diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r4b/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4b/renderers/CodeSystemRenderer.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r4b/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4b/renderers/CodeSystemRenderer.java
index 6ec470092..241da9890 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r4b/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4b/renderers/CodeSystemRenderer.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r4b/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4b/renderers/CodeSystemRenderer.java
@@ -95,9 +95,11 @@ public class CodeSystemRenderer extends TerminologyRenderer {
     if (cs.hasProperty()) {
       boolean hasRendered = false;
       boolean hasURI = false;
+      boolean hasDescription = false;
       for (PropertyComponent p : cs.getProperty()) {
         hasRendered = hasRendered || !p.getCode().equals(ToolingExtensions.getPresentation(p, p.getCodeElement()));
         hasURI = hasURI || p.hasUri();
+        hasDescription = hasDescription || p.hasDescription();
       }
       
       x.para().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "Properties", getContext().getLang()));
@@ -111,7 +113,9 @@ public class CodeSystemRenderer extends TerminologyRenderer {
         tr.td().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "URL", getContext().getLang()));
       }
       tr.td().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "Type", getContext().getLang()));
+      if (hasDescription) {
       tr.td().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "Description", getContext().getLang()));
+      }
       for (PropertyComponent p : cs.getProperty()) {
         tr = tbl.tr();
         if (hasRendered) {
@@ -122,21 +126,25 @@ public class CodeSystemRenderer extends TerminologyRenderer {
           tr.td().tx(p.getUri());
         }
         tr.td().tx(p.hasType() ? p.getType().toCode() : "");
+        if (hasDescription) {
         tr.td().tx(p.getDescription());
       }
     }
   }
+  }
 
   private boolean generateCodeSystemContent(XhtmlNode x, CodeSystem cs, boolean hasExtensions, List<UsedConceptMap> maps) throws FHIRFormatError, DefinitionException, IOException {
     XhtmlNode p = x.para();
+    p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system "));
+    p.code().tx(cs.getUrl());
     if (cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.COMPLETE)
-      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system %s defines the following codes", cs.getUrl())+":");
+      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), " defines the following codes")+":");
     else if (cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.EXAMPLE)
-      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system %s defines some example codes", cs.getUrl())+":");
+      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), " defines some example codes")+":");
     else if (cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.FRAGMENT )
-      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system %s defines many codes, of which the following are a subset", cs.getUrl())+":");
+      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), " defines many codes, of which the following are a subset")+":");
     else if (cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.NOTPRESENT ) {
-      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system %s defines many codes, but they are not represented here", cs.getUrl()));
+      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), " defines many codes, but they are not represented here"));
       return false;
     }
     XhtmlNode t = x.table( "codes");
@@ -245,7 +253,7 @@ public class CodeSystemRenderer extends TerminologyRenderer {
       if (cs == null) {
         return false;
       }
-      return CodeSystemUtilities.hasCode(cs, code);
+      return code == null ? false : CodeSystemUtilities.hasCode(cs, code);
     }
     return false;
   }
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/conformance/ProfileUtilities.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/conformance/ProfileUtilities.java
index fa80788e9..670429e76 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/conformance/ProfileUtilities.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/conformance/ProfileUtilities.java
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ public class ProfileUtilities extends TranslatingUtilities {
     }
   }
   
-  public static final String CONSTRAINT_STYLE = "padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; border: 1px maroon solid; font-weight: bold; color: #301212; background-color: #fdeeee;";
+  public static final String CONSTRAINT_STYLE = "padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; border: 1px maroon solid; font-weight: bold; color: #301212; background-color: #fdf4f4;";
   private static final String ROW_COLOR_ERROR = "#ffcccc";
   private static final String ROW_COLOR_FATAL = "#ff9999";
   private static final String ROW_COLOR_WARNING = "#ffebcc";
@@ -3614,6 +3614,7 @@ public class ProfileUtilities extends TranslatingUtilities {
   private static final int AGG_IND = 1;
   private static final int AGG_GR = 2;
   private static final boolean TABLE_FORMAT_FOR_FIXED_VALUES = false;
+  public static final String CONSTRAINT_CHAR = "C";
 
   private Cell genTypes(HierarchicalTableGenerator gen, Row r, ElementDefinition e, String profileBaseFileName, StructureDefinition profile, String corePath, String imagePath, boolean root, boolean mustSupportMode) {
     Cell c = gen.new Cell();
@@ -4365,7 +4366,7 @@ public class ProfileUtilities extends TranslatingUtilities {
       checkForNoChange(element.getIsSummaryElement(), gc.addStyledText(translate("sd.table", "This element is included in summaries"), "\u03A3", null, null, null, false));
     }
     if (element != null && (hasNonBaseConstraints(element.getConstraint()) || hasNonBaseConditions(element.getCondition()))) {
-      Piece p = gc.addText("I");
+      Piece p = gc.addText(ProfileUtilities.CONSTRAINT_CHAR);
       p.setHint(translate("sd.table", "This element has or is affected by some invariants ("+listConstraintsAndConditions(element)+")"));
       p.addStyle(CONSTRAINT_STYLE);
       p.setReference(context.getSpecUrl()+"conformance-rules.html#constraints");
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/CodeSystemRenderer.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/CodeSystemRenderer.java
index ef3309e8e..bb8d121b2 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/CodeSystemRenderer.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/CodeSystemRenderer.java
@@ -95,9 +95,11 @@ public class CodeSystemRenderer extends TerminologyRenderer {
     if (cs.hasProperty()) {
       boolean hasRendered = false;
       boolean hasURI = false;
+      boolean hasDescription = false;
       for (PropertyComponent p : cs.getProperty()) {
         hasRendered = hasRendered || !p.getCode().equals(ToolingExtensions.getPresentation(p, p.getCodeElement()));
         hasURI = hasURI || p.hasUri();
+        hasDescription = hasDescription || p.hasDescription();
       }
       
       x.para().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "Properties", getContext().getLang()));
@@ -111,7 +113,9 @@ public class CodeSystemRenderer extends TerminologyRenderer {
         tr.td().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "URL", getContext().getLang()));
       }
       tr.td().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "Type", getContext().getLang()));
-      tr.td().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "Description", getContext().getLang()));
+      if (hasDescription) {
+        tr.td().b().tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translate("xhtml-gen-cs", "Description", getContext().getLang()));
+      }
       for (PropertyComponent p : cs.getProperty()) {
         tr = tbl.tr();
         if (hasRendered) {
@@ -122,21 +126,25 @@ public class CodeSystemRenderer extends TerminologyRenderer {
           tr.td().tx(p.getUri());
         }
         tr.td().tx(p.hasType() ? p.getType().toCode() : "");
-        tr.td().tx(p.getDescription());
+        if (hasDescription) {
+          tr.td().tx(p.getDescription());
+        }
       }
     }
   }
 
   private boolean generateCodeSystemContent(XhtmlNode x, CodeSystem cs, boolean hasExtensions, List<UsedConceptMap> maps) throws FHIRFormatError, DefinitionException, IOException {
     XhtmlNode p = x.para();
+    p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system "));
+    p.code().tx(cs.getUrl());
     if (cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.COMPLETE)
-      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system %s defines the following codes", cs.getUrl())+":");
+      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), " defines the following codes")+":");
     else if (cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.EXAMPLE)
-      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system %s defines some example codes", cs.getUrl())+":");
+      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), " defines some example codes")+":");
     else if (cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.FRAGMENT )
-      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system %s defines many codes, of which the following are a subset", cs.getUrl())+":");
+      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), " defines many codes, of which the following are a subset")+":");
     else if (cs.getContent() == CodeSystemContentMode.NOTPRESENT ) {
-      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), "This code system %s defines many codes, but they are not represented here", cs.getUrl()));
+      p.tx(getContext().getWorker().translator().translateAndFormat("xhtml-gen-cs", getContext().getLang(), " defines many codes, but they are not represented here"));
       return false;
     }
     XhtmlNode t = x.table( "codes");
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/ProfileDrivenRenderer.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/ProfileDrivenRenderer.java
index 686b6a936..62c9d5412 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/ProfileDrivenRenderer.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/ProfileDrivenRenderer.java
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ import org.hl7.fhir.r5.utils.EOperationOutcome;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.utils.ToolingExtensions;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.utils.XVerExtensionManager;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.utils.XVerExtensionManager.XVerExtensionStatus;
+import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.CommaSeparatedStringBuilder;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.Utilities;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xhtml.NodeType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xhtml.XhtmlComposer;
@@ -306,6 +307,9 @@ public class ProfileDrivenRenderer extends ResourceRenderer {
       return;
 
     Base e = ew.getBase();
+    if (context.isShowComments()) {
+      x = renderCommentsSpan(x, e);
+    }
 
     if (e instanceof StringType)
       x.addText(((StringType) e).getValue());
@@ -436,6 +440,14 @@ public class ProfileDrivenRenderer extends ResourceRenderer {
     }
   }
 
+  private XhtmlNode renderCommentsSpan(XhtmlNode x, Base e) {
+    if (e.hasFormatComment()) {      
+      return x.span(null, CommaSeparatedStringBuilder.join("&#10;", e.getFormatCommentsPre()));
+    } else {
+      return x;
+    }
+  }
+
   private boolean displayLeaf(ResourceWrapper res, BaseWrapper ew, ElementDefinition defn, XhtmlNode x, String name, boolean showCodeDetails) throws FHIRException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
     return displayLeaf(res, ew, defn, x, name, showCodeDetails, true);
   }
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/utils/DOMWrappers.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/utils/DOMWrappers.java
index f7800c7e6..ee4b11ada 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/utils/DOMWrappers.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/utils/DOMWrappers.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xhtml.XhtmlParser;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xml.XMLUtil;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xml.XmlGenerator;
 import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.Node;
 
 public class DOMWrappers {
 
@@ -58,7 +59,15 @@ public class DOMWrappers {
       } catch (org.hl7.fhir.exceptions.FHIRException e) {
         throw new FHIRException(e.getMessage(), e);
       }
-      return context.getParser().parseType(xml, type);
+      Node n = element.getPreviousSibling();
+      Base ret = context.getParser().parseType(xml, type);
+      while (n != null && (n.getNodeType() == Node.COMMENT_NODE || n.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE)) {
+        if (n.getNodeType() == Node.COMMENT_NODE) {
+          ret.getFormatCommentsPre().add(0, n.getTextContent());
+        }
+        n = n.getPreviousSibling();
+      }
+      return ret;
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/utils/RenderingContext.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/utils/RenderingContext.java
index e81bb81d6..57bb8c20d 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/utils/RenderingContext.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/renderers/utils/RenderingContext.java
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ public class RenderingContext {
 
   private QuestionnaireRendererMode questionnaireMode = QuestionnaireRendererMode.FORM;
   private boolean addGeneratedNarrativeHeader = true;
+  private boolean showComments = false;
 
   private FhirPublication targetVersion;
   private Locale locale;
@@ -188,6 +189,7 @@ public class RenderingContext {
     res.dateYearMonthFormat = dateYearMonthFormat;
     res.targetVersion = targetVersion;
     res.locale = locale;
+    res.showComments = showComments;
 
     res.terminologyServiceOptions = terminologyServiceOptions.copy();
     return res;
@@ -453,8 +455,9 @@ public class RenderingContext {
     return targetVersion;
   }
 
-  public void setTargetVersion(FhirPublication targetVersion) {
+  public RenderingContext setTargetVersion(FhirPublication targetVersion) {
     this.targetVersion = targetVersion;
+    return this;
   }
 
   public boolean isTechnicalMode() {
@@ -473,8 +476,9 @@ public class RenderingContext {
     }
   }
 
-  public void setLocale(Locale locale) {
+  public RenderingContext setLocale(Locale locale) {
     this.locale = locale;
+    return this;
   }
 
 
@@ -494,8 +498,9 @@ public class RenderingContext {
     return timeZoneId;
   }
 
-  public void setTimeZoneId(ZoneId timeZoneId) {
+  public RenderingContext setTimeZoneId(ZoneId timeZoneId) {
     this.timeZoneId = timeZoneId;
+    return this;
   }
 
 
@@ -509,12 +514,14 @@ public class RenderingContext {
     return this.dateTimeFormat;
   }
 
-  public void setDateTimeFormat(DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormat) {
+  public RenderingContext setDateTimeFormat(DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormat) {
     this.dateTimeFormat = dateTimeFormat;
+    return this;
   }
 
-  public void setDateTimeFormatString(String dateTimeFormat) {
+  public RenderingContext setDateTimeFormatString(String dateTimeFormat) {
     this.dateTimeFormat = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(dateTimeFormat);
+    return this;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -527,52 +534,67 @@ public class RenderingContext {
     return this.dateFormat;
   }
 
-  public void setDateFormat(DateTimeFormatter dateFormat) {
+  public RenderingContext setDateFormat(DateTimeFormatter dateFormat) {
     this.dateFormat = dateFormat;
+    return this;
   }
 
-  public void setDateFormatString(String dateFormat) {
+  public RenderingContext setDateFormatString(String dateFormat) {
     this.dateFormat = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(dateFormat);
+    return this;
   }
 
   public DateTimeFormatter getDateYearFormat() {
     return dateYearFormat;
   }
 
-  public void setDateYearFormat(DateTimeFormatter dateYearFormat) {
+  public RenderingContext setDateYearFormat(DateTimeFormatter dateYearFormat) {
     this.dateYearFormat = dateYearFormat;
+    return this;
   }
 
-  public void setDateYearFormatString(String dateYearFormat) {
+  public RenderingContext setDateYearFormatString(String dateYearFormat) {
     this.dateYearFormat = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(dateYearFormat);
+    return this;
   }
 
   public DateTimeFormatter getDateYearMonthFormat() {
     return dateYearMonthFormat;
   }
 
-  public void setDateYearMonthFormat(DateTimeFormatter dateYearMonthFormat) {
+  public RenderingContext setDateYearMonthFormat(DateTimeFormatter dateYearMonthFormat) {
     this.dateYearMonthFormat = dateYearMonthFormat;
+    return this;
   }
 
-  public void setDateYearMonthFormatString(String dateYearMonthFormat) {
+  public RenderingContext setDateYearMonthFormatString(String dateYearMonthFormat) {
     this.dateYearMonthFormat = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(dateYearMonthFormat);
+    return this;
   }
 
   public ResourceRendererMode getMode() {
     return mode;
   }
 
-  public void setMode(ResourceRendererMode mode) {
+  public RenderingContext setMode(ResourceRendererMode mode) {
     this.mode = mode;
+    return this;
   }
 
   public boolean isContained() {
     return contained;
   }
 
-  public void setContained(boolean contained) {
+  public RenderingContext setContained(boolean contained) {
     this.contained = contained;
+    return this;
+  }
+  public boolean isShowComments() {
+    return showComments;
+  }
+  public RenderingContext setShowComments(boolean showComments) {
+    this.showComments = showComments;
+    return this;
   }
   
   
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/terminologies/CodeSystemUtilities.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/terminologies/CodeSystemUtilities.java
index 5870f52e6..523538ad4 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/terminologies/CodeSystemUtilities.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/terminologies/CodeSystemUtilities.java
@@ -53,10 +53,13 @@ import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.CodeType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.Coding;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.DataType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.DateTimeType;
+import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.DecimalType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.Enumerations.PublicationStatus;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.terminologies.CodeSystemUtilities.ConceptDefinitionComponentSorter;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.Identifier;
+import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.IntegerType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.Meta;
+import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.StringType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.UriType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.utils.ToolingExtensions;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.StandardsStatus;
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ public class CodeSystemUtilities {
 
     @Override
     public int compare(ConceptDefinitionComponent o1, ConceptDefinitionComponent o2) {
-      return o1.getCode().compareTo(o2.getCode());
+      return o1.getCode().compareToIgnoreCase(o2.getCode());
     }
 
   }
@@ -177,6 +180,58 @@ public class CodeSystemUtilities {
       concept.addProperty().setCode("notSelectable").setValue(new BooleanType(true));    
   }
 
+  public static void setProperty(CodeSystem cs, ConceptDefinitionComponent concept, String code, DataType value) throws FHIRFormatError {
+    defineProperty(cs, code, propertyTypeForValue(value));
+    ConceptPropertyComponent p = getProperty(concept,  code);
+    if (p != null)
+      p.setValue(value);
+    else
+      concept.addProperty().setCode(code).setValue(value);    
+  }
+  
+
+  private static PropertyType propertyTypeForValue(DataType value) {
+    if (value instanceof BooleanType) {
+      return PropertyType.BOOLEAN;
+    }
+    if (value instanceof CodeType) {
+      return PropertyType.CODE;
+    }
+    if (value instanceof Coding) {
+      return PropertyType.CODING;
+    }
+    if (value instanceof DateTimeType) {
+      return PropertyType.DATETIME;
+    }
+    if (value instanceof DecimalType) {
+      return PropertyType.DECIMAL;
+    }
+    if (value instanceof IntegerType) {
+      return PropertyType.INTEGER;
+    }
+    if (value instanceof StringType) {
+      return PropertyType.STRING;
+    }
+    throw new Error("Unknown property type "+value.getClass().getName());
+  }
+
+  private static void defineProperty(CodeSystem cs, String code, PropertyType pt) {
+    String url = "http://hl7.org/fhir/concept-properties#"+code;
+    for (PropertyComponent p : cs.getProperty()) {
+      if (p.getCode().equals(code)) {
+        if (!p.getUri().equals(url)) {
+          throw new Error("URI mismatch for code "+code+" url = "+p.getUri()+" vs "+url);
+        }
+        if (!p.getType().equals(pt)) {
+          throw new Error("Type mismatch for code "+code+" type = "+p.getType()+" vs "+pt);
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    cs.addProperty().setCode(code).setUri(url).setType(pt).setUri(url);
+  
+  }
+
   public static void defineNotSelectableProperty(CodeSystem cs) {
     defineCodeSystemProperty(cs, "notSelectable", "Indicates that the code is abstract - only intended to be used as a selector for other concepts", PropertyType.BOOLEAN);
   }
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/terminologies/ValueSetUtilities.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/terminologies/ValueSetUtilities.java
index ac06329ee..1fc5ca3dd 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/terminologies/ValueSetUtilities.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/terminologies/ValueSetUtilities.java
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package org.hl7.fhir.r5.terminologies;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /*
@@ -47,9 +49,11 @@ import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.UriType;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.ValueSet;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.CodeSystem.ConceptDefinitionComponent;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.CodeType;
+import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.ValueSet.ConceptReferenceComponent;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.ValueSet.ConceptSetComponent;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.ValueSet.ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.model.ValueSet.ValueSetExpansionPropertyComponent;
+import org.hl7.fhir.r5.terminologies.CodeSystemUtilities.ConceptDefinitionComponentSorter;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.terminologies.CodeSystemUtilities.ConceptStatus;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r5.utils.ToolingExtensions;
 import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.StandardsStatus;
@@ -255,4 +259,18 @@ public class ValueSetUtilities {
   }
 
 
+  public static class ConceptReferenceComponentSorter implements Comparator<ConceptReferenceComponent> {
+
+    @Override
+    public int compare(ConceptReferenceComponent o1, ConceptReferenceComponent o2) {
+      return o1.getCode().compareToIgnoreCase(o2.getCode());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  public static void sortInclude(ConceptSetComponent inc) {
+    Collections.sort(inc.getConcept(), new ConceptReferenceComponentSorter());
+  }
+
+
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/FHIRPathEngine.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/FHIRPathEngine.java
index 939d93026..705a3a449 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/FHIRPathEngine.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/FHIRPathEngine.java
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ public class FHIRPathEngine {
       fmt = fmt + " "+worker.formatMessage(I18nConstants.FHIRPATH_LOCATION, location);
     }
     if (holder != null) {      
-      return new PathEngineException(fmt, holder.getStart(), holder.toString());
+       return new PathEngineException(fmt, holder.getStart(), holder.toString());
     } else {
       return new PathEngineException(fmt);
     }
@@ -5503,10 +5503,11 @@ public class FHIRPathEngine {
             if (dt == null) {
               throw makeException(expr, I18nConstants.FHIRPATH_NO_TYPE, ProfileUtilities.sdNs(t.getCode(), worker.getOverrideVersionNs()), "getChildTypesByName");
             }
-            sdl.add(dt);
+            addTypeAndDescendents(sdl, dt, worker.allStructures());
+            // also add any descendant types
           }
       } else {
-        sdl.add(sd);
+        addTypeAndDescendents(sdl, sd, worker.allStructures());
         if (type.contains("#")) {
           tail = type.substring(type.indexOf("#")+1);
           tail = tail.substring(tail.indexOf("."));
@@ -5596,6 +5597,15 @@ public class FHIRPathEngine {
     }
   }
 
+  private void addTypeAndDescendents(List<StructureDefinition> sdl, StructureDefinition dt, List<StructureDefinition> types) {
+    sdl.add(dt);
+    for (StructureDefinition sd : types) {
+      if (sd.hasBaseDefinition() && sd.getBaseDefinition().equals(dt.getUrl()) && sd.getDerivation() == TypeDerivationRule.SPECIALIZATION) {
+        addTypeAndDescendents(sdl, sd, types);
+      }
+    }  
+  }
+
   private void getClassInfoChildTypesByName(String name, TypeDetails result) {
     if (name.equals("namespace")) {
       result.addType(TypeDetails.FP_String);
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/QuestionnaireBuilder.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/QuestionnaireBuilder.java
index 4248ba585..70fa5823b 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/QuestionnaireBuilder.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/QuestionnaireBuilder.java
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireBuilder {
 	        if (u.getValue().startsWith("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/")) { 
 	          ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent cc = vs.getExpansion().addContains();
     	      cc.setCode(u.getValue().substring(40));
-            cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/resource-types");
+            cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/fhir-types");
     	      cc.setDisplay(cc.getCode());
 	        }
         }
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireBuilder {
         ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent cc = vs.getExpansion().addContains();
         cc.setCode(t.getWorkingCode());
         cc.setDisplay(t.getWorkingCode());
-        cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/data-types");
+        cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/fhir-types");
       } else for (UriType u : t.getProfile()) {
         ProfileUtilities pu = new ProfileUtilities(context, null, null);
         StructureDefinition ps = pu.getProfile(profile, u.getValue());
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireBuilder {
           ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent cc = vs.getExpansion().addContains();
 	        cc.setCode(u.getValue());
           cc.setDisplay(ps.getType());
-          cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/resource-types");
+          cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/fhir-types");
         }
       }
     }
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ public class QuestionnaireBuilder {
             Coding cc = new Coding();
             a.setValue(cc);
             cc.setCode(u.getValue().substring(40));
-            cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/resource-types");
+            cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/fhir-types");
           }
         }
       } else {
@@ -502,10 +502,10 @@ public class QuestionnaireBuilder {
 
         if (ps != null) {
           cc.setCode(t.getProfile().get(0).getValue());
-          cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/resource-types");
+          cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/fhir-types");
         } else {
           cc.setCode(t.getWorkingCode());
-          cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/data-types");
+          cc.setSystem("http://hl7.org/fhir/fhir-types");
         }
       }
 
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/ToolingExtensions.java b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/ToolingExtensions.java
index c6903ad5d..c0dd89535 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/ToolingExtensions.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/utils/ToolingExtensions.java
@@ -207,6 +207,9 @@ public class ToolingExtensions {
   public static final String EXT_EXPAND_RULES = "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/valueset-expand-rules";
   public static final String EXT_EXPAND_GROUP = "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/valueset-expand-group";
   public static final String EXT_BINDING_ADDITIONAL = "http://hl7.org/fhir/tools/StructureDefinition/additional-binding";
+  public static final String EXT_MIN_LENGTH = "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/minLength";
+  public static final String EXT_MAX_DECIMALS = "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/maxDecimalPlaces";
+  public static final String EXT_MAX_SIZE = "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/maxSize";
   
   // specific extension helpers
 
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/CommaSeparatedStringBuilder.java b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/CommaSeparatedStringBuilder.java
index c4c917595..2ce6c8095 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/CommaSeparatedStringBuilder.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/CommaSeparatedStringBuilder.java
@@ -108,4 +108,12 @@ public class CommaSeparatedStringBuilder {
     }
     
   }
+
+  public static String join(String sep, List<String> list) {
+    CommaSeparatedStringBuilder b = new CommaSeparatedStringBuilder(sep);
+    for (String s : list) {
+      b.append(s);
+    }
+    return b.toString();
+  }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/i18n/I18nConstants.java b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/i18n/I18nConstants.java
index 439d65e6a..47e2db330 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/i18n/I18nConstants.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/i18n/I18nConstants.java
@@ -381,8 +381,10 @@ public class I18nConstants {
   public static final String SD_ED_BIND_MULTIPLE_TYPES = "SD_ED_BIND_MULTIPLE_TYPES";
   public static final String SD_VALUE_TYPE_IILEGAL = "SD_VALUE_TYPE_IILEGAL";
   public static final String SD_VALUE_TYPE_REPEAT_HINT = "SD_VALUE_TYPE_REPEAT_HINT";
+  public static final String SD_VALUE_COMPLEX_FIXED = "SD_VALUE_COMPLEX_FIXED";
   public static final String SD_VALUE_TYPE_REPEAT_WARNING_DOTNET = "SD_VALUE_TYPE_REPEAT_WARNING_DOTNET";
   public static final String SD_NO_TYPES_OR_CONTENTREF = "SD_NO_TYPES_OR_CONTENTREF";
+  public static final String SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS = "SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS";
   public static final String SEARCHPARAMETER_BASE_WRONG = "SEARCHPARAMETER_BASE_WRONG";
   public static final String SEARCHPARAMETER_EXP_WRONG = "SEARCHPARAMETER_EXP_WRONG";
   public static final String SEARCHPARAMETER_NOTFOUND = "SEARCHPARAMETER_NOTFOUND";
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties
index fb1b82c2b..ca032b05c 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties
@@ -720,3 +720,5 @@ TX_SERVER_NO_BATCH_RESPONSE = The server return null from a batch validation req
 BUNDLE_POSSSIBLE_MATCHES = The bundle contains no match for {1} by the rules of Bundle reference resolution, but it has multiple resources that match {0} by resource type and id
 BUNDLE_BUNDLE_POSSIBLE_MATCH_NO_FU = Entry {0} matches the reference {1} by type and id but it does not match the full target URL {2} by Bundle resolution rules
 BUNDLE_BUNDLE_POSSIBLE_MATCH_WRONG_FU = Entry {0} matches the reference {1} by type and id but it''s fullUrl {2} does not match the full target URL {3} by Bundle resolution rules
+SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS = This element has a {0} but the types to do not make this kind of constraint relevant
+SD_VALUE_COMPLEX_FIXED = For the complex type {0}, consider using a pattern rather than a fixed value to avoid over-constraining the instance
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/ValidatorCli.java b/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/ValidatorCli.java
index ac39d405d..d4fa6951c 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/ValidatorCli.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/ValidatorCli.java
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public class ValidatorCli {
     System.out.println("Loading");
     // Comment this out because definitions filename doesn't necessarily contain version (and many not even be 14 characters long).
     // Version gets spit out a couple of lines later after we've loaded the context
-    String definitions = VersionUtilities.packageForVersion(cliContext.getSv()) + "#" + VersionUtilities.getCurrentVersion(cliContext.getSv());
+    String definitions = "dev".equals(cliContext.getSv()) ? "hl7.fhir.r5.core#current" : VersionUtilities.packageForVersion(cliContext.getSv()) + "#" + VersionUtilities.getCurrentVersion(cliContext.getSv());
     ValidationEngine validator = validationService.initializeValidator(cliContext, definitions, tt);
     tts.end();
     switch (cliContext.getMode()) {
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/InstanceValidator.java b/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/InstanceValidator.java
index 4188ebdd7..903f6b154 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/InstanceValidator.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/InstanceValidator.java
@@ -950,7 +950,9 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
             done = true;
           }           
         } 
-        hint(errors, IssueType.UNKNOWN, element.line(), element.col(), path, done, I18nConstants.TERMINOLOGY_TX_SYSTEM_NOTKNOWN, system);
+        if (!isAllowExamples() || !Utilities.startsWithInList(system, "http://example.org", "https://example.org")) {
+          hint(errors, IssueType.UNKNOWN, element.line(), element.col(), path, done, I18nConstants.TERMINOLOGY_TX_SYSTEM_NOTKNOWN, system);
+        }
         return true;
       } catch (Exception e) {
         return true;
@@ -3205,6 +3207,8 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     if (pol == ReferenceValidationPolicy.CHECK_VALID) {
       // todo....
     }
+    
+    // todo: if the content is a resource, check that Reference.type is describing a resource
   }
 
   private boolean isSuspiciousReference(String url) {
@@ -4994,11 +4998,15 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
       type = checkDefn.getType().get(0).getWorkingCode();
       String stype = ei.getElement().fhirType();
       if (checkDefn.isChoice() && !stype.equals(type)) {
-        if ("Extension".equals(profile.getType())) {
-          // error will be raised elsewhere
-        } else {
+        if (extensionUrl != null && !isAbsolute(extensionUrl)) {
           rule(errors, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), ei.getPath(), false, I18nConstants.EXTENSION_PROF_TYPE, profile.getUrl(), type, stype);
+        } else if (!isAbstractType(type) && !"Extension".equals(profile.getType())) {
+          rule(errors, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), ei.getPath(), stype.equals(type), I18nConstants.EXTENSION_PROF_TYPE, profile.getUrl(), type, stype);                  
         }
+      } else if (!isAbstractType(type)) {
+        rule(errors, IssueType.STRUCTURE, element.line(), element.col(), ei.getPath(), stype.equals(type) || 
+            (Utilities.existsInList(type, "string", "id") && Utilities.existsInList(stype, "string", "id")), // work around a r4 problem with id/string
+            I18nConstants.EXTENSION_PROF_TYPE, profile.getUrl(), type, stype);        
       }
 
       // Excluding reference is a kludge to get around versioning issues
@@ -5231,6 +5239,11 @@ public class InstanceValidator extends BaseValidator implements IResourceValidat
     }
   }
 
+  private boolean isAbstractType(String type) {
+    StructureDefinition sd = context.fetchTypeDefinition(type);
+    return sd != null && sd.getAbstract();
+  }
+
   private boolean isResourceAndTypes(ElementDefinition ed) {
     if (!Utilities.existsInList(ed.getBase().getPath(), "Bundle.entry.resource", "Bundle.entry.response.outcome", "DomainResource.contained", "Parameters.parameter.resource", "Parameters.parameter.part.resource")) {
       return false;
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/StructureDefinitionValidator.java b/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/StructureDefinitionValidator.java
index f394b17dc..7f95e80c3 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/StructureDefinitionValidator.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/StructureDefinitionValidator.java
@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
     boolean typeMustSupport = false;
     List<Element> types = element.getChildrenByName("type");
     Set<String> typeCodes = new HashSet<>();
+    Set<String> characteristics = new HashSet<>();
+    
     for (Element type : types) {
       if (hasMustSupportExtension(type)) {
         typeMustSupport = true;
@@ -143,6 +145,12 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
         }
       }
       typeCodes.add(tc);
+      Set<String> tcharacteristics = new HashSet<>();
+      addCharacteristics(tcharacteristics, tc);
+      characteristics.addAll(tcharacteristics);
+      if (type.hasChildren("targetProfile")) {
+        rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), tcharacteristics.contains("has-target") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "targetProfile");
+      }
       // check the stated profile - must be a constraint on the type 
       if (snapshot || sd != null) {
         validateElementType(errors, type, stack.push(type, -1, null, null), sd, element.getChildValue("path"));
@@ -156,6 +164,8 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
       }
     }
     if (element.hasChild("binding")) {
+      rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("can-bind") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "Binding");
+    
       Element binding = element.getNamedChild("binding");
       validateBinding(errors, binding, stack.push(binding, -1, null, null), typeCodes, snapshot, element.getNamedChildValue("path"));
     } else {
@@ -163,6 +173,25 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
 //      String bt = boundType(typeCodes);
 //      hint(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), !snapshot || bt == null, I18nConstants.SD_ED_SHOULD_BIND, element.getNamedChildValue("path"), bt);              
     }
+    if (element.hasChild("maxLength")) {
+      rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-length") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "MaxLength");      
+    }
+    if (element.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_MIN_LENGTH)) {
+      rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-length") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "MinLength Extension");      
+    }
+    if (element.hasChild("minValue")) {
+      rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-range") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "MinValue");      
+    }
+    if (element.hasChild("maxValue")) {
+      rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-range") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "MaxValue");      
+    }
+    if (element.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_MAX_DECIMALS)) {
+      rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("is-continuous") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "Max Decimal Places Extension");      
+    }
+    if (element.hasExtension(ToolingExtensions.EXT_MAX_SIZE)) {
+      rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, stack.getLiteralPath(), characteristics.contains("has-size") , I18nConstants.SD_ILLEGAL_CHARACTERISTICS, "Max Size");      
+    }
+
     // in a snapshot, we validate that fixedValue, pattern, and defaultValue, if present, are all of the right type
     if (snapshot && (element.getIdBase() != null) && (element.getIdBase().contains("."))) {
       if (rule(errors, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.getLiteralPath(), !typeCodes.isEmpty() || element.hasChild("contentReference"), I18nConstants.SD_NO_TYPES_OR_CONTENTREF, element.getIdBase())) {     
@@ -179,7 +208,9 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
           hint(errors, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), !repeating, I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_TYPE_REPEAT_HINT, element.getIdBase(), "fixed");
           if (isPrimitiveType(v.fhirType())) {
             warning(errors, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), !repeating, I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_TYPE_REPEAT_WARNING_DOTNET, element.getIdBase(), "fixed");
-          }          
+          } else {
+            warning(errors, IssueType.EXCEPTION, stack.push(v, -1, null, null).getLiteralPath(), false, I18nConstants.SD_VALUE_COMPLEX_FIXED, v.fhirType());            
+          }
         }
         v = element.getNamedChild("pattern");
         if (v != null) {
@@ -194,8 +225,81 @@ public class StructureDefinitionValidator extends BaseValidator {
       
     }
   }
-
   
+  
+  private boolean addCharacteristics(Set<String> set, String tc) {
+    switch (tc) {
+    case "boolean" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "integer" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "has-length");
+    case "integer64" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "has-length");
+    case "decimal" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous", "has-length");
+    case "base64Binary" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-size");
+    case "instant" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous", "has-length");
+    case "string" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-length", "do-translations");
+    case "uri" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-length", "can-bind");
+    case "date" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "has-length");
+    case "dateTime" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous", "has-length");
+    case "time" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous", "has-length");
+    case "canonical" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-target", "has-length");
+    case "code" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-length", "can-bind");
+    case "id" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-length");
+    case "markdown" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "do-translations");
+    case "oid" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-length", "can-bind");
+    case "positiveInt" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "has-length");
+    case "unsignedInt" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "has-length");
+    case "url" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-length", "can-bind");
+    case "uuid" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-length", "can-bind");
+    case "Address" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "do-translations");
+    case "Age" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous");
+    case "Annotation" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Attachment" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-size", "do-translations");
+    case "CodeableConcept" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "can-bind", "do-translations");
+    case "CodeableReference" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-target", "can-bind", "do-translations");
+    case "Coding" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "can-bind", "do-translations");
+    case "ContactPoint" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Count" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range");
+    case "Distance" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous");
+    case "Duration" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous");
+    case "HumanName" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Identifier" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Money" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous");
+    case "Period" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Quantity" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-range", "is-continuous", "can-bind", "has-units");
+    case "Range" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-units");
+    case "Ratio" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-units");
+    case "RatioRange" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-units");
+    case "Reference" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set, "has-target");
+    case "SampledData" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Signature" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Timing" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "ContactDetail" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Contributor" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "DataRequirement" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Expression" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "ParameterDefinition" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "RelatedArtifact" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "TriggerDefinition" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "UsageContext" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Dosage" : return addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Meta" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Resource" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Extension" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Narrative" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "Element" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    case "BackboneElement" :return  addCharacteristicsForType(set);
+    default:
+      throw new Error("Unhandled data type in addCharacterstics: "+tc);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  private boolean addCharacteristicsForType(Set<String> set, String... cl) {
+    for (String c : cl) {
+      set.add(c);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
   private boolean isPrimitiveType(String fhirType) {
     StructureDefinition sd = context.fetchTypeDefinition(fhirType);
     return sd != null && sd.getKind() == StructureDefinitionKind.PRIMITIVETYPE;