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								# Display a Heroes List
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								# 显示英雄列表
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								In this page, you'll expand the Tour of Heroes app to display a list of heroes, and
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								allow users to select a hero and display the hero's details.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								本页中,你将扩展《英雄指南》应用,让它显示一个英雄列表,
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								并允许用户选择一个英雄,查看该英雄的详细信息。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## Create mock heroes
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## 创建模拟( )   
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								You'll need some heroes to display.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								你需要一些英雄数据以供显示。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Eventually you'll get them from a remote data server.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								For now, you'll create some _mock heroes_  and pretend they came from the server.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								最终,你会从远端的数据服务器获取它。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								不过目前,你要先创建一些*模拟的英雄数据*,并假装它们是从服务器上取到的。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Create a file called `mock-heroes.ts`  in the `src/app/`  folder.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								Define a `HEROES`  constant as an array of ten heroes and export it.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								The file should look like this.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								在 `src/app/`  文件夹中创建一个名叫 `mock-heroes.ts`  的文件。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								定义一个包含十个英雄的常量数组 `HEROES` ,并导出它。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								该文件是这样的。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/mock-heroes.ts"  linenums = "false"  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								header="src/app/mock-heroes.ts">
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## Displaying heroes
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## 显示这些英雄
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								You're about to display the list of heroes at the top of the `HeroesComponent` .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								你要在 `HeroesComponent`  的顶部显示这个英雄列表。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Open the `HeroesComponent`  class file and import the mock `HEROES` .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								打开 `HeroesComponent`  类文件,并导入模拟的 `HEROES` 。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts"  region = "import-heroes"  header = "src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts (import HEROES)" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								In the same file (`HeroesComponent`  class), define a component property called `heroes`  to expose `HEROES`  array for binding.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								往类中添加一个 `heroes`  属性,这样可以暴露出这些英雄,以供绑定。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts"  region = "component" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### List heroes with _*ngFor_
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### 使用 `*ngFor` 列出这些英雄
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Open the `HeroesComponent`  template file and make the following changes:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								打开 `HeroesComponent`  的模板文件,并做如下修改:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  Add an `<h2>`  at the top,  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   在顶部添加 `<h2>` , 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  Below it add an HTML unordered list (`<ul>` ) 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   然后添加表示无序列表的 HTML 元素(`<ul>` ) 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  Insert an `<li>`  within the `<ul>`  that displays properties of a `hero` . 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   在 `<ul>`  中插入一个 `<li>`  元素,以显示单个 `hero`  的属性。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  Sprinkle some CSS classes for styling (you'll add the CSS styles shortly). 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   点缀上一些 CSS 类(稍后你还会添加更多 CSS 样式)。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Make it look like this:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								做完之后应该是这样的:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.1.html"  region = "list"  header = "heroes.component.html (heroes template)"  linenums = "false" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Now change the `<li>`  to this:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								现在,把 `<li>`  修改成这样:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.1.html"  region = "li" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The [`*ngFor` ](guide/template-syntax#ngFor ) is Angular's _repeater_  directive.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								It repeats the host element for each element in a list.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								[`*ngFor` ](guide/template-syntax#ngFor ) 是一个 Angular 的复写器( ) 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								它会为列表中的每项数据复写它的宿主元素。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								In this example
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								在这个例子中
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  `<li>`  is the host element 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   `<li>`  就是 `*ngFor`  的宿主元素
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  `heroes`  is the list from the `HeroesComponent`  class. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   `heroes`  就是来自 `HeroesComponent`  类的列表。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  `hero`  holds the current hero object for each iteration through the list. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   当依次遍历这个列表时,`hero`  会为每个迭代保存当前的英雄对象。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< div  class = "alert is-important" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Don't forget the asterisk (*) in front of `ngFor` . It's a critical part of the syntax.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								不要忘了 `ngFor`  前面的星号(`*` ),它是该语法中的关键部分。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / div >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								After the browser refreshes, the list of heroes appears.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								浏览器刷新之后,英雄列表出现了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								{@a  styles}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### Style the heroes
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### 给英雄列表“美容”
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The heroes list should be attractive and should respond visually when users
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								hover over and select a hero from the list.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								英雄列表应该富有吸引力,并且当用户把鼠标移到某个英雄上和从列表中选中某个英雄时,应该给出视觉反馈。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								In the [first tutorial ](tutorial/toh-pt0#app-wide-styles ), you set the basic styles for the entire application in `styles.css` .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								That stylesheet didn't include styles for this list of heroes.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								在[教程的第一章 ](tutorial/toh-pt0#app-wide-styles ),你曾在 `styles.css`  中为整个应用设置了一些基础的样式。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								但那个样式表并不包含英雄列表所需的样式。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								You could add more styles to `styles.css`  and keep growing that stylesheet as you add components.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								固然,你可以把更多样式加入到 `styles.css` ,并且放任它随着你添加更多组件而不断膨胀。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								You may prefer instead to define private styles for a specific component and keep everything a component needs—  the code, the HTML,
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								and the CSS — together in one place.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								但还有更好的方式。你可以定义属于特定组件的私有样式, ( ) 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								This approach makes it easier to re-use the component somewhere else
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								and deliver the component's intended appearance even if the global styles are different.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								这种方式让你在其它地方复用该组件更加容易,并且即使全局样式和这里不一样,组件也仍然具有期望的外观。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								You define private styles either inline in the `@Component.styles`  array or
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								as stylesheet file(s) identified in the `@Component.styleUrls`  array.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								你可以用多种方式定义私有样式,或者内联在 `@Component.styles`  数组中,或者在 `@Component.styleUrls`  所指出的样式表文件中。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								When the CLI generated the `HeroesComponent` , it created an empty `heroes.component.css`  stylesheet for the `HeroesComponent` 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								and pointed to it in `@Component.styleUrls`  like this.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								当 CLI 生成 `HeroesComponent`  时,它也同时为 `HeroesComponent`  创建了空白的 `heroes.component.css`  样式表文件,并且让 `@Component.styleUrls`  指向它,就像这样:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts"  region = "metadata"  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								 header="src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts (@Component )">
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Open the `heroes.component.css`  file and paste in the private CSS styles for the `HeroesComponent` .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								You'll find them in the [final code review ](#final-code-review ) at the bottom of this guide.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								打开 `heroes.component.css`  文件,并且把 `HeroesComponent`  的私有 CSS 样式粘贴进去。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								你可以在本指南底部的[查看最终代码 ](#final-code-review )中找到它们。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< div  class = "alert is-important" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Styles and stylesheets identified in `@Component`  metadata are scoped to that specific component.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								The `heroes.component.css`  styles apply only to the `HeroesComponent`  and don't affect the outer HTML or the HTML in any other component.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`@Component`  元数据中指定的样式和样式表都是局限于该组件的。 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
										 
							
							
								`heroes.component.css`  中的样式只会作用于 `HeroesComponent` ,既不会影响到组件外的 HTML,  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / div >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## Master/Detail
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## 主从结构
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								When the user clicks a hero in the **master**  list,
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								the component should display the selected hero's **details**  at the bottom of the page.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								当用户在**主**列表中点击一个英雄时,该组件应该在页面底部显示所选英雄的**详情**。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								In this section, you'll listen for the hero item click event
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								and update the hero detail.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								在本节,你将监听英雄条目的点击事件,并更新英雄的详情。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### Add a click event binding
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### 添加 `click` 事件绑定
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Add a click event binding to the `<li>`  like this:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								再往 `<li>`  元素上插入一句点击事件的绑定代码:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.1.html"  region = "selectedHero-click"  header = "heroes.component.html (template excerpt)"  linenums = "false" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								This is an example of Angular's [event binding ](guide/template-syntax#event-binding ) syntax.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								这是 Angular [事件绑定 ](guide/template-syntax#event-binding ) 语法的例子。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The parentheses around `click`  tell Angular to listen for the `<li>`  element's  `click`  event.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								When the user clicks in the `<li>` , Angular executes the `onSelect(hero)`  expression.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`click`  外面的圆括号会让 Angular 监听这个 `<li>`  元素的 `click`  事件。 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
										 
							
							
								当用户点击 `<li>`  时, `onSelect(hero)` 。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`onSelect()`  is a `HeroesComponent`  method that you're about to write. 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								Angular calls it with the `hero`  object displayed in the clicked `<li>` ,
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								the same `hero`  defined previously in the `*ngFor`  expression.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								`onSelect()`  是 `HeroesComponent`  上的一个方法,你很快就要写它。 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Angular 会把所点击的 `<li>`  上的 `hero`  对象传给它,这个 `hero`  也就是前面在 `*ngFor`  表达式中定义的那个。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### Add the click event handler
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### 添加 `click` 事件处理器
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Rename the component's `hero`  property to `selectedHero`  but don't assign it.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								There is no _selected hero_  when the application starts.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								把该组件的 `hero`  属性改名为 `selectedHero` ,但不要为它赋值。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								因为应用刚刚启动时并没有*所选英雄*。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Add the following `onSelect()`  method, which assigns the clicked hero from the template
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								to the component's `selectedHero` .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								添加如下 `onSelect()`  方法,它会把模板中被点击的英雄赋值给组件的 `selectedHero`  属性。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts"  region = "on-select"  header = "src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts (onSelect)"  linenums = "false" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### Update the details template
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### 修改详情模板
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The template still refers to the component's old `hero`  property which no longer exists.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Rename `hero`  to `selectedHero` .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								该模板引用的仍然是老的 `hero`  属性,但它已经不存在了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								把 `hero`  改名为 `selectedHero` 。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html"  region = "selectedHero-details"  header = "heroes.component.html (selected hero details)"  linenums = "false" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								After the browser refreshes, the application is broken.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								刷新浏览器,应用挂了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Open the browser developer tools and look in the console for an error message like this:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								打开浏览器的开发者工具,它的控制台中显示出如下错误信息:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  language = "sh"  class = "code-shell" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								  HeroesComponent.html:3 ERROR TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								#### What happened?
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								#### 怎么回事?
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								When the app starts, the `selectedHero`  is `undefined`  _by design_ .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								当应用启动时,`selectedHero`  是 `undefined` , 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Binding expressions in the template that refer to properties of `selectedHero`  —  expressions like `{{selectedHero.name}}`  —  _must fail_  because there is no selected hero.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								但模板中的绑定表达式引用了 `selectedHero`  的属性(表达式为 `{{selectedHero.name}}` ),这必然会失败,因为你还没选过英雄呢。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Now, click one of the list items.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								The app seems to be working again.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								The heroes appear in a list and details about the clicked hero appear at the bottom of the page.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								现在,点击列表中的一个条目。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								应用又能正常工作了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								列表中又显示出了英雄们,并且选中的英雄的详情再次出现在了页面底部。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								#### The fix - hide empty details with _*ngIf_
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								#### 修复 —— 使用 _*ngIf_ 隐藏空白的详情
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The component should only display the selected hero details if the `selectedHero`  exists.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								该组件应该只有当 `selectedHero`  存在时才显示所选英雄的详情。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Wrap the hero detail HTML in a `<div>` .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								Add Angular's `*ngIf`  directive to the `<div>`  and set it to `selectedHero` .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								把显示英雄详情的 HTML 包裹在一个 `<div>`  中。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								并且为这个 div 添加 Angular 的 `*ngIf`  指令,把它的值设置为 `selectedHero` 。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< div  class = "alert is-important" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Don't forget the asterisk (*) in front of `ngIf` . It's a critical part of the syntax.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								不要忘了 `ngIf`  前面的星号(`*` ),它是该语法中的关键部分。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / div >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html"  region = "ng-if"  header = "src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html (*ngIf)"  linenums = "false" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								After the browser refreshes, the list of names reappears.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								The details area is blank.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								Click a hero and its details appear.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								浏览器刷新之后,英雄名字的列表又出现了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								详情部分仍然是空。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								点击一个英雄,它的详情就出现了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								#### Why it works
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								#### 为什么改好了?
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								When `selectedHero`  is undefined, the `ngIf`  removes the hero detail from the DOM. There are no `selectedHero`  bindings to worry about.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								当 `selectedHero`  为 `undefined`  时,`ngIf`  从 DOM 中移除了英雄详情。因此也就不用担心 `selectedHero`  的绑定了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								When the user picks a hero, `selectedHero`  has a value and
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								`ngIf`  puts the hero detail into the DOM. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								当用户选择一个英雄时,`selectedHero`  也就有了值,并且 `ngIf`  把英雄的详情放回到 DOM 中。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### Style the selected hero
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								### 给所选英雄添加样式
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								It's difficult to identify the _selected hero_  in the list when all `<li>`  elements look alike.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								所有的 `<li>`  元素看起来都是一样的,因此很难从列表中识别出*所选英雄*。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								If the user clicks "Magneta", that hero should render with a distinctive but subtle background color like this:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								如果用户点击了“Magneta”, , : 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< figure >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  < img  src = 'generated/images/guide/toh/heroes-list-selected.png'  alt = "Selected hero" > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / figure >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								That _selected hero_  coloring is the work of the `.selected`  CSS class in the [styles you added earlier ](#styles ).
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								You just have to apply the `.selected`  class to the `<li>`  when the user clicks it.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*所选英雄*的颜色来自于[你前面添加的样式 ](#styles )中的 CSS 类 `.selected` 。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								所以你只要在用户点击一个 `<li>`  时把 `.selected`  类应用到该元素上就可以了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The Angular [class binding ](guide/template-syntax#class-binding ) makes it easy to add and remove a CSS class conditionally.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Just add `[class.some-css-class]="some-condition"`  to the element you want to style.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Angular 的 [CSS 类绑定 ](guide/template-syntax#class-binding )机制让根据条件添加或移除一个 CSS 类变得很容易。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								只要把 `[class.some-css-class]="some-condition"`  添加到你要施加样式的元素上就可以了。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Add the following `[class.selected]`  binding to  the `<li>`  in the `HeroesComponent`  template:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								在 `HeroesComponent`  模板中的 `<li>`  元素上添加 `[class.selected]`  绑定,代码如下:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.1.html"  region = "class-selected"  header = "heroes.component.html (toggle the 'selected' CSS class)"  linenums = "false" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								When the current row hero is the same as the `selectedHero` , Angular adds the `selected`  CSS class. When the two heroes are different, Angular removes the class.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								如果当前行的英雄和 `selectedHero`  相同, `selected` ,否则就会移除它。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								The finished `<li>`  looks like this:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								最终的 `<li>`  是这样的:
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-example  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html"  region = "li"  header = "heroes.component.html (list item hero)"  linenums = "false" >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-example >  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								{@a  final-code-review}
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## Final code review
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## 查看最终代码
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Your app should look like this < live-example > < / live-example > .
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								你的应用现在变成了这样:< live-example > < / live-example > 。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								Here are the code files discussed on this page, including the `HeroesComponent`  styles.
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								下面是本页面中所提及的代码文件,包括 `HeroesComponent`  的样式。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< code-tabs >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  < code-pane  header = "src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts"  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.ts" > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  < / code-pane > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  < code-pane  header = "src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html"  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.html" > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  < / code-pane > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  < code-pane  header = "src/app/heroes/heroes.component.css"  path = "toh-pt2/src/app/heroes/heroes.component.css" > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								  < / code-pane > 
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								< / code-tabs >  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## Summary
  
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								## 小结
  
						 
					
						
							
								
							 
							
								
							 
							
								 
							
								
									
								 
							
							
								
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  The Tour of Heroes app displays a list of heroes in a Master/Detail view. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   英雄指南应用在一个主从视图中显示了英雄列表。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  The user can select a hero and see that hero's details. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   用户可以选择一个英雄,并查看该英雄的详情。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  You used `*ngFor`  to display a list. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   你使用 `*ngFor`  显示了一个列表。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  You used `*ngIf`  to conditionally include or exclude a block of HTML. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   你使用 `*ngIf`  来根据条件包含或排除了一段 HTML。
							 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								*  You can toggle a CSS style class with a `class`  binding. 
						 
					
						
							
								
									
										
										
										
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								   你可以用 `class`  绑定来切换 CSS 的样式类。