2020-09-24 20:30:13 +00:00
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# View encapsulation
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In Angular, component CSS styles are encapsulated into the component's view and don't
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affect the rest of the application.
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To control how this encapsulation happens on a *per
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component* basis, you can set the *view encapsulation mode* in the component metadata.
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Choose from the following modes:
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* `ShadowDom` view encapsulation uses the browser's native shadow DOM implementation (see
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[Shadow DOM](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Web_Components/Shadow_DOM)
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on the [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org) site)
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to attach a shadow DOM to the component's host element, and then puts the component
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view inside that shadow DOM. The component's styles are included within the shadow DOM.
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* `Emulated` view encapsulation (the default) emulates the behavior of shadow DOM by preprocessing
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(and renaming) the CSS code to effectively scope the CSS to the component's view.
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For details, see [Inspecting generated CSS](guide/view-encapsulation#inspect-generated-css) below.
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* `None` means that Angular does no view encapsulation.
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Angular adds the CSS to the global styles.
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The scoping rules, isolations, and protections discussed earlier don't apply.
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This is essentially the same as pasting the component's styles into the HTML.
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2021-04-03 09:52:53 -04:00
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To set the component's encapsulation mode, use the `encapsulation` property in the component metadata:
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2020-11-28 12:50:51 +08:00
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2020-10-08 16:59:29 +02:00
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<code-example path="component-styles/src/app/quest-summary.component.ts" region="encapsulation.shadow" header="src/app/quest-summary.component.ts"></code-example>
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2020-09-24 20:30:13 +00:00
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`ShadowDom` view encapsulation only works on browsers that have native support
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2020-11-16 22:37:09 +01:00
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for shadow DOM (see [Shadow DOM v1](https://caniuse.com/shadowdomv1) on the
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[Can I use](https://caniuse.com/) site). The support is still limited,
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2020-09-24 20:30:13 +00:00
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which is why `Emulated` view encapsulation is the default mode and recommended
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in most cases.
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{@a inspect-generated-css}
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## Inspecting generated CSS
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When using emulated view encapsulation, Angular preprocesses
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all component styles so that they approximate the standard shadow CSS scoping rules.
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In the DOM of a running Angular application with emulated view
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encapsulation enabled, each DOM element has some extra attributes
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attached to it:
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<code-example format="">
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<hero-details _nghost-pmm-5>
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<h2 _ngcontent-pmm-5>Mister Fantastic</h2>
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<hero-team _ngcontent-pmm-5 _nghost-pmm-6>
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<h3 _ngcontent-pmm-6>Team</h3>
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</hero-team>
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</hero-detail>
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</code-example>
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There are two kinds of generated attributes:
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* An element that would be a shadow DOM host in native encapsulation has a
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generated `_nghost` attribute. This is typically the case for component host elements.
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* An element within a component's view has a `_ngcontent` attribute
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that identifies to which host's emulated shadow DOM this element belongs.
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The exact values of these attributes aren't important. They are automatically
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2021-04-03 09:52:53 -04:00
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generated and you should never refer to them in application code. But they are targeted
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2020-09-24 20:30:13 +00:00
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by the generated component styles, which are in the `<head>` section of the DOM:
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<code-example format="">
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[_nghost-pmm-5] {
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display: block;
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border: 1px solid black;
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}
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h3[_ngcontent-pmm-6] {
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background-color: white;
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border: 1px solid #777;
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}
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</code-example>
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These styles are post-processed so that each selector is augmented
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with `_nghost` or `_ngcontent` attribute selectors.
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2020-10-08 16:59:29 +02:00
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These extra selectors enable the scoping rules described in this page.
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