diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/Utilities.java b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/Utilities.java
index a0e4c17a9..7edc5903b 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/Utilities.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/utilities/Utilities.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import java.io.FilenameFilter;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.URLDecoder;
 import java.net.URLEncoder;
 import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
@@ -834,6 +835,14 @@ public class Utilities {
   }
 
 
+  public static String URLDecode(String ref) {
+    try {
+      return URLDecoder.decode(ref, "UTF-8");
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+      throw new Error(e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
   public static boolean charInSet(char value, char... array) {
     for (int i : array)
       if (value == i)
@@ -1299,6 +1308,7 @@ public class Utilities {
     return false;
   }
 
+  
 
 
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties
index f78bd128f..820194d27 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.utilities/src/main/resources/Messages.properties
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ MEASURE_MR_SCORE_PROHIBITED_MS = No measureScore when the scoring of the mesage
 MEASURE_MR_SCORE_REQUIRED = A measureScore is required when the Measure.scoring={0}
 MEASURE_MR_M_SCORING_UNK = The scoring system in this measure is unknown, so the measureScore values cannot be checked
 MEASURE_MR_SCORE_UNIT_PROHIBITED = A measureScore for this Measure Scoring ({0}) should not have units
-MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED = A value is required when the Measure.scoring={0}
+MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED = A value is required when the Measure.scoring = {0}
 MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_INVALID_01 = The value is invalid - it must be between 0 and 1
 MEASURE_MR_SCORE_FIXED = This value is fixed by the Measure to ''{0]''
 MEASURE_MR_SCORE_UNIT_REQUIRED = A unit should be present when the scoring type is {0} 
diff --git a/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/MeasureValidator.java b/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/MeasureValidator.java
index e424decf6..ebcbbc00b 100644
--- a/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/MeasureValidator.java
+++ b/org.hl7.fhir.validation/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/validation/instance/type/MeasureValidator.java
@@ -279,14 +279,19 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
         }
         i++;
       }
+      boolean dataCollection = isDataCollection(mr);
       for (MeasureGroupComponent mg : m.groups()) {
         if (!groups.contains(mg)) {
-          rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mr.line(), mr.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), groups.contains(mg), I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_MISSING_BY_CODE, DataRenderer.display(context, mg.getCode()));
+          rule(errors, IssueType.BUSINESSRULE, mr.line(), mr.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), groups.contains(mg) || dataCollection, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_GRP_MISSING_BY_CODE, DataRenderer.display(context, mg.getCode()));
         }
       }
     }
   }
 
+  private boolean isDataCollection(Element mr) {
+    return "data-collection".equals(mr.getChildValue("type"));
+  }
+
   private void validateMeasureReportGroup(ValidatorHostContext hostContext, MeasureContext m, MeasureGroupComponent mg, List<ValidationMessage> errors, Element mrg, NodeStack ns, boolean inProgress) {
     validateMeasureReportGroupPopulations(hostContext, m, mg, errors, mrg, ns, inProgress);
     validateScore(hostContext, m, errors, mrg, ns, inProgress);
@@ -305,12 +310,18 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
       if (rule(errors, IssueType.REQUIRED, mrg.line(), mrg.col(), stack.getLiteralPath(), ms != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_REQUIRED, m.scoring())) {
         NodeStack ns = stack.push(ms, -1, ms.getProperty().getDefinition(), ms.getProperty().getDefinition());
         Element v = ms.getNamedChild("value");
+        // TODO: this is a DEQM special and should be handled differently
+        if (v == null) {
+          if (ms.hasExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-deqm/StructureDefinition/extension-alternateScoreType")) {
+            v = ms.getExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-deqm/StructureDefinition/extension-alternateScoreType").getNamedChild("value");
+          }
+        }
         if ("proportion".equals(m.scoring())) {
           //  proportion - score is a unitless number from 0 ... 1
           banned(errors, ns, ms, "unit", I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_UNIT_PROHIBITED, "proportion");
           banned(errors, ns, ms, "system", I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_UNIT_PROHIBITED, "proportion");
           banned(errors, ns, ms, "code", I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_UNIT_PROHIBITED, "proportion");
-          if (rule(errors, IssueType.REQUIRED, ms.line(), ms.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), v != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED)) {
+          if (rule(errors, IssueType.REQUIRED, ms.line(), ms.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), v != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED, "proportion")) {
             try {
               BigDecimal dec = new BigDecimal(v.primitiveValue());
               NodeStack nsv = ns.push(v, -1, v.getProperty().getDefinition(), v.getProperty().getDefinition());
@@ -321,7 +332,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
           }
         } else if ("ratio".equals(m.scoring())) {
           //  ratio -  score is a number with no value constraints, and maybe with a unit (perhaps constrained by extension)
-          if (rule(errors, IssueType.REQUIRED, ms.line(), ms.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), v != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED)) {
+          if (rule(errors, IssueType.REQUIRED, ms.line(), ms.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), v != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED, "ratio")) {
             Element unit = ms.getNamedChild("code");
             Coding c = m.measure().hasExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-unit") ? (Coding) m.measure().getExtensionByUrl("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-unit").getValue() : null;
             if (unit != null) {
@@ -344,7 +355,7 @@ public class MeasureValidator extends BaseValidator {
           }
         } else if ("continuous-variable".equals(m.scoring())) {
           // continuous-variable - score is a quantity with a unit per the extension
-          if (rule(errors, IssueType.REQUIRED, ms.line(), ms.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), v != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED)) {
+          if (rule(errors, IssueType.REQUIRED, ms.line(), ms.col(), ns.getLiteralPath(), v != null, I18nConstants.MEASURE_MR_SCORE_VALUE_REQUIRED, "continuous-variable")) {
             Element unit = ms.getNamedChild("code");
             Coding c = m.measure().hasExtension("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-unit") ? (Coding) m.measure().getExtensionByUrl("http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-unit").getValue() : null;
             if (unit != null) {