coding.getNamedChildValue("code", false));
           return true;
         }
       }

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/QuestionnaireValidator.java

@@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
         Element ext = e.getExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-derivationType");
         if (warning(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ns, ext != null, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_NO_DERIVATION_TYPE, url)) {
           NodeStack next = ns.push(ext, -1, ext.getProperty().getDefinition(), ext.getProperty().getDefinition());
-          Element v = ext.getNamedChild("value");
+          Element v = ext.getNamedChild("value", false);
           if (warning(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, next, v != null, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_NO_DERIVATION_TYPE_VALUE)) {
             NodeStack nv = next.push(v, -1, v.getProperty().getDefinition(), v.getProperty().getDefinition());
-            String s = v.getNamedChildValue("system");
+            String s = v.getNamedChildValue("system", false);
-            String c = v.getNamedChildValue("code");
+            String c = v.getNamedChildValue("code", false);
             if ("http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-derivationType".equals(s) && "extends".equals(c)) {
               derivations.add(new QuestionnaireDerivation(q, QuestionnaireDerivationMode.EXTENDS));
             } else if ("http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-derivationType".equals(s) && "compliesWith".equals(c)) { 
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
     if ((VersionUtilities.isR4Plus(context.getVersion())) && (item.hasChildren("enableWhen"))) {
       List<Element> ewl = item.getChildren("enableWhen");
       for (Element ew : ewl) {
-        String ql = ew.getNamedChildValue("question");
+        String ql = ew.getNamedChildValue("question", false);
         if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ns, ql != null, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ENABLEWHEN_NOLINK)) {
           Element tgt = getQuestionById(item, ql);
           if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ns, tgt == null, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ENABLEWHEN_ISINNER)) {
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean validateQuestionnaireElementDerivation(List<ValidationMessage> errors, NodeStack ns, Element questionnaire, Element item, QuestionnaireDerivation derivation) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String linkId = item.getNamedChildValue("linkId");
+    String linkId = item.getNamedChildValue("linkId", false);
     QuestionnaireItemComponent qi = derivation.questionnaire.getQuestion(linkId);
     if (qi == null) {
       ok = rule(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.NOTFOUND, ns.getLiteralPath(), derivation.mode == QuestionnaireDerivationMode.EXTENDS, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_NOT_DERIVED, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId) && ok;
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
       // type must be the same
       if (qi.hasType()) {
-        Element e = item.getNamedChild("type");
+        Element e = item.getNamedChild("type", false);
         if (e != null) {
           NodeStack ne = ns.push(e, -1, e.getProperty().getDefinition(), e.getProperty().getDefinition());
           ok = rule(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ne, qi.getType().toCode().equals(e.primitiveValue()), I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_DERIVED_NC_TYPE, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId, qi.getType().toCode(), e.primitiveValue()) && ok;
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
       // if it doesn't repeat, it can't start repeating
       if (!qi.getRepeats()) {
-        Element e = item.getNamedChild("repeats");
+        Element e = item.getNamedChild("repeats", false);
         if (e != null) {
           NodeStack ne = ns.push(e, -1, e.getProperty().getDefinition(), e.getProperty().getDefinition());
           ok = rule(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ne, !"true".equals(e.primitiveValue()), I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_DERIVED_NC_REPEATS, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId) && ok;
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
       
       // if it is required, it can't become un-required
       if (qi.getRequired()) {
-        Element e = item.getNamedChild("required");
+        Element e = item.getNamedChild("required", false);
         if (e != null) {
           NodeStack ne = ns.push(e, -1, e.getProperty().getDefinition(), e.getProperty().getDefinition());
           ok = rule(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ne, "true".equals(e.primitiveValue()), I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_DERIVED_NC_REQUIRED, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId) && ok;
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
       // if it has a definition, it shouldn't change
       if (qi.hasDefinition()) {
-        Element e = item.getNamedChild("definition");
+        Element e = item.getNamedChild("definition", false);
         if (e != null) {
           NodeStack ne = ns.push(e, -1, e.getProperty().getDefinition(), e.getProperty().getDefinition());
           hint(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ne, "true".equals(e.primitiveValue()), I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_DERIVED_NC_DEFINITION, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId, qi.getDefinition());
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
       // if it has maxLength, that can't get longer
       if (qi.hasMaxLength()) {
-        Element e = item.getNamedChild("maxlength");
+        Element e = item.getNamedChild("maxlength", false);
         if (e != null) {
           NodeStack ne = ns.push(e, -1, e.getProperty().getDefinition(), e.getProperty().getDefinition());
           int ml = Utilities.parseInt(e.primitiveValue(), 0);
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
       }
 
       if (qi.hasAnswerOption()) {
-        Element e = item.getNamedChild("answerValueSet");
+        Element e = item.getNamedChild("answerValueSet", false);
         if (rule(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ns, e == null, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_DERIVED_NC_ANSWER_TYPE, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId, "Option", "ValueSet")) {
           // for each answer option here, there must be a matching answer option in the source
           List<Element> list = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
             for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
               Element ao = list.get(i);
               NodeStack nao = ns.push(ao, i, ao.getProperty().getDefinition(), ao.getProperty().getDefinition());
-              Element v = ao.getNamedChild("value");
+              Element v = ao.getNamedChild("value", false);
               if (v != null) {
                 boolean aok = false;
                 switch (v.fhirType()) {
@@ -312,10 +312,10 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
                   aok = findAOPrimitive(qi.getAnswerOption(), "string", v.primitiveValue());
                   break;
                 case "Coding": 
-                  aok = findAOCoding(qi.getAnswerOption(), new Coding().setSystem(v.getNamedChildValue("system")).setVersion(v.getNamedChildValue("version")).setCode(v.getNamedChildValue("code")));
+                  aok = findAOCoding(qi.getAnswerOption(), new Coding().setSystem(v.getNamedChildValue("system", false)).setVersion(v.getNamedChildValue("version", false)).setCode(v.getNamedChildValue("code", false)));
                   break;
                 case "Reference": 
-                  aok = findAOReference(qi.getAnswerOption(), new Reference().setReference(v.getNamedChildValue("reference")));
+                  aok = findAOReference(qi.getAnswerOption(), new Reference().setReference(v.getNamedChildValue("reference", false)));
                   break;
                 }
                 ok= rule(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, nao, aok, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_DERIVED_ANSWER_OPTIONS_NEW, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId) && ok;
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
         }
       }
       if (qi.hasAnswerValueSet()) {
-        Element e = item.getNamedChild("answerOption");
+        Element e = item.getNamedChild("answerOption", false);
         if (rule(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ns, e == null, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_DERIVED_NC_ANSWER_TYPE, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId, "ValueSet", "Option")) {
           warning(errors, "2023-06-15", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, ns, e == null, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_Q_ITEM_DERIVED_NI_ANSWER_VS, derivation.questionnaire.getUrl(), linkId);
         } else {
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private Element getQuestionById(Element focus, String ql) {
     List<Element> list = getItems(focus);
     for (Element item : list) {
-      String v = item.getNamedChildValue("linkId");
+      String v = item.getNamedChildValue("linkId", false);
       if (ql.equals(v))
         return item;
       Element tgt = getQuestionById(item, ql);
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
       return true;
     }
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element q = element.getNamedChild("questionnaire");
+    Element q = element.getNamedChild("questionnaire", false);
     String questionnaire = null;
     if (q != null) {
       /*
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
         qok = warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, q.line(), q.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), qsrc != null, I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_QR_Q_NOTFOUND, questionnaire);
       }
       if (qok) {
-        boolean inProgress = "in-progress".equals(element.getNamedChildValue("status"));
+        boolean inProgress = "in-progress".equals(element.getNamedChildValue("status", false));
         ok = validateQuestionannaireResponseItems(hostContext, qsrc, qsrc.q().getItem(), errors, element, stack, inProgress, element, new QStack(qsrc, element)) && ok;
       }
     }
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean validateQuestionnaireResponseItem(ValidationContext hostContext, QuestionnaireWithContext qsrc, QuestionnaireItemComponent qItem, List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element element, NodeStack stack, boolean inProgress, Element questionnaireResponseRoot, QStack qstack) {
     BooleanHolder ok = new BooleanHolder();
     
-    String text = element.getNamedChildValue("text");
+    String text = element.getNamedChildValue("text", false);
     ok.see(rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.INVALID, element.line(), element.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), Utilities.noString(text) || text.equals(qItem.getText()), I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_QR_ITEM_TEXT, qItem.getLinkId()));
 
     List<Element> answers = new ArrayList<Element>();
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
     int lastIndex = -1;
     int counter = 0;
     for (Element item : items) {
-      String linkId = item.getNamedChildValue("linkId");
+      String linkId = item.getNamedChildValue("linkId", false);
       if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, item.line(), item.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), !Utilities.noString(linkId), I18nConstants.QUESTIONNAIRE_QR_ITEM_NOLINKID)) {
         int index = getLinkIdIndex(qItems, linkId);
         if (index == -1) {
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
   }
 
   private boolean validateAnswerCode(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element answer, NodeStack stack, QuestionnaireWithContext qSrc, QuestionnaireItemComponent qItem, boolean theOpenChoice) {
-    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueCoding");
+    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueCoding", false);
     NodeStack ns = stack.push(v, -1, null, null);
     if (qItem.getAnswerOption().size() > 0)
       checkCodingOption(errors, answer, stack, qSrc, qItem, theOpenChoice);
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean checkIntegerOption(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element answer, NodeStack stack, QuestionnaireWithContext qSrc, QuestionnaireItemComponent qItem, boolean openChoice) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueInteger");
+    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueInteger", false);
     NodeStack ns = stack.push(v, -1, null, null);
     if (qItem.getAnswerOption().size() > 0) {
       List<IntegerType> list = new ArrayList<IntegerType>();
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean checkDateOption(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element answer, NodeStack stack, QuestionnaireWithContext qSrc, QuestionnaireItemComponent qItem, boolean openChoice) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueDate");
+    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueDate", false);
     NodeStack ns = stack.push(v, -1, null, null);
     if (qItem.getAnswerOption().size() > 0) {
       List<DateType> list = new ArrayList<DateType>();
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean checkTimeOption(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element answer, NodeStack stack, QuestionnaireWithContext qSrc, QuestionnaireItemComponent qItem, boolean openChoice) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueTime");
+    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueTime", false);
     NodeStack ns = stack.push(v, -1, null, null);
     if (qItem.getAnswerOption().size() > 0) {
       List<TimeType> list = new ArrayList<TimeType>();
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean checkStringOption(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element answer, NodeStack stack, QuestionnaireWithContext qSrc, QuestionnaireItemComponent qItem, boolean openChoice) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueString");
+    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueString", false);
     NodeStack ns = stack.push(v, -1, null, null);
     if (qItem.getAnswerOption().size() > 0) {
       List<StringType> list = new ArrayList<StringType>();
@@ -963,9 +963,9 @@ public class QuestionnaireValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean checkCodingOption(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element answer, NodeStack stack, QuestionnaireWithContext qSrc, QuestionnaireItemComponent qItem, boolean openChoice) {
     boolean ok = true;
     
-    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueCoding");
+    Element v = answer.getNamedChild("valueCoding", false);
-    String system = v.getNamedChildValue("system");
+    String system = v.getNamedChildValue("system", false);
-    String code = v.getNamedChildValue("code");
+    String code = v.getNamedChildValue("code", false);
     NodeStack ns = stack.push(v, -1, null, null);
     if (qItem.getAnswerOption().size() > 0) {
       List<Coding> list = new ArrayList<Coding>();

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/SearchParameterValidator.java

@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ public class SearchParameterValidator extends BaseValidator {
     boolean ok = true;
 //    String url = cs.getNamedChildValue("url");
     
-    if (cs.hasChild("expression")) {
+    if (cs.hasChild("expression", false)) {
       List<String> bases = new ArrayList<>();
       for (Element b : cs.getChildrenByName("base")) {
         bases.add(b.primitiveValue());
       }
-      ok = checkExpression(errors, stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("expression"), -1, null, null), cs.getNamedChildValue("expression"), bases) && ok;
+      ok = checkExpression(errors, stack.push(cs.getNamedChild("expression", false), -1, null, null), cs.getNamedChildValue("expression", false), bases) && ok;
     }
-    String master = cs.getNamedChildValue("derivedFrom");
+    String master = cs.getNamedChildValue("derivedFrom", false);
     if (!Utilities.noString(master)) {
       SearchParameter sp = context.fetchResource(SearchParameter.class, master);
       if (warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE,stack.getLiteralPath(), sp != null, I18nConstants.SEARCHPARAMETER_NOTFOUND, master)) {
@@ -58,15 +58,15 @@ public class SearchParameterValidator extends BaseValidator {
         for (Element b : bl) {
           ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE,stack.getLiteralPath(), sp.hasBase(b.primitiveValue()) || sp.hasBase("Resource"), I18nConstants.SEARCHPARAMETER_BASE_WRONG, master, b.primitiveValue()) && ok;
         }
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE,stack.getLiteralPath(), !cs.hasChild("type") || sp.getType().toCode().equals(cs.getNamedChildValue("type")), I18nConstants.SEARCHPARAMETER_TYPE_WRONG, master, sp.getType().toCode(), cs.getNamedChildValue("type")) && ok;
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE,stack.getLiteralPath(), !cs.hasChild("type", false) || sp.getType().toCode().equals(cs.getNamedChildValue("type", false)), I18nConstants.SEARCHPARAMETER_TYPE_WRONG, master, sp.getType().toCode(), cs.getNamedChildValue("type", false)) && ok;
-        if (sp.hasExpression() && cs.hasChild("expression") && !sp.getExpression().equals(cs.getNamedChildValue("expression"))) {
+        if (sp.hasExpression() && cs.hasChild("expression", false) && !sp.getExpression().equals(cs.getNamedChildValue("expression", false))) {
           List<String> bases = new ArrayList<>();
           for (Element b : cs.getChildren("base")) {
             bases.add(b.primitiveValue());
           }
-          String expThis = canonicalise(cs.getNamedChildValue("expression"), bases);
+          String expThis = canonicalise(cs.getNamedChildValue("expression", false), bases);
           String expOther = canonicalise(sp.getExpression(), bases); 
-          warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE,stack.getLiteralPath(), expThis.equals(expOther), I18nConstants.SEARCHPARAMETER_EXP_WRONG, master, sp.getExpression(), cs.getNamedChildValue("expression"));
+          warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE,stack.getLiteralPath(), expThis.equals(expOther), I18nConstants.SEARCHPARAMETER_EXP_WRONG, master, sp.getExpression(), cs.getNamedChildValue("expression", false));
         }
         
         // todo: check compositions

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/StructureDefinitionValidator.java

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
     StructureDefinition sd = null;
     String typeName = null;
     try {
-      String url = src.getNamedChildValue("url");
+      String url = src.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
       
       sd = loadAsSD(src);
       ok = checkExtensionContext(errors, src, stack) && ok;
@@ -131,22 +131,22 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
       List<Element> differentials = src.getChildrenByName("differential");
       List<Element> snapshots = src.getChildrenByName("snapshot");
-      boolean logical = "logical".equals(src.getNamedChildValue("kind"));
+      boolean logical = "logical".equals(src.getNamedChildValue("kind", false));
-      boolean constraint = "constraint".equals(src.getNamedChildValue("derivation"));
+      boolean constraint = "constraint".equals(src.getNamedChildValue("derivation", false));
       for (Element differential : differentials) {
-        ok = validateElementList(errors, differential, stack.push(differential, -1, null, null), false, snapshots.size() > 0, sd, typeName, logical, constraint, src.getNamedChildValue("type"), src.getNamedChildValue("url"), src.getNamedChildValue("type"), base) && ok;
+        ok = validateElementList(errors, differential, stack.push(differential, -1, null, null), false, snapshots.size() > 0, sd, typeName, logical, constraint, src.getNamedChildValue("type", false), src.getNamedChildValue("url", false), src.getNamedChildValue("type", false), base) && ok;
       }
       for (Element snapshotE : snapshots) {
-        ok = validateElementList(errors, snapshotE, stack.push(snapshotE, -1, null, null), true, true, sd, typeName, logical, constraint, src.getNamedChildValue("type"), src.getNamedChildValue("url"), src.getNamedChildValue("type"), base) && ok;
+        ok = validateElementList(errors, snapshotE, stack.push(snapshotE, -1, null, null), true, true, sd, typeName, logical, constraint, src.getNamedChildValue("type", false), src.getNamedChildValue("url", false), src.getNamedChildValue("type", false), base) && ok;
       }
       
       // obligation profile support
       if (src.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_OBLIGATION_PROFILE_FLAG)) {
         Element ext = src.getExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_OBLIGATION_PROFILE_FLAG);
-        Element value = ext.getNamedChild("value");
+        Element value = ext.getNamedChild("value", false);
         if (value != null && "true".equals(value.primitiveValue())) {
-          if (rule(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), "constraint".equals(src.getNamedChildValue("derivation")), I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_PROFILE_DERIVATION)) {
+          if (rule(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), "constraint".equals(src.getNamedChildValue("derivation", false)), I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_PROFILE_DERIVATION)) {
-            if (warning(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.NOTFOUND, stack.getLiteralPath(), base != null, I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_PROFILE_UKNOWN, src.getNamedChildValue("baseDefinition"))) {
+            if (warning(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.NOTFOUND, stack.getLiteralPath(), base != null, I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_PROFILE_UKNOWN, src.getNamedChildValue("baseDefinition", false))) {
               for (Element differential : differentials) {
                 ok = validateObligationProfile(errors, differential, stack.push(differential, -1, null, null), base) && ok;
               }
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
       List<Element> extensions = src.getChildren("extension");
       int c = 0;
       for (Element extension : extensions) {
-        if (ToolingExtensions.EXT_OBLIGATION_INHERITS.equals(extension.getNamedChildValue("url"))) {
+        if (ToolingExtensions.EXT_OBLIGATION_INHERITS.equals(extension.getNamedChildValue("url", false))) {
           ok = validateInheritsObligationProfile(errors, extension, stack.push(extension, c, null, null), src) && ok;
         }
         c++;
@@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
       }
       
       // if this is defining an extension, make sure that the extension fixed value matches the URL
-      String type = src.getNamedChildValue("type");
+      String type = src.getNamedChildValue("type", false);
       if ("Extension".equals(type)) {
-        String baseD = src.getNamedChildValue("baseDefinition");
+        String baseD = src.getNamedChildValue("baseDefinition", false);
         if ("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension".equals(baseD) && url != null) {
           String fixedUrl = getFixedValue(src);
           if (rule(errors, "2023-08-05", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), fixedUrl != null, I18nConstants.SD_EXTENSION_URL_MISSING, url)) {
@@ -195,12 +195,12 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   
 
   private String getFixedValue(Element src) {
-    Element diff = src.getNamedChild("differential");
+    Element diff = src.getNamedChild("differential", false);
     if (diff != null) {
       for (Element ed : diff.getChildrenByName("element")) {
-        String path = ed.getNamedChildValue("path");
+        String path = ed.getNamedChildValue("path", false);
         if ("Extension.url".equals(path)) {
-          return ed.getNamedChildValue("fixed");
+          return ed.getNamedChildValue("fixed", false);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   }
 
   private boolean validateInheritsObligationProfile(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element extension, NodeStack stack, Element src) {
-    String tgt = extension.getNamedChildValue("value");
+    String tgt = extension.getNamedChildValue("value", false);
     if (rule(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), tgt != null, 
         I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_INHERITS_PROFILE_NO_TARGET)) {
       StructureDefinition sd = context.fetchResource(StructureDefinition.class, tgt);
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
           I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_INHERITS_PROFILE_TARGET_NOT_FOUND, tgt))  {
         if (rule(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), ToolingExtensions.readBoolExtension(sd, ToolingExtensions.EXT_OBLIGATION_PROFILE_FLAG), 
             I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_INHERITS_PROFILE_NOT_RIGHT_TYPE, tgt)) {
-          String base = src.getNamedChildValue("baseDefinition");
+          String base = src.getNamedChildValue("baseDefinition", false);
           if (rule(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), base != null && base.equals(sd.getBaseDefinition()), 
               I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_INHERITS_PROFILE_NOT_RIGHT_BASE, tgt, sd.getBaseDefinition(), base)) {
             return true;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean validateObligationProfileElement(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element element, NodeStack push, StructureDefinition base) {
     // rules: it must exist in the base snapshot 
     // it must only add must-support, obligations and extra bindings
-    String id = element.getNamedChildValue("id");
+    String id = element.getNamedChildValue("id", false);
     ElementDefinition bd = base.getSnapshot().getElementById(id);
     if (rule(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.INVALID, push.getLiteralPath(), bd != null, I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_PROFILE_UNMATCHED, id, base.getVersionedUrl())) {
       boolean ok = true;
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
         }
         NodeStack stack = push.push(child, c, null, null);
         if (child.getName().equals("extension")) {
-          String url = child.getNamedChildValue("url");
+          String url = child.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
           if (Utilities.existsInList(url, ToolingExtensions.EXT_OBLIGATION_CORE, ToolingExtensions.EXT_OBLIGATION_TOOLS)) {
             // this is ok, and it doesn't matter what's in the obligation
           } else {
@@ -304,11 +304,11 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
       }
       NodeStack stack = nstack.push(child, c, null, null);
       if (child.getName().equals("extension")) {
-        String url = child.getNamedChildValue("url");
+        String url = child.getNamedChildValue("url", false);
         if ("http://hl7.org/fhir/tools/StructureDefinition/additional-binding".equals(url) && !VersionUtilities.isR5Plus(context.getVersion())) {
           Element purpose = child.getExtension("purpose");
           if (purpose != null) { // should be an error elsewhere
-            String code = purpose.getNamedChildValue("value");
+            String code = purpose.getNamedChildValue("value", false);
 
             ok = rule(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), !Utilities.existsInList(code, "maximum", "required", "extensible"), 
                 I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_PROFILE_INVALID_BINDING_CODE, id, code) && ok;
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
               I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_PROFILE_ILLEGAL, id, child.getName()+"#"+url);
         }
       } else if (child.getName().equals("additional") && VersionUtilities.isR5Plus(context.getVersion())) {
-        String code = child.getNamedChildValue("purpose");
+        String code = child.getNamedChildValue("purpose", false);
         ok = rule(errors, "2023-05-27", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), !Utilities.existsInList(code, "maximum", "required", "extensible"), 
             I18nConstants.SD_OBGLIGATION_PROFILE_INVALID_BINDING_CODE, id, code) && ok;
       } else if (child.getName().equals("strength")) {
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean checkExtensionContext(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element src, NodeStack stack) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String type = src.getNamedChildValue("type");
+    String type = src.getNamedChildValue("type", false);
     List<Element> eclist = src.getChildren("context");
     List<Element> cilist = src.getChildren("contextInvariant");
     int i = 0;
@@ -349,14 +349,14 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
         String ct = null;
         String cv = null; 
         if (VersionUtilities.isR4Plus(context.getVersion())) {
-          ct = ec.getNamedChildValue("type");
+          ct = ec.getNamedChildValue("type", false);
-          cv = ec.getNamedChildValue("expression");          
+          cv = ec.getNamedChildValue("expression", false);          
         } else {
-          ct = src.getNamedChildValue("contextType"); /// todo - this doesn't have the right value
+          ct = src.getNamedChildValue("contextType", false); /// todo - this doesn't have the right value
           cv = ec.primitiveValue();
         }
         if ("element".equals(ct) && "Element".equals(cv)) {
-          warning(errors, "2023-04-23", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, n.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.SD_CONTEXT_SHOULD_NOT_BE_ELEMENT, cv, src.getNamedChildValue("id"));
+          warning(errors, "2023-04-23", IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, n.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.SD_CONTEXT_SHOULD_NOT_BE_ELEMENT, cv, src.getNamedChildValue("id", false));
         }          
       } else {
         ok = rule(errors, "2023-04-23", IssueType.INVALID, n.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.SD_NO_CONTEXT_WHEN_NOT_EXTENSION, type) && ok;
@@ -389,12 +389,12 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean validateElementDefinition(List<ValidationMessage> errors, List<Element> elements, Element element, NodeStack stack, boolean snapshot, boolean hasSnapshot, StructureDefinition sd, String typeName, boolean logical, boolean constraint, Map<String, String> invariantMap, String rootPath, String profileUrl, String profileType, StructureDefinition base) {
     boolean ok = true;
     boolean typeMustSupport = false;
-    String path = element.getNamedChildValue("path");
+    String path = element.getNamedChildValue("path", false);
     ok = rule(errors, "2022-11-02", IssueType.NOTFOUND, stack.getLiteralPath(), typeName == null || path == null || path.equals(typeName) || path.startsWith(typeName+"."), I18nConstants.SD_PATH_TYPE_MISMATCH, typeName, path) && ok;
     if (!snapshot) {
-      ok = rule(errors, "2023-01-17", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), path.contains(".") || !element.hasChild("slicing"), I18nConstants.SD_NO_SLICING_ON_ROOT, path) && ok;
+      ok = rule(errors, "2023-01-17", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), path.contains(".") || !element.hasChild("slicing", false), I18nConstants.SD_NO_SLICING_ON_ROOT, path) && ok;
     }
-    ok = rule(errors, "2023-05-22", IssueType.NOTFOUND, stack.getLiteralPath(), snapshot || !constraint || !element.hasChild("meaningWhenMissing") || meaningWhenMissingAllowed(element), I18nConstants.SD_ELEMENT_NOT_IN_CONSTRAINT, "meaningWhenMissing", path) && ok;
+    ok = rule(errors, "2023-05-22", IssueType.NOTFOUND, stack.getLiteralPath(), snapshot || !constraint || !element.hasChild("meaningWhenMissing", false) || meaningWhenMissingAllowed(element), I18nConstants.SD_ELEMENT_NOT_IN_CONSTRAINT, "meaningWhenMissing", path) && ok;
     
     List<Element> types = element.getChildrenByName("type");
     Set<String> typeCodes = new HashSet<>();
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
           tc = tcv.primitiveValue();
         }
       }
-      if (Utilities.noString(tc) && type.hasChild("code")) {
+      if (Utilities.noString(tc) && type.hasChild("code", false)) {
         if (VersionUtilities.isR4Plus(context.getVersion())) {
           ok = rule(errors, "2023-03-16", IssueType.INVALID, stack.getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.SD_NO_TYPE_CODE_ON_CODE, path, sd.getId()) && ok;
         }
@@ -449,28 +449,28 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
         hint(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.getLiteralPath(), hasSnapshot || "true".equals(element.getChildValue("mustSupport")), I18nConstants.SD_NESTED_MUST_SUPPORT_DIFF, path);        
       }
     }
-    if (element.hasChild("binding")) {
+    if (element.hasChild("binding", false)) {
       if (!typeCodes.isEmpty()) {
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("can-bind") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "Binding", typeCodes) && ok;
       }
-      Element binding = element.getNamedChild("binding");
+      Element binding = element.getNamedChild("binding", false);
       ok = validateBinding(errors, binding, stack.push(binding, -1, null, null), typeCodes, snapshot, path) && ok;
     } else {
       // this is a good idea but there's plenty of cases where the rule isn't met; maybe one day it's worth investing the time to exclude these cases and bring this rule back
 //      String bt = boundType(typeCodes);
-//      hint(errors, UNKNOWN_DATE_TIME, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), !snapshot || bt == null, I18nConstants.SD_ED_SHOULD_BIND, element.getNamedChildValue("path"), bt);              
+//      hint(errors, UNKNOWN_DATE_TIME, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), !snapshot || bt == null, I18nConstants.SD_ED_SHOULD_BIND, element.getNamedChildValue("path", false), bt);              
     }
     if (!typeCodes.isEmpty()) {
-      if (element.hasChild("maxLength")) {
+      if (element.hasChild("maxLength", false)) {
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-length") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "MaxLength", typeCodes) && ok;      
       }
       if (element.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_MIN_LENGTH)) {
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-length") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "MinLength Extension", typeCodes) && ok;      
       }
-      if (element.hasChild("minValue")) {
+      if (element.hasChild("minValue", false)) {
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-range") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "MinValue", typeCodes) && ok;      
       }
-      if (element.hasChild("maxValue")) {
+      if (element.hasChild("maxValue", false)) {
         ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-range") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "MaxValue", typeCodes) && ok;      
       }
       if (element.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_MAX_DECIMALS)) {
@@ -482,15 +482,15 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
     }
     // in a snapshot, we validate that fixedValue, pattern, and defaultValue, if present, are all of the right type
     if (snapshot && (element.getIdBase() != null) && (element.getIdBase().contains("."))) {
-      if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.getLiteralPath(), !typeCodes.isEmpty() || element.hasChild("contentReference"), I18nConstants.SD_NO_TYPES_OR_CONTENTREF, element.getIdBase())) {     
+      if (rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.getLiteralPath(), !typeCodes.isEmpty() || element.hasChild("contentReference", false), I18nConstants.SD_NO_TYPES_OR_CONTENTREF, element.getIdBase())) {     
         // if we see fixed[x] or pattern[x] applied to a repeating element, we'll give the user a hint
         boolean repeating = !Utilities.existsInList(element.getChildValue("max"), "0", "1");
         
-        Element v = element.getNamedChild("defaultValue");
+        Element v = element.getNamedChild("defaultValue", false);
         if (v != null) {
           ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), typeCodes.contains(v.fhirType()), I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_TYPE_IILEGAL, element.getIdBase(), "defaultValue", v.fhirType(), typeCodes) && ok;
         }
-        v = element.getNamedChild("fixed");
+        v = element.getNamedChild("fixed", false);
         if (v != null) {
           ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), typeCodes.contains(v.fhirType()), I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_TYPE_IILEGAL, element.getIdBase(), "fixed", v.fhirType(), typeCodes) && ok;
           hint(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), !repeating, I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_TYPE_REPEAT_HINT, element.getIdBase(), "fixed");
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
             warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_COMPLEX_FIXED, v.fhirType());            
           }
         }
-        v = element.getNamedChild("pattern");
+        v = element.getNamedChild("pattern", false);
         if (v != null) {
           ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), typeCodes.contains(v.fhirType()), I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_TYPE_IILEGAL, element.getIdBase(), "pattern", v.fhirType(), typeCodes) && ok;
           hint(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), !repeating, I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_TYPE_REPEAT_HINT, element.getIdBase(), "pattern");
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
     List<Element> constraints = element.getChildrenByName("constraint");
     int cc = 0;
     for (Element invariant : constraints) {
-      ok = validateElementDefinitionInvariant(errors, invariant, stack.push(invariant, cc, null, null), invariantMap, elements, element, element.getNamedChildValue("path"), rootPath, profileUrl, profileType, snapshot, base) && ok;
+      ok = validateElementDefinitionInvariant(errors, invariant, stack.push(invariant, cc, null, null), invariantMap, elements, element, element.getNamedChildValue("path", false), rootPath, profileUrl, profileType, snapshot, base) && ok;
       cc++;
     }    
     return ok;
@@ -525,9 +525,9 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean validateElementDefinitionInvariant(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element invariant, NodeStack stack, Map<String, String> invariantMap, List<Element> elements, Element element, 
       String path, String rootPath, String profileUrl, String profileType, boolean snapshot, StructureDefinition base) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String key = invariant.getNamedChildValue("key"); 
+    String key = invariant.getNamedChildValue("key", false); 
-    String expression = invariant.getNamedChildValue("expression");
+    String expression = invariant.getNamedChildValue("expression", false);
-    String source = invariant.getNamedChildValue("source");
+    String source = invariant.getNamedChildValue("source", false);
     if (warning(errors, "2023-06-19", IssueType.INFORMATIONAL, stack, !Utilities.noString(key), I18nConstants.ED_INVARIANT_NO_KEY)) {
       if (hint(errors, "2023-06-19", IssueType.INFORMATIONAL, stack, !Utilities.noString(expression) || VersionUtilities.isR5Plus(context.getVersion()), I18nConstants.ED_INVARIANT_NO_EXPRESSION, key)) { // not for R5 - there's an invariant
         if (snapshot) {// we just don't have enough information to figure out the context in a differential
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
                 }
                 if (types.size() == 0) {
                   // we got to the root before finding anything typed
-                  types.add(elements.get(0).getNamedChildValue("path"));
+                  types.add(elements.get(0).getNamedChildValue("path", false));
                 }
                 List<IssueMessage> warnings = new ArrayList<>();
                 ValidationContext vc = new ValidationContext(invariant);
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private Object listContexts(Element sd) {
     CommaSeparatedStringBuilder b = new CommaSeparatedStringBuilder();
     for (Element e : sd.getChildren("context")) {
-      b.append(e.getNamedChildValue("type")+"="+e.getNamedChildValue("expression"));
+      b.append(e.getNamedChildValue("type", false)+"="+e.getNamedChildValue("expression", false));
     }
     return b.toString();
   }
@@ -627,16 +627,16 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private List<String> listTypeContexts(Element sd) {
     List<String> types = new ArrayList<>();
     for (Element e : sd.getChildren("context")) {
-      switch (e.getNamedChildValue("type")) {
+      switch (e.getNamedChildValue("type", false)) {
       case "fhirpath" :
         break;
       case "element" :
-        types.add(e.getNamedChildValue("expression"));
+        types.add(e.getNamedChildValue("expression", false));
         break;
       case "extension" :
         // this isn't defined?
-        types.add(e.getNamedChildValue("Extension"));
+        types.add(e.getNamedChildValue("Extension", false));
-        types.add(e.getNamedChildValue("Extension.value"));
+        types.add(e.getNamedChildValue("Extension.value", false));
         break;
       default:
       }
@@ -656,16 +656,16 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   }
 
   private String tail(Element te, Element newte) {
-    String p = te.getNamedChildValue("path");
+    String p = te.getNamedChildValue("path", false);
-    String pn = newte.getNamedChildValue("path");
+    String pn = newte.getNamedChildValue("path", false);
     return p.substring(pn.length()+1);
   }
 
   private Element getParent(List<Element> elements, Element te) {
    int i = elements.indexOf(te) - 1;
-   String path = te.getNamedChildValue("path");
+   String path = te.getNamedChildValue("path", false);
    while (i >= 0) {
-     String p = elements.get(i).getNamedChildValue("path");
+     String p = elements.get(i).getNamedChildValue("path", false);
      if (path.startsWith(p+".")) {
        return elements.get(i);
      }
@@ -676,8 +676,8 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private List<String> getTypesForElement(List<Element> elements, Element element, String profileType) {
     List<String> types = new ArrayList<>();
-    if (element.hasChild("path") && !element.getNamedChildValue("path").contains(".")) {
+    if (element.hasChild("path", false) && !element.getNamedChildValue("path", false).contains(".")) {
-      String t = element.getNamedChildValue("path");
+      String t = element.getNamedChildValue("path", false);
       if (profileType.equals(t)) {
         types.add(profileType);
       } else if (profileType.endsWith("/"+t)) {
@@ -687,16 +687,16 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
       }      
     } else {
       for (Element tr : element.getChildrenByName("type")) {
-        String t = tr.getNamedChildValue("code");
+        String t = tr.getNamedChildValue("code", false);
         if (t.startsWith("http://hl7.org/fhirpath")) {
           t = tr.getExtensionValue("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fhir-type").primitiveValue();
         }
         if (t != null) {
           if (isAbstractType(t) && hasChildren(element, elements) ) {
             if (!Utilities.isAbsoluteUrl(profileType)) {
-              types.add(element.getNamedChildValue("path"));
+              types.add(element.getNamedChildValue("path", false));
             } else {
-              types.add(profileType+"#"+element.getNamedChildValue("path"));              
+              types.add(profileType+"#"+element.getNamedChildValue("path", false));              
             }
           } else {
             types.add(t);
@@ -709,9 +709,9 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean hasChildren(Element element, List<Element> elements) {
     int i = elements.indexOf(element);
-    String path = element.getNamedChildValue("path")+".";
+    String path = element.getNamedChildValue("path", false)+".";
     while (i < elements.size()) {
-      String p = elements.get(i).getNamedChildValue("path")+".";
+      String p = elements.get(i).getNamedChildValue("path", false)+".";
       if (p.startsWith(path)) {
         return true;
       }
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean meaningWhenMissingAllowed(Element element) {
     // allowed to use meaningWhenMissing on the root of an element to say what it means when the extension
     // is not present.
-    String path = element.getNamedChildValue("path");
+    String path = element.getNamedChildValue("path", false);
     return path != null && ("Extension".equals(path) || (path.endsWith(".extension")));
   }
 
@@ -866,9 +866,9 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
       hint(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), bindables.size() <= 1, I18nConstants.SD_ED_BIND_MULTIPLE_TYPES, path, typeCodes.toString());
     }
     
-    if (binding.hasChild("valueSet")) {
+    if (binding.hasChild("valueSet", false)) {
-      Element valueSet = binding.getNamedChild("valueSet");
+      Element valueSet = binding.getNamedChild("valueSet", false);
-      String ref = valueSet.hasPrimitiveValue() ? valueSet.primitiveValue() : valueSet.getNamedChildValue("reference");
+      String ref = valueSet.hasPrimitiveValue() ? valueSet.primitiveValue() : valueSet.getNamedChildValue("reference", false);
       if (warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), !snapshot || ref != null, I18nConstants.SD_ED_SHOULD_BIND_WITH_VS, path)) {
         Resource vs = context.fetchResource(Resource.class, ref);
         
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private boolean validateElementType(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element type, NodeStack stack, StructureDefinition sd, String path, boolean logical) {
     boolean ok = true;
-    String code = type.getNamedChildValue("code");
+    String code = type.getNamedChildValue("code", false);
     if (code == null && path != null) {
       code = getTypeCodeFromSD(sd, path);
     } else {
@@ -1118,8 +1118,8 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private String getExtensionValue(Element element, String url) {
     List<Element> extensions = element.getChildrenByName("extension");
     for (Element extension : extensions) {
-      if (url.equals(extension.getNamedChildValue("url"))) {
+      if (url.equals(extension.getNamedChildValue("url", false))) {
-        return extension.getNamedChildValue("value");
+        return extension.getNamedChildValue("value", false);
       }
     }
     return null;

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/StructureMapValidator.java

@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ public class StructureMapValidator extends BaseValidator {
   private boolean hasInputTypes(Element group) {
     List<Element> inputs = group.getChildrenByName("input");
     for (Element input : inputs) {
-      if (!input.hasChild("type")) {
+      if (!input.hasChild("type", false)) {
         return false;
       }
     }
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ public class StructureMapValidator extends BaseValidator {
       grpNames.add(name);
     }
     
-    Element extend = group.getNamedChild("extends");
+    Element extend = group.getNamedChild("extends", false);
     if (extend != null) {
       ResolvedGroup grp = resolveGroup(extend.primitiveValue(), src);
       if (rule(errors, "2023-03-01", IssueType.NOTSUPPORTED, extend.line(), extend.col(), stack.push(extend, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), grp != null, I18nConstants.SM_RULEGROUP_NOT_FOUND, extend.primitiveValue())) {
@@ -774,14 +774,14 @@ public class StructureMapValidator extends BaseValidator {
                 break;
               case "cc" :
                 ok = rule(errors, "2023-05-01", IssueType.INVALID, target.line(), target.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), params.size() == 2 || params.size() == 3, I18nConstants.SM_TARGET_TRANSFORM_MISSING_PARAMS, transform) && ok;
-                ok = checkParamExistsOrPrimitive(errors, params.size() > 0 ? params.get(0).getNamedChild("value") : null, "cc", "system", target, variables, stack, ok, true);
+                ok = checkParamExistsOrPrimitive(errors, params.size() > 0 ? params.get(0).getNamedChild("value", false) : null, "cc", "system", target, variables, stack, ok, true);
-                ok = checkParamExistsOrPrimitive(errors, params.size() > 1 ? params.get(1).getNamedChild("value") : null, "cc", "code", target, variables, stack, ok, true);
+                ok = checkParamExistsOrPrimitive(errors, params.size() > 1 ? params.get(1).getNamedChild("value", false) : null, "cc", "code", target, variables, stack, ok, true);
-                ok = checkParamExistsOrPrimitive(errors, params.size() > 2 ? params.get(2).getNamedChild("value") : null, "cc", "display", target, variables, stack, ok, false);
+                ok = checkParamExistsOrPrimitive(errors, params.size() > 2 ? params.get(2).getNamedChild("value", false) : null, "cc", "display", target, variables, stack, ok, false);
                 break;                
               case "append" :
                 ok = rule(errors, "2023-05-01", IssueType.INVALID, target.line(), target.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), params.size() > 0, I18nConstants.SM_TARGET_TRANSFORM_MISSING_PARAMS, transform) && ok;
                 for (int i = 0; i  < params.size(); i++) {
-                  ok = checkParamExistsOrPrimitive(errors, params.get(1).getNamedChild("value"), "cc", "parameter "+i, target, variables, stack, ok, false);
+                  ok = checkParamExistsOrPrimitive(errors, params.get(1).getNamedChild("value", false), "cc", "parameter "+i, target, variables, stack, ok, false);
                 }
                 break;                
               case "uuid" :
@@ -789,9 +789,9 @@ public class StructureMapValidator extends BaseValidator {
                 break;                
               case "translate":
                 ok = rule(errors, "2023-03-01", IssueType.INVALID, target.line(), target.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), params.size() == 3, I18nConstants.SM_TARGET_TRANSFORM_MISSING_PARAMS, transform) && ok;
-                Element srcE = params.size() > 0 ? params.get(0).getNamedChild("value") : null;
+                Element srcE = params.size() > 0 ? params.get(0).getNamedChild("value", false) : null;
-                Element mapE = params.size() > 1? params.get(1).getNamedChild("value") : null;
+                Element mapE = params.size() > 1? params.get(1).getNamedChild("value", false) : null;
-                Element modeE = params.size() > 2 ? params.get(2).getNamedChild("value") : null;
+                Element modeE = params.size() > 2 ? params.get(2).getNamedChild("value", false) : null;
                 VariableDefn sv = null;
                 // srcE - if it's an id, the variable must exist
                 if (rule(errors, "2023-03-01", IssueType.INVALID, target.line(), target.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), srcE != null, I18nConstants.SM_TARGET_TRANSFORM_TRANSLATE_NO_PARAM, "source")) {
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ public class StructureMapValidator extends BaseValidator {
     List<Element> structures = map.getChildrenByName("structure");
     for (Element structure : structures) {
       String alias = structure.getChildValue("alias");
-      if ((alias != null && alias.equals(type)) && (mode == null || mode.equals(structure.getNamedChildValue("mode")))) {
+      if ((alias != null && alias.equals(type)) && (mode == null || mode.equals(structure.getNamedChildValue("mode", false)))) {
         return structure.getChildValue("url");
       }
     }      
@@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ public class StructureMapValidator extends BaseValidator {
 
   private VariableDefn getParameter(List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element param, NodeStack pstack, VariableSet variables, StructureMapInputMode mode) {
     if (VersionUtilities.isR5Plus(context.getVersion())) {
-      Element v = param.getNamedChild("value");
+      Element v = param.getNamedChild("value", false);
       if (v.fhirType().equals("id")) {
         return variables.getVariable(v.primitiveValue(), mode == StructureMapInputMode.SOURCE);
       } else {

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/ValueSetValidator.java

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public class ValueSetValidator extends BaseValidator {
       List<Element> composes = vs.getChildrenByName("compose");
       int cc = 0;
       for (Element compose : composes) {
-        ok = validateValueSetCompose(errors, compose, stack.push(compose, composes.size() > 1 ? cc : -1, null, null), vs.getNamedChildValue("url"), "retired".equals(vs.getNamedChildValue("url"))) & ok;
+        ok = validateValueSetCompose(errors, compose, stack.push(compose, composes.size() > 1 ? cc : -1, null, null), vs.getNamedChildValue("url", false), "retired".equals(vs.getNamedChildValue("url", false))) & ok;
         cc++;
       }
     }
@@ -76,22 +76,22 @@ public class ValueSetValidator extends BaseValidator {
     if (parent.isForPublication()) { 
       if (isHL7(vs)) {
         boolean ok = true;
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("url"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "url") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("url", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "url") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("version"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "version") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("version", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "version") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("title"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "title") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("title", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "title") && ok;                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("name"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING_HL7, "name");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("name", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING_HL7, "name");                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("status"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "status") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("status", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "status") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("experimental"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "experimental") && ok;                      
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("experimental", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "experimental") && ok;                      
-        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("description"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "description") && ok;
+        ok = rule(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("description", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING_HL7, "description") && ok;
         return ok;
       } else {
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("url"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "url");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("url", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "url");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("version"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "version");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("version", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "version");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("title"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "title");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("title", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "title");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("name"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING, "name");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("name", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_EXTRA_MISSING, "name");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("status"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "status");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("status", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "status");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("experimental"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "experimental");                      
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("experimental", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "experimental");                      
-        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("description"), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "description");
+        warning(errors, NO_RULE_DATE, IssueType.REQUIRED, vs.line(), vs.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), vs.hasChild("description", false), I18nConstants.VALUESET_SHAREABLE_MISSING, "description");
       }
     }
     return true;

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/utils/EnableWhenEvaluator.java

@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ public class EnableWhenEvaluator {
   }
 
   private boolean hasLinkId(Element item, String linkId) {
-    Element linkIdChild = item.getNamedChild(LINKID_ELEMENT);
+    Element linkIdChild = item.getNamedChild(LINKID_ELEMENT, false);
     if (linkIdChild != null && linkIdChild.getValue().equals(linkId)) {
       return true;
     }

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/utils/NodeStack.java

@@ -245,5 +245,4 @@ public class NodeStack {
     return element.col();
   }
 
-
 }

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/ipa/IPAValidator.java

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ public class IPAValidator {
       List<Element> entries = bundle.getChildren("entry");
       int i = 0;
       for (Element entry : entries) {
-        Element resource = entry.getNamedChild("resource");
+        Element resource = entry.getNamedChild("resource", false);
         if (resource != null && resource.fhirType().equals("Patient")) {
           validator.validate(this, vn.getIssues(), "Bundle.entry["+i+"].resource", resource, "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ipa/StructureDefinition/ipa-patient");        
           list.add(resource);
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ public class IPAValidator {
     // we check that there's a self link 
     Element sl = null;
     for (Element e : bundle.getChildren("link")) {
-      if ("self".equals(e.getNamedChildValue("relation"))) {
+      if ("self".equals(e.getNamedChildValue("relation", false))) {
-        sl = e.getNamedChild("url");
+        sl = e.getNamedChild("url", false);
       }
     }
     if (sl == null) {

org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/tests/ValidationTests.java

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public class ValidationTests implements IEvaluationContext, IValidatorResourceFe
   private static final boolean BUILD_NEW = true;
   private static final boolean CLONE = true;
 
-  @Parameters(name = "{index}: id {0}")
+  @Parameters(name = "{0} (#{index})")
   public static Iterable<Object[]> data() throws IOException {
     String contents = TestingUtilities.loadTestResource("validator", "manifest.json");