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										 |  |  |  | @title | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 主从结构 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | @intro | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 构建一个主从结构的页面,用于展现英雄列表 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | @description | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | In this page, you'll expand the Tour of Heroes app to display a list of heroes, and | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | allow users to select a hero and display the hero's details. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 我们需要管理多个英雄。我们将扩展《英雄指南》应用,让它显示一个英雄列表, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   允许用户选择一个英雄,查看该英雄的详细信息。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | When you're done with this page, the app should look like this <live-example></live-example>. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 当我们完成本章时,应用应该是这样的:<live-example></live-example>。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ## Where you left off
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							|  |  |  |  | ## 延续上一步教程
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										 |  |  |  | Before you continue with this page of the Tour of Heroes, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | verify that you have the following structure after [The Hero Editor](tutorial/toh-pt1) page. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | If your structure doesn't match, go back to that page to figure out what you missed. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 在继续《英雄指南》的第二部分之前,先来检查一下,完成[第一部分](tutorial/toh-pt1)之后,你是否已经有了如下目录结构。如果没有,你得先回到第一部分,看看错过了哪里。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <div class='filetree'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     angular-tour-of-heroes | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   </div> | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  |   <div class='children'> | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  |     <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       src | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     </div> | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  |     <div class='children'> | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  |       <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         app | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  |       <div class='children'> | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  |         <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |           app.component.ts | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |           app.module.ts | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         main.ts | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         index.html | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         styles.css | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         systemjs.config.js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |         tsconfig.json | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       node_modules ... | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     <div class='file'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |       package.json | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ## Keep the app transpiling and running
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							|  |  |  |  | ## 让应用代码保持转译和运行
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										 |  |  |  | Enter the following command in the terminal window: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 在控制台中敲下列命令: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <code-example language="sh" class="code-shell"> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   npm start | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | This command runs the TypeScript compiler in "watch mode", recompiling automatically when the code changes. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | The command simultaneously launches the app in a browser and refreshes the browser when the code changes. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 这个命令会在“监听”模式下运行TypeScript编译器,当代码变化时,它会自动重新编译。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   同时,该命令还会在浏览器中启动该应用,并且当代码变化时刷新浏览器。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | You can keep building the Tour of Heroes without pausing to recompile or refresh the browser. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 在后续构建《英雄指南》过程中,应用能持续运行,而不用中断服务来编译或刷新浏览器。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ## Displaying heroes
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							|  |  |  |  | ## 显示我们的英雄
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										 |  |  |  | To display a list of heroes, you'll add heroes to the view's template. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 要显示英雄列表,我们就要先往视图模板中添加一些英雄。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ### Create heroes
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							|  |  |  |  | ### 创建英雄
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										 |  |  |  | Create an array of ten heroes. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 我们先创建一个由十位英雄组成的数组。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.ts" region="hero-array" title="src/app/app.component.ts (hero array)"> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The `HEROES` array is of type `Hero`, the class defined in the previous page. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | Eventually this app will fetch the list of heroes from a web service, but for now | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | you can display mock heroes. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `HEROES`是一个由`Hero`类的实例构成的数组,我们在第一部分定义过它。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 我们当然希望从一个 Web 服务中获取这个英雄列表,但别急,我们得把步子迈得小一点,先用一组模拟出来的英雄。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ### Expose heroes
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							|  |  |  |  | ### 暴露英雄
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										 |  |  |  | Create a public property in `AppComponent` that exposes the heroes for binding. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 我们在`AppComponent`上创建一个公共属性,用来暴露这些英雄,以供绑定。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="hero-array-1" title="app.component.ts (hero array property)"> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The `heroes` type isn't defined because TypeScript infers it from the `HEROES` array. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 我们并不需要明确定义`heroes`属性的数据类型,TypeScript 能从`HEROES`数组中推断出来。 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <div class="l-sub-section"> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The hero data is separated from the class implementation | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | because ultimately the hero names will come from a data service. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 英雄的数据从实现类中分离了出来,因为最终,英雄的名字会来自一个数据服务。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ### Display hero names in a template
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ### 在模板中显示英雄
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							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | To display the hero names in an unordered list, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | insert the following chunk of HTML below the title and above the hero details. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 我们还要在模板中创建一个无序列表来显示这些英雄的名字。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 那就在标题和英雄详情之间,插入下面这段 HTML 代码。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="heroes-template-1" title="app.component.ts (heroes template)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | Now you can fill the template with hero names. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 现在,我们有了一个模板。接下来,就用英雄们的数据来填充它。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ### List heroes with ngFor
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ### 通过 ngFor 来显示英雄列表
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | The goal is to bind the array of heroes in the component to the template, iterate over them, | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | and display them individually. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 我们想要把组件中的`heroes`数组绑定到模板中,迭代并逐个显示它们。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | Modify the `<li>` tag by adding the built-in directive `*ngFor`. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 首先,修改`<li>`标签,往上添加内置指令`*ngFor`。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="heroes-ngfor-1" title="app.component.ts (ngFor)"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | <div class="l-sub-section"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
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 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The (`*`) prefix to `ngFor` is a critical part of this syntax. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | It indicates that the `<li>` element and its children | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | constitute a master template. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | `ngFor`的`*`前缀表示`<li>`及其子元素组成了一个主控模板。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The `ngFor` directive iterates over the component's `heroes` array | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | and renders an instance of this template for each hero in that array. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | `ngFor`指令在`AppComponent.heroes`属性返回的`heroes`数组上迭代,并输出此模板的实例。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The `let hero` part of the expression identifies `hero` as the  template input variable, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | which holds the current hero item for each iteration. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | You can reference this variable within the template to access the current hero's properties. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 引号中赋值给`ngFor`的那段文本表示“*从`heroes`数组中取出每个英雄,存入一个局部的`hero`变量,并让它在相应的模板实例中可用*”。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | Read more about `ngFor` and template input variables in the | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | [Showing an array property with *ngFor](guide/displaying-data#ngFor) section of the | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | [Displaying Data](guide/displaying-data) page and the | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | [ngFor](guide/template-syntax#ngFor) section of the | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | [Template Syntax](guide/template-syntax) page. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 要学习更多关于`ngFor`和模板输入变量的知识,参见[显示数据](guide/displaying-data)一章的[用*ngFor显示数组属性](guide/displaying-data#ngFor)和 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | [模板语法](guide/template-syntax)章的[ngFor](guide/template-syntax#ngFor)。 | 
					
						
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							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-10 16:51:13 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | </div> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | Within the `<li>` tags, add content | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | that uses the `hero` template variable to display the hero's properties. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 接着,我们在`<li>`标签中插入一些内容,以便使用模板变量`hero`来显示英雄的属性。 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="ng-for" title="app.component.ts (ngFor template)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | When the browser refreshes, a list of heroes appears. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 当浏览器刷新时,我们就看到了英雄列表。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | ### Style the heroes
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ### 给我们的英雄们“美容”
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | Users should get a visual cue of which hero they are hovering over and which hero is selected. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 当用户的鼠标划过英雄或选中一个英雄时,我们得让他/她看起来醒目一点。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | To add styles to your component, set the `styles` property on the `@Component` decorator | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | to the following CSS classes: | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 要想给我们的组件添加一些样式,请把`@Component`装饰器的`styles`属性设置为下列 CSS 类: | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.ts" region="styles" title="src/app/app.component.ts (styles)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | Remember to use the backtick notation for multi-line strings. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 注意,我们又使用了反引号语法来书写多行字符串。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | Adding these styles makes the file much longer. In a later page you'll move the styles to a separate file. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 添加这些样式会让此文件变得更长。在后面的章节中,我们将会把这些样式移到单独的文件中去。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | When you assign styles to a component, they are scoped to that specific component. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | These styles apply only to the `AppComponent` and don't affect the outer HTML. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 当我们为一个组件指定样式时,它们的作用域将仅限于该组件。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   上面的例子中,这些样式只会作用于`AppComponent`组件,而不会“泄露”到外部 HTML 中。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | The template for displaying heroes should look like this: | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 用于显示英雄们的模板应该是这样的: | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="heroes-styled" title="src/app/app.component.ts (styled heroes)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | ## Selecting a hero
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ## 选择英雄
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | The app now displays a list of heroes as well as a single hero in the details view. But | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | the list and the details view are not connected. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | When users select a hero from the list, the selected hero should appear in the details view. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | This UI pattern is known as "master/detail." | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | In this case, the _master_ is the heroes list and the _detail_ is the selected hero. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 我们的应用已经有了英雄列表和单个英雄的详情视图。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     但列表和单独的英雄之间还没有任何关联。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     我们希望用户在列表中选中一个英雄,然后让这个被选中的英雄出现在详情视图中。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     这种 UI 布局模式,通常被称为“主从结构”。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     在这个例子中,主视图是英雄列表,从视图则是被选中的英雄。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | Next you'll connect the master to the detail through a `selectedHero` component property, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | which is bound to a click event. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 接下来,我们要通过组件中的一个`selectedHero`属性来连接主从视图,它被绑定到了点击事件上。 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ### Handle click events
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ### 处理点击事件
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 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | Add a click event binding to the `<li>` like this: | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 我们再往`<li>`元素上插入一句点击事件的绑定代码:   | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
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											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="selectedHero-click" title="app.component.ts (template excerpt)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The parentheses identify the `<li>` element's  `click` event as the target. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | The `onSelect(hero)` expression calls the  `AppComponent` method, `onSelect()`, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | passing the template input variable `hero`, as an argument. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | That's the same `hero` variable you defined previously in the `ngFor` directive. | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 圆括号标识`<li>`元素上的`click`事件是绑定的目标。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     等号右边的`onSelect(hero)`表达式调用`AppComponent`的`onSelect()`方法,并把模板输入变量`hero`作为参数传进去。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     它是我们前面在`ngFor`指令中定义的那个`hero`变量。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <div class="l-sub-section"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | Learn more about event binding at the | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | [User Input](guide/user-input) page and the | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | [Event binding](guide/template-syntax#event-binding) section of the | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | [Template Syntax](guide/template-syntax) page. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 关于事件绑定的更多内容,参见: | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       [用户输入](guide/user-input)页 和 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       [模板语法](guide/template-syntax)页的[事件绑定](guide/template-syntax#event-binding)节。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | ### Add a click handler to expose the selected hero
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ### 添加点击处理器以暴露选中的英雄
 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | You no longer need the `hero` property because you're no longer displaying a single hero; you're displaying a list of heroes. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | But the user will be able to select one of the heroes by clicking on it. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | So replace the `hero` property with this simple `selectedHero` property: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 我们不再需要`AppComponent`的`hero`属性,因为不需要再显示单个的英雄,我们只需要显示英雄列表。但是用户可以点选一个英雄。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 所以我们要把`hero`属性**替换**成`selectedHero`属性。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.ts" region="selected-hero" title="src/app/app.component.ts (selectedHero)"> | 
					
						
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											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
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 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The hero names should all be unselected before the user picks a hero, so | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | you won't initialize the `selectedHero` as you did with `hero`. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 在用户选取一个英雄之前,所有的英雄名字都应该是未选中的。所以我们不希望像`hero`一样初始化`selectedHero`变量。 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | Add an `onSelect()` method that sets the `selectedHero` property to the `hero` that the user clicks. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 现在,**添加一个`onSelect`方法**,用于将用户点击的英雄赋给`selectedHero`属性。 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.ts" region="on-select" title="src/app/app.component.ts (onSelect)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | The template still refers to the old `hero` property. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-12 21:53:18 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | Bind to the new `selectedHero` property instead as follows: | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 我们将把所选英雄的详细信息显示在模板中。目前,它仍然引用之前的`hero`属性。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 我们这就修改模板,让它绑定到新的`selectedHero`属性。   | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="selectedHero-details" title="app.component.ts (template excerpt)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | ### Hide the empty detail with ngIf
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | ### 使用 ngIf 隐藏空的详情
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-12 21:53:18 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | When the app loads, `selectedHero` is undefined. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | The selected hero is initialized when the user clicks a hero's name. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | Angular can't display properties of the undefined `selectedHero` and throws the following error, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | visible in the browser's console: | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 当应用加载时,我们会看到一个英雄列表,但还没有任何英雄被选中。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | `selectedHero`属性是`undefined`。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 因此,我们会看到浏览器控制台中出现下列错误: | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-30 20:04:18 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example format="nocode"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  |   EXCEPTION: TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined in [null] | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | Although `selectedHero.name` is displayed in the template, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | you must keep the hero detail out of the DOM until there is a selected hero. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 虽然我们要在模板中显示的是`selectedHero.name`,但在选中了一个英雄之前,我们必须让这些英雄详情留在DOM之外。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | Wrap the HTML hero detail content of the template with a `<div>`. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | Then add the `ngIf` built-in directive and set it to the `selectedHero` property of the component. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 我们可以把模板中的英雄详情内容区放在一个`<div>`中。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     然后,添加一个`ngIf`内置指令,把`ngIf`的值设置为组件的`selectedHero`属性。 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="ng-if" title="src/app/app.component.ts (ngIf)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-10 16:51:13 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | <div class="alert is-critical"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | Don't forget the asterisk (`*`) in front of `ngIf`. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 别忘了`ngIf`前的星号 (`*`)。 | 
					
						
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							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-10 16:51:13 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | </div> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | The app no longer fails and the list of names displays again in the browser. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 应用不再出错,而名字列表也再次显示在浏览器中。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-12 21:53:18 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | When there is no selected hero, the `ngIf` directive removes the hero detail HTML from the DOM. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | There are no hero detail elements or bindings to worry about. | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 当没有选中英雄时,`ngIf`指令会从 DOM 中移除表示英雄详情的这段 HTML 。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     没有了表示英雄详情的元素,也就不用担心绑定问题。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | When the user picks a hero, `selectedHero` becomes defined and | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | `ngIf` puts the hero detail content into the DOM and evaluates the nested bindings. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-07-23 11:51:25 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | 当用户选取了一个英雄,`selectedHero`变成了“已定义的”值,于是`ngIf`把英雄详情加回 DOM 中,并计算它所嵌套的各种绑定。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-02-22 18:09:39 +00:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-10 16:51:13 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | <div class="l-sub-section"> | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | Read more about `ngIf` and `ngFor` in the | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | [Structural Directives](guide/structural-directives) page and the | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-04-01 01:57:13 +02:00
										 |  |  |  | [Built-in directives](guide/template-syntax#directives) section of the | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
											2017-03-27 16:08:53 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | [Template Syntax](guide/template-syntax) page. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 要了解更多`ngIf`,`ngFor`和其它结构型指令的信息,参见 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | [结构型指令](guide/structural-directives)和 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | [模板语法](guide/template-syntax)章的[内置指令](guide/template-syntax#directives)部分。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ### Style the selected hero
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										 |  |  |  | ### 给所选英雄添加样式
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										 |  |  |  | While the selected hero details appear below the list, it's difficult to identify the selected hero within the list itself. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 我们在下面的详情区看到了选中的英雄,但是我们还是没法在上面的列表区快速定位这位英雄。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | In the `styles` metadata that you added above, there is a custom CSS class named `selected`. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | To make the selected hero more visible, you'll apply this `selected` class to the `<li>` when the user clicks on a hero name. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | For example, when the user clicks "Magneta", it should render with a distinctive but subtle background color | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | like this: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 在我们前面添加的`styles`元数据中,有一个名叫`selected`的自定义CSS类。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 要想让选中的英雄更加醒目,当用户点击一个英雄名字时,我们要为`<li>`添加`selected`类。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 例如,当用户点击“Magneta”时,它应该使用不一样的醒目的背景色。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <figure class='image-display'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   <img src='assets/images/devguide/toh/heroes-list-selected.png' alt="选中的英雄"></img> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </figure> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | In the template, add the following `[class.selected]` binding to  the `<li>`: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 在这个模板中,往`<li>`上添加一个`[class.selected]`绑定: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="class-selected-1" title="app.component.ts (setting the CSS class)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | When the expression (`hero === selectedHero`) is `true`, Angular adds the `selected` CSS class. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | When the expression is `false`, Angular removes the `selected` class. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 当表达式(`hero === selectedHero`)为`true`时,Angular会添加一个CSS类`selected`。为`false`时则会移除`selected`类。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <div class="l-sub-section"> | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | Read more about the `[class]` binding in the [Template Syntax](guide/template-syntax#ngClass "Template syntax: NgClass") guide. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 关于`[class]`绑定的更多信息,参见[模板语法](guide/template-syntax#ngClass "Template syntax: NgClass")。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </div> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | The final version of the `<li>` looks like this: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.1.html" region="class-selected-2" title="app.component.ts (styling each hero)" linenums="false"> | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | After clicking "Magneta", the list should look like this: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 浏览器重新加载了我们的应用。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 我们选中英雄 Magneta,通过背景色的变化,它被清晰的标记出来。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <figure class='image-display'> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   <img src='assets/images/devguide/toh/heroes-list-1.png' alt="英雄列表应用的输出"></img> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </figure> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | Here's the complete `app.component.ts` as of now: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 完整的`app.component.ts`文件如下: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | <code-example path="toh-2/src/app/app.component.ts" title="src/app/app.component.ts"> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | </code-example> | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ## The road you've travelled
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										 |  |  |  | ## 已走的路
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										 |  |  |  | Here's what you achieved in this page: | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
							| 
									
										
										
										
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										 |  |  |  | 在本章中,我们完成了以下内容: | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | * The Tour of Heroes app displays a list of selectable heroes. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   我们的《英雄指南》现在显示一个可选英雄的列表 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |    | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | * You added the ability to select a hero and show the hero's details. | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 
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							|  |  |  |  |   我们可以选择英雄,并显示这个英雄的详情 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |    | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | * You learned how to use the built-in directives `ngIf` and `ngFor` in a component's template. | 
					
						
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 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |   我们学会了如何在组件模板中使用内置的`ngIf`和`ngFor`指令 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | Run the <live-example></live-example> for this part. | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | 运行这部分的<live-example></live-example>。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ### The Road Ahead
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							|  |  |  |  | ### 前方的路
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							|  |  |  |  | Our Tour of Heroes has grown, but it’s far from complete. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | We can't put the entire app into a single component. | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | We need to break it up into sub-components and teach them to work together | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | as we learn in the [next chapter](tutorial/toh-pt3). | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | 我们的《英雄指南》长大了,但还远远不够完善。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 我们显然不能把整个应用都放进一个组件中。 | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 我们需要把它拆分成一系列子组件,然后教它们协同工作, | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | 就像我们将在[下一章](tutorial/toh-pt3)学到的那样。 |