docs: add universal guide (#18707)
- based on original effort in PR 17573 PR Close #18707
This commit is contained in:
Ward Bell
Chuck Jazdzewski
parent
963a4d0dc8
commit
0b0d25fa33
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@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ aot-compiler/**/*.factory.d.ts
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# styleguide
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!styleguide/src/systemjs.custom.js
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# universal
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!universal/**/webpack.config.universal.js
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# plunkers
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*plnkr.no-link.html
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@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
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{
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"name": "toh-universal",
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"version": "1.0.0",
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"description": "Tour-of-Heroes application with ng-universal server-side rendering",
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"scripts": {
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"build": "tsc -p src/",
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"build:watch": "tsc -w",
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"build:aot": "webpack --config webpack.config.aot.js",
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"build:uni": "webpack --config webpack.config.uni.js",
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"serve": "lite-server -c=bs-config.json",
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"serve:aot": "lite-server -c=bs-config.aot.js",
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"serve:uni": "node src/dist/server.js",
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"serve:uni2": "lite-server -c bs-config.uni.js",
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"prestart": "npm run build",
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"start": "concurrently \"npm run build:watch\" \"npm run serve\"",
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"lint": "tslint ./src/**/*.ts -t verbose",
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"ngc": "ngc",
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"clean": "rimraf src/dist && rimraf src/app/*.js* && rimraf src/uni/*.js* && rimraf src/main.js*"
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},
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"keywords": [],
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"author": "",
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"license": "MIT",
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"dependencies": {
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"@angular/common": "angular/common-builds",
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"@angular/compiler": "angular/compiler-builds",
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"@angular/compiler-cli": "angular/compiler-cli-builds",
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"@angular/core": "angular/core-builds",
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"@angular/forms": "angular/forms-builds",
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"@angular/http": "angular/http-builds",
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"@angular/platform-browser": "angular/platform-browser-builds",
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"@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "angular/platform-browser-dynamic-builds",
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"@angular/platform-server": "angular/platform-server-builds",
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"@angular/router": "angular/router-builds",
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"angular-in-memory-web-api": "^0.3.1",
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"systemjs": "0.19.40",
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"core-js": "^2.4.1",
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"rxjs": "5.1.1",
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"zone.js": "^0.7.7"
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},
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"devDependencies": {
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"concurrently": "^3.2.0",
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"lite-server": "^2.2.2",
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"typescript": "~2.1.6",
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"canonical-path": "0.0.2",
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"tslint": "^3.15.1",
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"lodash": "^4.16.4",
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"rimraf": "^2.5.4",
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"@types/node": "^6.0.46",
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"@ngtools/webpack": "^1.2.11",
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"@types/express": "^4.0.35",
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"raw-loader": "^0.5.1",
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"webpack": "^2.2.1"
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},
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"repository": {}
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}
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@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ const routes: Routes = [
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{ path: '', redirectTo: '/dashboard', pathMatch: 'full' },
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{ path: 'dashboard', component: DashboardComponent },
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{ path: 'detail/:id', component: HeroDetailComponent },
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{ path: 'heroes', component: HeroesComponent }
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{ path: 'heroes', component: HeroesComponent },
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{ path: '**', redirectTo: '/dashboard' }
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];
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@NgModule({
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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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/* #docregion */
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h1 {
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font-size: 1.2em;
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color: #999;
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@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
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// #docplaster
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// #docregion
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import { Component } from '@angular/core';
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@Component({
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@ -1,54 +1,62 @@
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// #docplaster
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// #docregion
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// #docregion v1, v2
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// #docregion simple
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import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
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import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
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import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
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import { HttpModule } from '@angular/http';
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import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
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import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module';
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// #enddocregion v1
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// Imports for loading & configuring the in-memory web api
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import { InMemoryWebApiModule } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';
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import { HttpClientInMemoryWebApiModule } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';
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import { InMemoryDataService } from './in-memory-data.service';
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// #docregion v1
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import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
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import { DashboardComponent } from './dashboard.component';
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import { HeroesComponent } from './heroes.component';
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import { HeroDetailComponent } from './hero-detail.component';
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import { HeroService } from './hero.service';
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// #enddocregion v1, v2
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import { HeroSearchComponent } from './hero-search.component';
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// #docregion v1, v2
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// #enddocregion simple
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// #docregion platform-detection
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import { PLATFORM_ID, APP_ID, Inject } from '@angular/core';
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import { isPlatformBrowser } from '@angular/common';
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// #enddocregion platform-detection
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// #docregion simple
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@NgModule({
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imports: [
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BrowserModule.withServerTransition({
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appId: 'toh-universal'
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}),
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// #docregion browsermodule
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BrowserModule.withServerTransition({ appId: 'uni' }),
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// #enddocregion browsermodule
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FormsModule,
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HttpModule,
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// #enddocregion v1
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// #docregion in-mem-web-api
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InMemoryWebApiModule.forRoot(InMemoryDataService),
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// #enddocregion in-mem-web-api
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// #docregion v1
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HttpClientModule,
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HttpClientInMemoryWebApiModule.forRoot(InMemoryDataService),
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AppRoutingModule
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],
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// #docregion search
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declarations: [
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AppComponent,
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DashboardComponent,
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HeroDetailComponent,
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HeroesComponent,
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// #enddocregion v1, v2
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HeroSearchComponent
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// #docregion v1, v2
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],
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// #enddocregion search
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providers: [ HeroService ],
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bootstrap: [ AppComponent ]
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})
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export class AppModule { }
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export class AppModule {
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// #enddocregion simple
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// #docregion platform-detection
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constructor(
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@Inject(PLATFORM_ID) private platformId: Object,
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@Inject(APP_ID) private appId: string) {
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const platform = isPlatformBrowser(platformId) ?
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'on the server' : 'in the browser';
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console.log(`Running ${platform} with appId=${appId}`);
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}
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// #enddocregion platform-detection
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// #docregion simple
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}
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// #enddocregion simple
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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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/* #docregion */
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[class*='col-'] {
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float: left;
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padding-right: 20px;
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@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
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<!-- #docregion -->
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<h3>Top Heroes</h3>
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<div class="grid grid-pad">
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<a *ngFor="let hero of heroes" [routerLink]="['/detail', hero.id]" class="col-1-4">
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<a *ngFor="let hero of heroes | async" [routerLink]="['/detail', hero.id]" class="col-1-4">
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<div class="module hero">
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<h4>{{hero.name}}</h4>
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</div>
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@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
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// #docregion , search
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import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
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import { Hero } from './hero';
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import { HeroService } from './hero.service';
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';
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import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
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@Component({
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selector: 'my-dashboard',
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templateUrl: './dashboard.component.html',
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styleUrls: [ './dashboard.component.css' ]
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})
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// #enddocregion search
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export class DashboardComponent implements OnInit {
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heroes: Hero[] = [];
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heroes: Observable<Hero[]>;
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constructor(private heroService: HeroService) { }
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ngOnInit(): void {
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this.heroService.getHeroes()
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.then(heroes => this.heroes = heroes.slice(1, 5));
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this.heroes = this.heroService.getHeroes()
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.map(heroes => heroes.slice(1, 5));
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}
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}
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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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/* #docregion */
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label {
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display: inline-block;
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width: 3em;
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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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<!-- #docregion -->
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<div *ngIf="hero">
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<h2>{{hero.name}} details!</h2>
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<div>
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@ -8,7 +7,5 @@
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<input [(ngModel)]="hero.name" placeholder="name" />
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</div>
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<button (click)="goBack()">Back</button>
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<!-- #docregion save -->
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<button (click)="save()">Save</button>
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<!-- #enddocregion save -->
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</div>
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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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// #docregion
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/switchMap';
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import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
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import { ActivatedRoute, ParamMap } from '@angular/router';
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@ -27,12 +26,11 @@ export class HeroDetailComponent implements OnInit {
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.subscribe(hero => this.hero = hero);
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}
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// #docregion save
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save(): void {
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this.heroService.update(this.hero)
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.then(() => this.goBack());
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this.heroService
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.update(this.hero)
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.subscribe(() => this.goBack());
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}
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// #enddocregion save
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goBack(): void {
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this.location.back();
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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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/* #docregion */
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.search-result{
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border-bottom: 1px solid gray;
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border-left: 1px solid gray;
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@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
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<!-- #docregion -->
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<div id="search-component">
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<h4>Hero Search</h4>
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<input #searchBox id="search-box" (keyup)="search(searchBox.value)" />
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@ -1,20 +1,14 @@
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// #docplaster
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// #docregion
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import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
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import { Router } from '@angular/router';
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// #docregion rxjs-imports
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import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
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import { Subject } from 'rxjs/Subject';
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// Observable class extensions
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import 'rxjs/add/observable/of';
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// Observable operators
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/catch';
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/debounceTime';
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/distinctUntilChanged';
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// #enddocregion rxjs-imports
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import { HeroSearchService } from './hero-search.service';
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import { Hero } from './hero';
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@ -26,27 +20,20 @@ import { Hero } from './hero';
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providers: [HeroSearchService]
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})
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export class HeroSearchComponent implements OnInit {
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// #docregion search
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heroes: Observable<Hero[]>;
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// #enddocregion search
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// #docregion searchTerms
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private searchTerms = new Subject<string>();
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// #enddocregion searchTerms
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constructor(
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private heroSearchService: HeroSearchService,
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private router: Router) {}
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// #docregion searchTerms
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// Push a search term into the observable stream.
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search(term: string): void {
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this.searchTerms.next(term);
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}
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// #enddocregion searchTerms
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// #docregion search
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ngOnInit(): void {
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this.heroes = this.searchTerms
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this.heroes = this.searchTerms.asObservable()
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.debounceTime(300) // wait 300ms after each keystroke before considering the term
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.distinctUntilChanged() // ignore if next search term is same as previous
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.switchMap(term => term // switch to new observable each time the term changes
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@ -60,7 +47,6 @@ export class HeroSearchComponent implements OnInit {
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return Observable.of<Hero[]>([]);
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});
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}
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// #enddocregion search
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gotoDetail(hero: Hero): void {
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let link = ['/detail', hero.id];
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@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
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// #docregion
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import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
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import { Http } from '@angular/http';
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import { Inject, Injectable, Optional } from '@angular/core';
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import { APP_BASE_HREF } from '@angular/common';
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import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
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import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';
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import { Hero } from './hero';
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// #docregion class
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@Injectable()
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export class HeroSearchService {
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constructor(private http: Http) {}
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private searchUrl = 'api/heroes/?name='; // URL to web api
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constructor(
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private http: HttpClient,
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@Optional() @Inject(APP_BASE_HREF) origin: string) {
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this.searchUrl = (origin || '') + this.searchUrl;
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}
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search(term: string): Observable<Hero[]> {
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return this.http
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.get(`api/heroes/?name=${term}`)
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.map(response => response.json().data as Hero[]);
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.get(this.searchUrl + term)
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.map((data: any) => data.data as Hero[]);
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}
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}
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// #enddocregion class
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@ -1,87 +1,64 @@
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// #docplaster
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// #docregion , imports
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import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
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import { Headers, Http } from '@angular/http';
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import { Injectable, Inject, Optional } from '@angular/core';
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import { APP_BASE_HREF } from '@angular/common';
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import { HttpHeaders, HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
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// #docregion rxjs
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/toPromise';
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// #enddocregion rxjs
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import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/catch';
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/do';
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import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';
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import { Hero } from './hero';
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// #enddocregion imports
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const headers = new HttpHeaders({'Content-Type': 'application/json'});
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@Injectable()
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export class HeroService {
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// #docregion update
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private headers = new Headers({'Content-Type': 'application/json'});
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// #enddocregion update
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// #docregion getHeroes
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private heroesUrl = 'api/heroes'; // URL to web api
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constructor(private http: Http) { }
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// #docregion ctor
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constructor(
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private http: HttpClient,
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@Optional() @Inject(APP_BASE_HREF) origin: string) {
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this.heroesUrl = (origin || '') + this.heroesUrl;
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}
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// #enddocregion ctor
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getHeroes(): Promise<Hero[]> {
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getHeroes(): Observable<Hero[]> {
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return this.http.get(this.heroesUrl)
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// #docregion to-promise
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.toPromise()
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// #enddocregion to-promise
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// #docregion to-data
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.then(response => response.json().data as Hero[])
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// #enddocregion to-data
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// #docregion catch
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.map((data: any) => data.data as Hero[])
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.catch(this.handleError);
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// #enddocregion catch
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}
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// #enddocregion getHeroes
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// #docregion getHero
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getHero(id: number): Promise<Hero> {
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getHero(id: number): Observable<Hero> {
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const url = `${this.heroesUrl}/${id}`;
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return this.http.get(url)
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.toPromise()
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.then(response => response.json().data as Hero)
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.map((data: any) => data.data as Hero)
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.catch(this.handleError);
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}
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// #enddocregion getHero
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// #docregion delete
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delete(id: number): Promise<void> {
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delete(id: number): Observable<void> {
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const url = `${this.heroesUrl}/${id}`;
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return this.http.delete(url, {headers: this.headers})
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.toPromise()
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.then(() => null)
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return this.http.delete(url, { headers })
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.catch(this.handleError);
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}
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// #enddocregion delete
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// #docregion create
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create(name: string): Promise<Hero> {
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create(name: string): Observable<Hero> {
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return this.http
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.post(this.heroesUrl, JSON.stringify({name: name}), {headers: this.headers})
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.toPromise()
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.then(res => res.json().data)
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.post(this.heroesUrl, { name: name }, { headers })
|
||||
.map((data: any) => data.data)
|
||||
.catch(this.handleError);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// #enddocregion create
|
||||
// #docregion update
|
||||
|
||||
update(hero: Hero): Promise<Hero> {
|
||||
update(hero: Hero): Observable<Hero> {
|
||||
const url = `${this.heroesUrl}/${hero.id}`;
|
||||
return this.http
|
||||
.put(url, JSON.stringify(hero), {headers: this.headers})
|
||||
.toPromise()
|
||||
.then(() => hero)
|
||||
.put(url, hero, { headers })
|
||||
.catch(this.handleError);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// #enddocregion update
|
||||
|
||||
// #docregion getHeroes, handleError
|
||||
private handleError(error: any): Promise<any> {
|
||||
private handleError(error: any): Observable<any> {
|
||||
console.error('An error occurred', error); // for demo purposes only
|
||||
return Promise.reject(error.message || error);
|
||||
throw error;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// #enddocregion getHeroes, handleError
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -21,31 +21,27 @@ export class HeroesComponent implements OnInit {
|
|||
getHeroes(): void {
|
||||
this.heroService
|
||||
.getHeroes()
|
||||
.then(heroes => this.heroes = heroes);
|
||||
.subscribe(heroes => this.heroes = heroes);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// #docregion add
|
||||
add(name: string): void {
|
||||
name = name.trim();
|
||||
if (!name) { return; }
|
||||
this.heroService.create(name)
|
||||
.then(hero => {
|
||||
.subscribe(hero => {
|
||||
this.heroes.push(hero);
|
||||
this.selectedHero = null;
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
// #enddocregion add
|
||||
|
||||
// #docregion delete
|
||||
delete(hero: Hero): void {
|
||||
this.heroService
|
||||
.delete(hero.id)
|
||||
.then(() => {
|
||||
.subscribe(() => {
|
||||
this.heroes = this.heroes.filter(h => h !== hero);
|
||||
if (this.selectedHero === hero) { this.selectedHero = null; }
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
// #enddocregion delete
|
||||
|
||||
ngOnInit(): void {
|
||||
this.getHeroes();
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||||
<html>
|
||||
<head>
|
||||
<base href="/">
|
||||
<title>Angular Tour of Heroes</title>
|
||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
|
||||
|
||||
</head>
|
||||
|
||||
<body>
|
||||
<my-app>Loading...</my-app>
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
<script src="node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js"></script>
|
||||
<script src="node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.min.js"></script>
|
||||
<script src="dist/build.js"></script>
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
|||
// #docregion
|
||||
import { platformBrowser } from '@angular/platform-browser';
|
||||
import { AppModuleNgFactory } from '../aot/src/app/app.module.ngfactory';
|
||||
|
||||
platformBrowser().bootstrapModuleFactory(AppModuleNgFactory);
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
|
|||
import 'zone.js/dist/zone-node';
|
||||
import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';
|
||||
// import { AppServerModule } from './app.server';
|
||||
import { AppServerModuleNgFactory } from '../../aot/src/uni/app.server.ngfactory';
|
||||
import * as express from 'express';
|
||||
import { ngUniversalEngine } from './universal-engine';
|
||||
|
||||
enableProdMode();
|
||||
|
||||
const server = express();
|
||||
|
||||
// set our angular engine as the handler for html files, so it will be used to render them.
|
||||
server.engine('html', ngUniversalEngine({
|
||||
bootstrap: [AppServerModuleNgFactory]
|
||||
}));
|
||||
|
||||
// set default view directory
|
||||
server.set('views', 'src');
|
||||
|
||||
// handle requests for routes in the app. ngExpressEngine does the rendering.
|
||||
server.get(['/', '/dashboard', '/heroes', '/detail/:id'], (req, res) => {
|
||||
res.render('index-aot.html', {req});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// handle requests for static files
|
||||
server.get(['/*.js', '/*.css'], (req, res, next) => {
|
||||
let fileName: string = req.originalUrl;
|
||||
console.log(fileName);
|
||||
let root = fileName.startsWith('/node_modules/') ? '.' : 'src';
|
||||
res.sendFile(fileName, { root: root }, function (err) {
|
||||
if (err) {
|
||||
next(err);
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// start the server
|
||||
server.listen(3200, () => {
|
||||
console.log('listening on port 3200...');
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Express/Connect middleware for rendering pages using Angular Universal
|
||||
*/
|
||||
import * as fs from 'fs';
|
||||
import { renderModuleFactory } from '@angular/platform-server';
|
||||
|
||||
const templateCache = {}; // cache for page templates
|
||||
const outputCache = {}; // cache for rendered pages
|
||||
|
||||
export function ngUniversalEngine(setupOptions: any) {
|
||||
|
||||
return function (filePath: string, options: { req: Request }, callback: (err: Error, html: string) => void) {
|
||||
let url: string = options.req.url;
|
||||
let html: string = outputCache[url];
|
||||
if (html) {
|
||||
// return already-built page for this url
|
||||
console.log('from cache: ' + url);
|
||||
callback(null, html);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
console.log('building: ' + url);
|
||||
if (!templateCache[filePath]) {
|
||||
let file = fs.readFileSync(filePath);
|
||||
templateCache[filePath] = file.toString();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// render the page via angular platform-server
|
||||
let appModuleFactory = setupOptions.bootstrap[0];
|
||||
renderModuleFactory(appModuleFactory, {
|
||||
document: templateCache[filePath],
|
||||
url: url
|
||||
}).then(str => {
|
||||
outputCache[url] = str;
|
||||
callback(null, str);
|
||||
});
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
|
|||
// #docregion
|
||||
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
|
||||
import { APP_BASE_HREF } from '@angular/common';
|
||||
import { ServerModule } from '@angular/platform-server';
|
||||
import { AppComponent } from '../app/app.component';
|
||||
import { AppModule } from '../app/app.module';
|
||||
|
||||
@NgModule({
|
||||
imports: [
|
||||
AppModule,
|
||||
ServerModule,
|
||||
AppModule
|
||||
],
|
||||
providers: [
|
||||
// Add universal-only providers here
|
||||
],
|
||||
bootstrap: [
|
||||
AppComponent
|
||||
],
|
||||
providers: [
|
||||
{provide: APP_BASE_HREF, useValue: '/'}
|
||||
// { provide: NgModuleFactoryLoader, useClass: ServerRouterLoader }
|
||||
]
|
||||
})
|
||||
export class AppServerModule {
|
||||
}
|
||||
export class AppServerModule {}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
|||
// Express Server for Angular Universal app
|
||||
import 'zone.js/dist/zone-node';
|
||||
import * as express from 'express';
|
||||
import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';
|
||||
|
||||
// #docregion import-app-server-factory
|
||||
// AppServerModuleNgFactory, generated by AOT compiler, is not available at design time
|
||||
import { AppServerModuleNgFactory } from '../../aot/src/universal/app-server.module.ngfactory';
|
||||
// #enddocregion import-app-server-factory
|
||||
|
||||
import { universalEngine } from './universal-engine';
|
||||
|
||||
enableProdMode();
|
||||
|
||||
const port = 3200;
|
||||
const server = express();
|
||||
|
||||
// #docregion universal-engine
|
||||
// Render HTML files with the universal template engine
|
||||
server.engine('html', universalEngine({
|
||||
appModuleFactory: AppServerModuleNgFactory
|
||||
}));
|
||||
|
||||
// engine should find templates (like index.html) in 'src/' by default
|
||||
server.set('views', 'src');
|
||||
// #enddocregion universal-engine
|
||||
|
||||
// CRITICAL TODO: add authentication/authorization middleware
|
||||
|
||||
// #docregion data-request
|
||||
// TODO: implement data requests securely
|
||||
server.get('/api/*', (req, res) => {
|
||||
res.status(404).send('data requests are not supported');
|
||||
});
|
||||
// #enddocregion data-request
|
||||
|
||||
// #docregion navigation-request
|
||||
// simplistic regex matches any path without a '.'
|
||||
const pathWithNoExt = /^([^.]*)$/;
|
||||
|
||||
// treat any path without an extension as in-app navigation
|
||||
server.get(pathWithNoExt, (req, res) => {
|
||||
// render with the universal template engine
|
||||
res.render('index.html', { req });
|
||||
});
|
||||
// #enddocregion navigation-request
|
||||
|
||||
// #docregion static
|
||||
// remaining requests are for static files
|
||||
server.use((req, res, next) => {
|
||||
const fileName = req.originalUrl;
|
||||
console.log(fileName);
|
||||
|
||||
// security: only serve files from node_modules or src
|
||||
const root = fileName.startsWith('/node_modules/') ? '.' : 'src';
|
||||
res.sendFile(fileName, { root }, err => {
|
||||
if (err) { next(err); }
|
||||
});
|
||||
});
|
||||
// #enddocregion static
|
||||
|
||||
// start the server
|
||||
server.listen(port, () => {
|
||||
console.log(`listening on port ${port}...`);
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
|
|||
/**
|
||||
* Node Express template engine for Universal apps
|
||||
*/
|
||||
import * as fs from 'fs';
|
||||
import { Request } from 'express';
|
||||
|
||||
import { renderModuleFactory } from '@angular/platform-server';
|
||||
import { APP_BASE_HREF } from '@angular/common';
|
||||
|
||||
const templateCache: { [key: string]: string } = {}; // page templates
|
||||
const outputCache: { [key: string]: string } = {}; // rendered pages
|
||||
|
||||
export function universalEngine(setupOptions: any) {
|
||||
|
||||
// Express template engine middleware
|
||||
return function (
|
||||
filePath: string,
|
||||
options: { req: Request },
|
||||
callback: (err: Error, html: string) => void) {
|
||||
|
||||
const { req } = options;
|
||||
const routeUrl = req.url;
|
||||
|
||||
const html = outputCache[routeUrl];
|
||||
if (html) {
|
||||
// return already-built page for this url
|
||||
console.log('from cache: ' + routeUrl);
|
||||
callback(null, html);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
console.log('building: ' + routeUrl);
|
||||
let template = templateCache[filePath];
|
||||
if (!template) {
|
||||
template = fs.readFileSync(filePath).toString();
|
||||
templateCache[filePath] = template;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const { appModuleFactory } = setupOptions;
|
||||
const origin = getOrigin(req);
|
||||
|
||||
// render the page
|
||||
// #docregion render
|
||||
renderModuleFactory(appModuleFactory, {
|
||||
document: template,
|
||||
url: routeUrl,
|
||||
extraProviders: [
|
||||
{ provide: APP_BASE_HREF, useValue: origin }
|
||||
]
|
||||
})
|
||||
.then(page => {
|
||||
outputCache[routeUrl] = page;
|
||||
callback(null, page);
|
||||
});
|
||||
// #enddocregion render
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function getOrigin(req: Request) {
|
||||
// e.g., http://localhost:3200/
|
||||
return `${req.protocol}://${req.hostname}:${req.connection.address().port}/`;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"compilerOptions": {
|
||||
"target": "es5",
|
||||
"module": "es2015",
|
||||
"moduleResolution": "node",
|
||||
"sourceMap": true,
|
||||
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
|
||||
"experimentalDecorators": true,
|
||||
"lib": ["es2015", "dom"],
|
||||
"noImplicitAny": true,
|
||||
"suppressImplicitAnyIndexErrors": true,
|
||||
"typeRoots": [
|
||||
"./node_modules/@types/"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
"files": [
|
||||
"src/app/app.module.ts",
|
||||
"src/main-aot.ts"
|
||||
],
|
||||
|
||||
"angularCompilerOptions": {
|
||||
"genDir": "aot",
|
||||
"entryModule": "./src/app/app.module#AppModule",
|
||||
"skipMetadataEmit" : true
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
|
|||
},
|
||||
|
||||
"files": [
|
||||
"src/uni/app.server.ts",
|
||||
"src/uni/server-aot.ts"
|
||||
"src/universal/app-server.module.ts",
|
||||
"src/universal/server.ts"
|
||||
],
|
||||
|
||||
"angularCompilerOptions": {
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
|
|||
const ngtools = require('@ngtools/webpack');
|
||||
const webpack = require('webpack');
|
||||
|
||||
module.exports = {
|
||||
devtool: 'source-map',
|
||||
// #docregion entry
|
||||
entry: {
|
||||
main: [
|
||||
'./src/universal/app-server.module.ts',
|
||||
'./src/universal/server.ts'
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
// #enddocregion entry
|
||||
resolve: {
|
||||
extensions: ['.ts', '.js']
|
||||
},
|
||||
target: 'node',
|
||||
// #docregion output
|
||||
output: {
|
||||
path: 'src/dist',
|
||||
filename: 'server.js'
|
||||
},
|
||||
// #enddocregion output
|
||||
// #docregion plugins
|
||||
plugins: [
|
||||
new ngtools.AotPlugin({
|
||||
tsConfigPath: './tsconfig-universal.json'
|
||||
})
|
||||
],
|
||||
// #enddocregion plugins
|
||||
// #docregion rules
|
||||
module: {
|
||||
rules: [
|
||||
{ test: /\.css$/, loader: 'raw-loader' },
|
||||
{ test: /\.html$/, loader: 'raw-loader' },
|
||||
{ test: /\.ts$/, loader: '@ngtools/webpack' }
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
// #enddocregion rules
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"files":[
|
||||
"!**/*.d.ts",
|
||||
"!**/src/**/*.js",
|
||||
"!**/universal/**/*.js"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"removeSystemJsConfig": false,
|
||||
"type": "universal"
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,849 @@
|
|||
# Angular Universal
|
||||
|
||||
This guide describes **Angular Universal**, a technology that runs your Angular application on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
A normal Angular application executes in the _browser_, rendering pages in the DOM in response to user actions.
|
||||
|
||||
**Angular Universal** generates _static_ application pages on the _server_
|
||||
through a process called **server-side rendering (SSR)**.
|
||||
|
||||
It can generate and serve those pages in response to requests from browsers.
|
||||
It can also pre-generate pages as HTML files that you serve later.
|
||||
|
||||
Universal's server-side rendering has several potential benefits:
|
||||
|
||||
* [Facilitate web crawlers (SEO)](#web-crawlers).
|
||||
* [Show content sooner](#startup-performance).
|
||||
* [Perform well on mobile and low power devices](#no-javascript).
|
||||
|
||||
This guide describes a Universal sample application that launches quickly as a server-rendered page.
|
||||
Meanwhile, the browser downloads the full client version and switches to it automatically after the code loads.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||||
|
||||
[Download the finished sample code](generated/zips/universal/universal.zip),
|
||||
which runs in a [node express](https://expressjs.com/) server.
|
||||
|
||||
Almost _any_ web server technology can serve a Universal app.
|
||||
See this advanced example written for
|
||||
[ASP.NET Core](https://github.com/MarkPieszak/aspnetcore-angular2-universal).
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-important">
|
||||
|
||||
The build setup described in this guide is experimental and subject to change.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Overview
|
||||
|
||||
This overview explains the benefits of a Universal application, how it works, and the limitations of server-side rendering. Then it describes the sample application that goes with this guide.
|
||||
|
||||
Subsequent sections describe a sample Universal application derived from the Tour of Heroes tutorial
|
||||
and explain how to build and run that app.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a why-do-it}
|
||||
|
||||
### Why Universal
|
||||
|
||||
There are three main reasons to create a Universal version of your app.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Facilitate web crawlers (SEO)
|
||||
1. Improve performance on mobile and low-powered devices
|
||||
1. Show the first page quickly
|
||||
|
||||
{@a seo}
|
||||
{@a web-crawlers}
|
||||
#### Facilitate web crawlers
|
||||
|
||||
Google, Bing, Facebook, twitter and other social media sites rely on web crawlers to index your application content and make that content searchable on the web.
|
||||
|
||||
These web crawlers may be unable to navigate and index your highly-interactive, Angular application as a human user could do.
|
||||
|
||||
Angular Universal can generate a static version of your app that is easy searchable, linkable, and navigable without JavaScript.
|
||||
It also makes a site preview available since each URL returns a fully-rendered page.
|
||||
|
||||
Enabling web crawlers is often referred to as
|
||||
[Search Engine Optimization (SEO)](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en//webmasters/docs/search-engine-optimization-starter-guide.pdf).
|
||||
|
||||
{@a no-javascript}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Performance on mobile and low performance devices
|
||||
|
||||
Some devices don't support JavaScript or execute JavaScript so poorly that the user experience is unacceptable.
|
||||
For these cases, you may require a server-rendered, no-JavaScript version of the app.
|
||||
This version, however limited, may be the only practical alternative for
|
||||
people who otherwise would not be able to use the app at all.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a startup-performance}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Show the first page quickly
|
||||
|
||||
Displaying the first page quickly can be critical for user engagement.
|
||||
|
||||
Captive users of a line-of-business app may have to wait.
|
||||
But a casual visitor will switch to a faster site if your app takes "too long" to show the first page.
|
||||
|
||||
While [AOT](guide/aot-compiler) compilation speeds up application start times, it may not be fast enough, especially on mobile devices with slow connections.
|
||||
[53% of mobile site visits are abandoned](https://www.doubleclickbygoogle.com/articles/mobile-speed-matters/) if pages take longer than 3 seconds to load.
|
||||
Your app needs to load quickly, to engage users before they decide to do something else.
|
||||
|
||||
With Angular Universal, you can generate landing pages for the app that look like the complete app.
|
||||
The pages are pure HTML, and can display even if JavaScript is disabled.
|
||||
The pages do not handle browser events, but they _do_ support navigation through the site using [routerLink](guide/router.html#router-link).
|
||||
|
||||
Of course most Angular apps are highly interactive.
|
||||
The landing page looks real and is far more useful than a "loading" spinner.
|
||||
But it won't fool anyone for long.
|
||||
|
||||
In practice, you'll serve a static version of the landing page to hold the user's attention.
|
||||
At the same time, you'll load the full Angular app behind it in the manner [explained below](#transition).
|
||||
The user perceives near-instant performance from the landing page
|
||||
and gets the full interactive experience after the full app loads.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||||
Another tool called <a href="https://universal.angular.io/api/preboot/index.html">Preboot</a> can record browser events such as user keystrokes during the transition and play them back in the full Angular app once it is loaded.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a how-does-it-work}
|
||||
### How it works
|
||||
|
||||
To make a Universal app, you install the `platform-server` package.
|
||||
The `platform-server` package has server implementations of the DOM, `XMLHttpRequest`, and other low-level features that do not rely on a browser.
|
||||
|
||||
You compile the client application with the `platform-server` module instead of the `platform-browser` module.
|
||||
and run the resulting Universal app on a web server.
|
||||
|
||||
The server (a [Node Express](https://expressjs.com/) server in _this_ guide's example)
|
||||
passes client requests for application pages to Universal's `renderModuleFactory` function.
|
||||
|
||||
The `renderModuleFactory` function takes as inputs a *template* HTML page (usually `index.html`),
|
||||
an Angular *module* containing components,
|
||||
and a *route* that determines which components to display.
|
||||
|
||||
The route comes from the client's request to the server.
|
||||
Each request results in the appropriate view for the requested route.
|
||||
|
||||
The `renderModuleFactory` renders that view within the `<app>` tag of the template, creating a finished HTML page for the client.
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, the server returns the rendered page to the client.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a limitations}
|
||||
|
||||
### Working around the browser APIs
|
||||
|
||||
Because a Universal `platform-server` app doesn't execute in the browser, you may have to work around some of the APIs and capabilities that you otherwise take for granted on the client.
|
||||
|
||||
You won't be able reference browser-only native objects such as `window`, `document`, `navigator` or `location`.
|
||||
If you don't need them on the server-rendered page, side-step them with conditional logic.
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, look for an injectable Angular abstraction over the object you need such as `Location` or `Document`;
|
||||
it may substitute adequately for the specific API that you're calling.
|
||||
If Angular doesn't provide it, you may be able to write your own abstraction that delegates to the browser API while in the browser and to a satisfactory alternative implementation while on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
Without mouse or keyboard events, a universal app can't rely on a user clicking a button to show a component.
|
||||
A universal app should determine what to render based solely on the incoming client request.
|
||||
This is a good argument for making the app [routeable](guide/router).
|
||||
|
||||
Http requests with _relative_ URLs don't work.
|
||||
You should convert them to _absolute_ URLs on the server which means you'll need to know the server origin.
|
||||
You can pass the server origin into your app with a [provider](guide/dependency-injection#injector-providers) "universal/*"
|
||||
as you'll see in the [example below](#http-urls).
|
||||
|
||||
Because the user of a server-rendered page can't do much more than click links,
|
||||
you should [swap in the real client app](#transition) as quickly as possible for a proper interactive experience.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a the-example}
|
||||
|
||||
## The example
|
||||
|
||||
The _Tour of Heroes_ tutorial is the foundation for the Universal sample described in this guide.
|
||||
|
||||
The core application files are mostly untouched, with a few exceptions described below.
|
||||
You'll add more files to support building and serving with Universal.
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, Webpack tools compile and bundle the Universal version of the app with the
|
||||
[AOT (Ahead-of-Time) compiler](guide/aot-compiler).
|
||||
A node/express web server turns client requests into the HTML pages rendered by Universal.
|
||||
|
||||
You will create:
|
||||
|
||||
* a server-side app module, `app.server.module.ts`
|
||||
* a Universal app renderer, `universal-engine.ts`
|
||||
* an express web server to handle requests, `server.ts`
|
||||
* a TypeScript config file, `tsconfig-universal.json`
|
||||
* a Webpack config file, `webpack.config.universal.js`
|
||||
|
||||
When you're done, the folder structure will look like this:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="none" linenums="false">
|
||||
src/
|
||||
index.html <i>app web page</i>
|
||||
main.ts <i>bootstrapper for client app</i>
|
||||
style.css <i>styles for the app</i>
|
||||
systemjs.config.js <i>SystemJS client configuration</i>
|
||||
systemjs-angular-loader.js <i>SystemJS add-in</i>
|
||||
tsconfig.json <i>TypeScript client configuration</i>
|
||||
app/ ... <i>application code</i>
|
||||
dist/
|
||||
server.js <i>* AOT-compiled server bundle</i>
|
||||
universal/ <i>* folder for universal code</i>
|
||||
app-server.module.ts <i>* server-side application module</i>
|
||||
server.ts <i>* express web server</i>
|
||||
universal-engine.ts <i>* express template engine</i>
|
||||
bs-config.json <i>config file for lite server</i>
|
||||
package.json <i>npm configuration</i>
|
||||
tsconfig-universal.json <i>* TypeScript Universal configuration</i>
|
||||
webpack.config.universal.js <i>* Webpack Universal configuration</i>
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
The files marked with `*` are new and not in the original tutorial sample.
|
||||
This guide covers them in the sections below.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a preparation}
|
||||
|
||||
## Preparation
|
||||
|
||||
{@a install-the-tools}
|
||||
|
||||
### Install the tools
|
||||
|
||||
To get started, install these Universal and Webpack packages.
|
||||
|
||||
* `@angular/compiler-cli` - contains the AOT compiler
|
||||
* `@angular/platform-server` - Universal server-side components
|
||||
* `webpack` - Webpack JavaScript bundler
|
||||
* `@ngtools/webpack` - Webpack loader and plugin for bundling compiled applications
|
||||
* `raw-loader` - Webpack loader for text files
|
||||
* `express` - node web server
|
||||
* `@types/express` - TypeScript type definitions for express
|
||||
|
||||
Install them with the following commands:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
npm install @angular/compiler-cli @angular/platform-server express --save
|
||||
npm install webpack @ngtools/webpack raw-loader @types/express --save-dev
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
### Modify the client app
|
||||
|
||||
You'll have to modify the client application in a few small ways to enable server-side rendering and
|
||||
to facilitate the transition from the Universal app to the client app.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a transition}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Enable transition to the client app
|
||||
|
||||
A Universal app can act as a dynamic "splash screen" that shows a view of your app while the real client app loads behind it.
|
||||
This gives the appearance of a near-instant application.
|
||||
|
||||
Meanwhile, the browser downloads the client app scripts in background.
|
||||
Once loaded, Angular transitions from the static server-rendered page to the dynamically rendered views of the live client app.
|
||||
|
||||
To make this work, the template for server-side rendering contains the `<script>` tags necessary to load the JavaScript libraries and other assets for the full client app.
|
||||
|
||||
As is often the case, the unmodified client `index.html` acts as the template for server-side rendering.
|
||||
|
||||
But you do have to adjust the root `AppModule`.
|
||||
|
||||
Open file `src/app/app.module.ts` and find the `BrowserModule` import in the `NgModule` metadata.
|
||||
Replace that import with this one:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/app/app.module.ts" region="browsermodule" title="src/app/app.module.ts (withServerTransition)">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||||
|
||||
The `appId` can be any string. Keep it short.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Angular adds the `appId` to styles of the server-rendered pages,
|
||||
so that they can be identified and removed when the client app starts.
|
||||
|
||||
You can get runtime information about the current platform and the `appId` by injection.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/app/app.module.ts" region="platform-detection" title="src/app/app.module.ts (platform detection)">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a http-urls}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Absolute HTTP URLs
|
||||
|
||||
The tutorial's `HeroService` and `HeroSearchService` delegate to the Angular `Http` module to fetch application data.
|
||||
These services send requests to _relative_ URLs such as `api/heroes`.
|
||||
|
||||
In a Universal app, `Http` URLs must be _absolute_ (e.g., `https://my-server.com/api/heroes`)
|
||||
even when the Universal web server is capable of handling those requests.
|
||||
|
||||
You'll have to change the services to make requests with absolute URLs when running on the server
|
||||
and with relative URLs when running in the browser.
|
||||
|
||||
One solution is to provide the server's runtime origin under the Angular [`APP_BASE_REF` token](api/common/APP_BASE_HREF),
|
||||
inject it into the service, and prepend the origin to the request URL.
|
||||
|
||||
Start by changing the `HeroService` constructor to take a second `origin` parameter that is optionally injected via the `APP_BASE_HREF` token.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/app/hero.service.ts" region="ctor" title="src/app/hero.service.ts (constructor with optional origin)">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
Note how the constructor prepends the origin (if it exists) to the `heroesUrl`.
|
||||
|
||||
You don't provide `APP_BASE_HREF` in the browser version, so the `heroesUrl` remains relative.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||||
|
||||
You can ignore `APP_BASE_HREF` in the browser if you've specified `<base href="/">` in the `index.html`
|
||||
to satisfy the router's need for a base address, as the tutorial sample does.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
You will provide the `APP_BASE_HREF` in the universal version of the app (see how [below](#provide-origin)),
|
||||
so the `heroesUrl` becomes absolute.
|
||||
|
||||
Do the same thing to the `HttpSearchService` constructor.
|
||||
You'll have to tweak the `http.get` call in the `search()` method as well.
|
||||
Here's the revised class.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/app/hero-search.service.ts" region="class" title="src/app/hero-search.service.ts (with injected origin)" linenums="false">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a build-client-app}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Try locally first
|
||||
|
||||
Open a terminal window and confirm that the client app still works in the browser.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
npm start
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
When you are done, shut down the server with `ctrl-C`.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Revert the build
|
||||
|
||||
The rest of this page concentrates on the server-side universal app.
|
||||
An important [teaching point below](#universal-in-action) assumes that you _did not compile the client-side app_.
|
||||
|
||||
To maintain that useful fiction, delete the client-side compiled files.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
rm src/main.js* && rm src/app/*.js*
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
<br><hr>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a server-code}
|
||||
|
||||
## Server code
|
||||
|
||||
To run an Angular Universal application, you need a server that accepts client requests and returns rendered pages.
|
||||
That's not part of the client-side Angular app, so you need to add the necessary pieces.
|
||||
|
||||
Create a `universal/` folder as a sibling to the `app/` folder.
|
||||
|
||||
Add to it the following three universal files:
|
||||
|
||||
1. The [app server module](#app-server-module)
|
||||
2. The [Universal engine](#universal-engine)
|
||||
3. The [web server](#web-server)
|
||||
|
||||
{@a app-server-module}
|
||||
|
||||
### App server module
|
||||
|
||||
The app server module class (conventionally named `AppServerModule`) is an Angular module that wraps the application's root module (`AppModule`) so that Universal can mediate between your application and the server.
|
||||
`AppServerModule` also tells Angular how to bootstrap your application when running as a Universal app.
|
||||
|
||||
Create an `app-server.module.ts` file in the `src/universal` directory with the following `AppServerModule` code:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/app-server.module.ts" title="src/universal/app-server.module.ts">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that it imports first the client app's `AppModule` and then Angular Universal's `ServerModule`.
|
||||
|
||||
This is also the place to register providers that are specific to running your app under Universal.
|
||||
But don't register `APP_BASE_HREF` here;
|
||||
register it in the [universal engine instead](#provide-origin).
|
||||
|
||||
{@a universal-engine}
|
||||
|
||||
### Universal template engine
|
||||
|
||||
The Universal `renderModuleFactory` function turns a client's requests into server-rendered HTML pages.
|
||||
You'll call that function within a _template engine_ that's appropriate for your server stack.
|
||||
|
||||
This guide's sample is written for [Node Express](https://expressjs.com/)
|
||||
so the engine takes the form of [Express template engine middleware](https://expressjs.com/en/guide/using-template-engines.html).
|
||||
|
||||
Create a `universal-engine.ts` file in the `src/universal` directory with the following code.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/universal-engine.ts" title="src/universal/universal-engine.ts">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-helpful">
|
||||
|
||||
You can reuse this Universal template engine code in other applications.
|
||||
It knows nothing about the tutorial sample application.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a render-module-factory}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Rendering the page
|
||||
The call to Universal's `renderModuleFactory` is where the rendering magic happens.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/universal-engine.ts" title="src/universal/universal-engine.ts (rendering)" region="render">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
The first parameter is the `AppServerModule` that you wrote [earlier](#app-server-module).
|
||||
It's the bridge between the Universal server-side renderer and your application.
|
||||
|
||||
The second parameter is an options object
|
||||
|
||||
* `document` is the template for the page to render (typically `index.html`).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* `url` is the application route (e.g., `/dashboard`), extracted from the client's request.
|
||||
Universal should render the appropriate page for that route.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* `extraProviders` are optional Angular dependency injection providers, applicable when running on this server
|
||||
|
||||
{@a provide-origin}
|
||||
|
||||
You supply `extraProviders` when your app needs information that can only be determined by the currently running server instance.
|
||||
The required information in this case is the running server's origin.
|
||||
|
||||
As [discussed above](#http-urls), HTTP request URLs must be absolute.
|
||||
Our solution is to calculate the running server's origin (see `getOrigin()`) and provide it under the `APP_BASE_HREF` token.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Cached result
|
||||
|
||||
The `renderModuleFactory` function returns a _promise_ that resolves to the rendered page.
|
||||
It's up to your engine to decide what to do with that page.
|
||||
|
||||
There are many alternatives.
|
||||
For example, the rendered output could be stored as static HTML files to be served later.
|
||||
This engine caches the rendered page in memory so that a given route is only rendered once.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-important">
|
||||
|
||||
That's potentially simplistic.
|
||||
Too many different requests could bloat server memory.
|
||||
Volatile data on the page will get stale and could potentially mislead the user.
|
||||
You might want to invalidate old cached pages periodically.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Most importantly, the promise callback returns the rendered page to the [web server](#web-server),
|
||||
which then forwards it to the client in the HTTP response.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a web-server}
|
||||
|
||||
### Universal web server
|
||||
|
||||
A _Universal_ web server responds to application _page_ requests with static HTML rendered by the [Universal template engine](#universal-engine).
|
||||
|
||||
It's the same as any other web server in all other respects.
|
||||
It receives and responds to HTTP requests from clients (usually browsers).
|
||||
It serves static assets such as scripts, css, and images.
|
||||
It may respond to data requests, perhaps directly or as a proxy to a separate data server.
|
||||
|
||||
The sample web server for _this_ guide is based on the popular [Express](https://expressjs.com/) framework.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||||
|
||||
_Any_ web server technology can serve a Universal app as long as it can call Universal's `renderModuleFactory`.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, see [this ASP.NET Core server](https://github.com/MarkPieszak/aspnetcore-angular2-universal)
|
||||
|
||||
Even if you've chosen a different server technology, the principles and decision points discussed below will apply to you.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Create the `server.ts` file in the `src/universal` directory and add the following code:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/server.ts" title="src/universal/server.ts">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-critical">
|
||||
|
||||
**This sample server is not secure!**
|
||||
Be sure to add middleware to authenticate and authorize users
|
||||
just as you would for a normal Angular application server.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a import-app-server-module-factory}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Import AppServerModule factory
|
||||
|
||||
Most of this server code is re-usable across many applications.
|
||||
One line, the import of the `AppServerModule`, couples it specifically to a single application.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/server.ts" title="src/universal/server.ts" region="import-app-server-factory">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
Your code editor may tell you that this import is incorrect.
|
||||
It refers to the source file for the `AppServerModule` factory which doesn't exist at design time.
|
||||
|
||||
That file _will exist_, briefly, during compilation.
|
||||
The build process creates it in the `../aot` directory, bundles it with other `universal/` code, and erases it during post-build cleanup. It's never around when you're editing `server.ts`.
|
||||
|
||||
All will be well as long as you arrange for the AOT compiler to generate this module factory file _before_ it compiles _this_ web server file.
|
||||
[Learn how below](#typescript-configuration).
|
||||
|
||||
#### Add the Universal template engine
|
||||
|
||||
Express supports template engines such as the [Universal template engine](#universal-engine) you wrote earlier.
|
||||
You import that engine and register it with Express like this:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/server.ts" title="src/universal/server.ts (Universal template engine)" region="universal-engine">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Filter request URLs
|
||||
|
||||
The web server must distinguish _app page requests_ from other kinds of requests.
|
||||
|
||||
It's not as simple as intercepting a request to the root address `/`.
|
||||
The browser could ask for one of the application routes such as `/dashboard`, `/heroes`, or `/detail:12`.
|
||||
In fact, if the app were _only_ rendered by the server, _every_ app link clicked would arrive at the server
|
||||
as a navigation URL intended for the router.
|
||||
|
||||
Fortunately, application routes have something in common: their URLs lack file extensions.
|
||||
|
||||
Data requests also lack extensions but they're easy to recognize because they always begin with `/api`.
|
||||
|
||||
All static asset requests have a file extension (e.g., `main.js` or `/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js`).
|
||||
|
||||
So we can easily recognize the three types of requests and handle them differently.
|
||||
|
||||
1. data request - request URL that begins `/api`
|
||||
2. app navigation - request URL with no file extension
|
||||
3. static asset - all other requests.
|
||||
|
||||
An Express server is a pipeline of middleware that filters and processes URL requests one after the other.
|
||||
|
||||
You configure the Express server pipeline with calls to `server.get()` like this one for data requests.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/server.ts" title="src/universal/server.ts (data URL)" region="data-request" linenums="false">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="l-sub-section">
|
||||
|
||||
This sample server doesn't handle data requests.
|
||||
|
||||
The tutorial's "in-memory web api" module, a demo and development tool, intercepts all HTTP calls and
|
||||
simulates the behavior of a remote data server.
|
||||
In practice, you would remove that module and register your web api middleware on the server here.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-critical">
|
||||
|
||||
**Universal HTTP requests have different security requirements**
|
||||
|
||||
HTTP requests issued from a browser app are not the same as when issued by the universal app on the server.
|
||||
|
||||
When a browser makes an HTTP request, the server can make assumptions about cookies, XSRF headers, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, the browser automatically sends auth cookies for the current user.
|
||||
Angular Universal cannot forward these credentials to a separate data server.
|
||||
If your server handles HTTP requests, you'll have to add your own security plumbing.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
The following code filters for request URLs with no extensions and treats them as navigation requests.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/server.ts" title="src/universal/server.ts (navigation)" region="navigation-request" linenums="false">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Serve static files safely
|
||||
|
||||
A single `server.use()` treats all other URLs as requests for static assets.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/src/universal/server.ts" title="src/universal/server.ts (static files)" region="static" linenums="false">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
In this app, valid static assets are either in the `node_modules` folder or the `src` folder,
|
||||
a fact enforced by the `root` prefixed to the request URL.
|
||||
An attempt to download a file located anywhere else results in `404 - not found`.
|
||||
|
||||
For security reasons, locate sensitive files outside of these two folders.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a universal-configuration}
|
||||
|
||||
## Configure for Universal
|
||||
|
||||
The server application requires its own build configuration, independently from the configuration of the client-side version.
|
||||
|
||||
You'll create two configuration files, one for TypeScript and one for Webpack.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a typescript-configuration}
|
||||
|
||||
### TypeScript configuration
|
||||
|
||||
Create a `tsconfig.universal.json` file in the project root directory to configure TypeScript compilation of the universal app.
|
||||
|
||||
You start with a copy of the client app's `tsconfig.json` and make the following changes.
|
||||
|
||||
* Set the `module` property to `es2015`.
|
||||
The transpiled JavaScript will use `import` statements instead of `require()` calls.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Set the `files` property to compile the `app-server.module` before the `universal-engine`,
|
||||
for the reason [explained above](#import-app-server-module-factory).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* Add a new `angularCompilerOptions` section with the following settings:
|
||||
|
||||
* `genDir` - the temporary output directory for AOT compiled code.
|
||||
* `entryModule` - the root module of the client application, expressed as `path/to/file#ClassName`.
|
||||
* `skipMetadataEmit` - set `true` because you don't need metadata in the bundled application.
|
||||
|
||||
The resulting `tsconfig.universal.json` should look like this.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/tsconfig-universal.json" title="tsconfig-universal.json">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a webpack-configuration}
|
||||
|
||||
### Webpack configuration
|
||||
|
||||
Create a `webpack.config.universal.js` file in the project root directory with the following code.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example path="universal/webpack.config.universal.js" title="webpack.config.universal.js">
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
**Webpack configuration** is a rich topic beyond the scope of this guide.
|
||||
A few observations may clarify some of the choices.
|
||||
|
||||
* Webpack walks the dependency graph from the two entry points to find all necessary universal application files.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* The `@ngtools/webpack` loader loads and prepares the TypeScript files for compilation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* The `AotPlugin` runs the AOT compiler (`ngc`) over the prepared TypeScript, guided by the `tsconfig-universal.json` you created [above](#typescript-configuration).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* The `raw-loader` loads CSS and HTML files as strings.
|
||||
You may need additional loaders or configuration for other file types.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* The compiled output and other asset files are bundled into `src/dist/server.js`.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a build-and-serve-universal}
|
||||
|
||||
## Build and run
|
||||
|
||||
Now that you've created the TypeScript and Webpack config files, you can build and run the Universal application.
|
||||
|
||||
First add the _build_ and _serve_ commands to the `scripts` section of the `package.json`:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="ts">
|
||||
"scripts": {
|
||||
"build:uni": "webpack --config webpack.config.universal.js",
|
||||
"serve:uni": "node src/dist/server.js",
|
||||
...
|
||||
}
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a build}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Build
|
||||
|
||||
From the command prompt, type
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
npm run build:uni
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
Webpack compiles and bundles the universal app into a single output file, `src/dist/server.js`, per the [configuration above](#universal-configuration).
|
||||
It also generates a [source map](https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/), `src/dist/server.js.map` that correlates the bundle code to the source code.
|
||||
|
||||
Source maps are primarily for the browser's [dev tools](https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-devtools/javascript/source-maps), but on the server they help locate compilation errors in your components.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a serve}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Serve
|
||||
After building the server bundle, start the server.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
npm run serve:uni
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
The console window should say
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
listening on port 3200...
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a universal-in-action}
|
||||
|
||||
## Universal in action
|
||||
|
||||
Open a browser to http://localhost:3200/.
|
||||
You should see the familiar Tour of Heroes dashboard page.
|
||||
|
||||
Navigation via `routerLinks` works correctly.
|
||||
You can go from the Dashboard to the Heroes page and back.
|
||||
You can click on a hero on the Dashboard page to display its Details page.
|
||||
|
||||
But clicks, mouse-moves, and keyboard entries are inert.
|
||||
|
||||
* Clicking a hero on the Heroes page does nothing.
|
||||
* You can't add or delete a hero.
|
||||
* The search box on the Dashboard page is ignored.
|
||||
* The _back_ and _save_ buttons on the Details page don't work.
|
||||
|
||||
User events other than `routerLink` clicks aren't supported.
|
||||
The user must wait for the full client app to arrive.
|
||||
|
||||
It will never arrive until you compile the client app,
|
||||
a step you'll take in just a moment.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-important">
|
||||
|
||||
If these features work, then you actually _did_ build the client version of the app and it is executing in the browser.
|
||||
|
||||
You most likely built it earlier when you confirmed that the app still worked after changing the hero services.
|
||||
|
||||
While you will compile the client version soon,
|
||||
at the moment you want to see how the universal app behaves _without the client version_.
|
||||
|
||||
Pretend that you did not build the client version.
|
||||
Open a terminal window and _delete the compiled files_.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
rm src/main.js* && rm src/app/*.js*
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
Now the app should still navigate but do nothing with button clicks.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
#### Review the console log
|
||||
|
||||
Open the browser's development tools.
|
||||
In the console window you should see output like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash" linenums="false">
|
||||
building: /
|
||||
/styles.css
|
||||
/node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js
|
||||
/node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js
|
||||
/node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js
|
||||
/systemjs.config.js
|
||||
/main.js
|
||||
Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, stat '... ./src/main.js' ...
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
The first line shows that the server received a request for '/' and passed it to the Universal engine, which then built the HTML page from your Angular application.
|
||||
The application re-routes `/` to `/dashboard`.
|
||||
|
||||
Refresh the browser and the first console line becomes `building: /dashboard`.
|
||||
|
||||
Refresh again. This time, the first line is `from cache: /dashboard` because your _universal template engine_
|
||||
found the previously rendered page for `/dashboard` in its cache.
|
||||
|
||||
The remaining console log lines report requests for static files coming from `<link>` and `<script>` tags in the `index.html`.
|
||||
The `.js` files in particular are needed to run the client version of the app in the browser.
|
||||
Once they're loaded, Angular _should_ replace the Universal-rendered page with the full client app.
|
||||
|
||||
Except that it didn't!
|
||||
|
||||
#### Missing _main.js_ error
|
||||
|
||||
Note the error at the bottom of the console log that complains about a missing `main.js` file.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, stat '... ./src/main.js' ...
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
The full client app doesn't launch because `main.js` doesn't exist.
|
||||
And `main.js` doesn't exist because you have not yet built the client version of the app.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a client-transition}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Build the client app
|
||||
|
||||
Now build the client-side version of the app.
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
npm run build
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-helpful">
|
||||
|
||||
This command builds the client app in a verbose, development mode.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course you’d build the production version with minimal size in mind, even if you didn’t use universal.
|
||||
Building for production is covered elsewhere in the documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-important">
|
||||
|
||||
The compiler may fail with the following error:
|
||||
|
||||
<code-example format="." language="bash">
|
||||
error TS2307: Cannot find module '../../aot/src/universal/app-server.module.ngfactory'.
|
||||
</code-example>
|
||||
|
||||
You need to exclude the _server-side_ `/universal` folder files from _client app_ compilation.
|
||||
|
||||
Open `tsconfig.json`, find the `"exclude"` node and add `"universal/*"` to the array.
|
||||
The result might look something like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
"exclude": [
|
||||
"node_modules/*",
|
||||
"universal/*"
|
||||
]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Compile again with `npm run build`.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Refresh the browser.
|
||||
The Universal app is quickly replaced by the full client app.
|
||||
The console log fills with requests for more files.
|
||||
|
||||
Most importantly, the event-based features now work as expected.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="alert is-critical">
|
||||
|
||||
When you make application changes, remember to rebuild _both_ the universal _and_ the client-side versions of the app.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
{@a throttling}
|
||||
|
||||
#### Throttling
|
||||
|
||||
The transition from the server-rendered app to the client app happens quickly on a development machine.
|
||||
You can simulate a slower network to see the transition more clearly and
|
||||
better appreciate the launch-speed advantage of a universal app running on a low powered, poorly connected device.
|
||||
|
||||
Open the Chrome Dev Tools and go to the Network tab.
|
||||
Find the [Network Throttling](https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-devtools/network-performance/reference#throttling) dropdown on the far right of the menu bar.
|
||||
|
||||
Try one of the "3G" speeds.
|
||||
The server-rendered app still launches quickly but the full client app takes many seconds to load.
|
||||
|
||||
{@a conclusion}
|
||||
|
||||
## Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
This guide showed you how to take an existing Angular application and make it into a Universal app that does server-side rendering.
|
||||
It also explained some of the key reasons for doing so.
|
||||
|
||||
- Facilitate web crawlers (SEO)
|
||||
- Support low-bandwidth or low-power devices
|
||||
- Fast first page load
|
||||
|
||||
Angular Universal can greatly improve the perceived startup performance of your app.
|
||||
The slower the network, the more advantageous it becomes to have Universal display the first page to the user.
|
||||
|
|
@ -362,7 +362,11 @@
|
|||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
||||
{
|
||||
"url": "guide/universal",
|
||||
"title": "Server-side Rendering",
|
||||
"tooltip": "Render HTML server-side with Angular Universal."
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"url": "guide/visual-studio-2015",
|
||||
"title": "Visual Studio 2015 QuickStart",
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
|||
{
|
||||
"scripts": [
|
||||
{ "name": "build" },
|
||||
{ "name": "build:watch" },
|
||||
{ "name": "serve" },
|
||||
{ "name": "build:aot" },
|
||||
{ "name": "serve:aot" },
|
||||
{ "name": "build:uni" },
|
||||
{ "name": "serve:uni" },
|
||||
{ "name": "copy-dist-files" },
|
||||
{ "name": "i18n" }
|
||||
],
|
||||
"dependencies": [
|
||||
"systemjs",
|
||||
"@angular/compiler-cli",
|
||||
"@angular/platform-server",
|
||||
"express"
|
||||
],
|
||||
"devDependencies": [
|
||||
"@ngtools/webpack",
|
||||
"@types/angular",
|
||||
"@types/angular-animate",
|
||||
"@types/angular-cookies",
|
||||
"@types/angular-mocks",
|
||||
"@types/angular-resource",
|
||||
"@types/angular-route",
|
||||
"@types/angular-sanitize",
|
||||
"@types/express",
|
||||
"canonical-path",
|
||||
"http-server",
|
||||
"concurrently",
|
||||
"lite-server",
|
||||
"raw-loader",
|
||||
"rollup",
|
||||
"rollup-plugin-commonjs",
|
||||
"rollup-plugin-node-resolve",
|
||||
"rollup-plugin-uglify",
|
||||
"source-map-explorer",
|
||||
"webpack"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -30,6 +30,10 @@
|
|||
"test:webpack": "karma start karma.webpack.conf.js",
|
||||
"build:webpack": "rimraf dist && webpack --config config/webpack.prod.js --bail",
|
||||
"build:babel": "babel src -d src --extensions \".es6\" --source-maps",
|
||||
"build:uni": "webpack --config webpack.config.universal.js",
|
||||
"serve:uni": "node src/dist/server.js",
|
||||
|
||||
"clean": "rimraf src/dist && rimraf src/app/*.js* && rimraf src/universal/*.js* && rimraf src/main.js*",
|
||||
"copy-dist-files": "node ./copy-dist-files.js",
|
||||
"i18n": "ng-xi18n"
|
||||
},
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
|
|||
"compileOnSave": true,
|
||||
"exclude": [
|
||||
"node_modules/*",
|
||||
"**/*-aot.ts"
|
||||
"**/*-aot.ts",
|
||||
"universal/*"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -27,13 +27,15 @@
|
|||
"@angular/upgrade": "~4.3.1",
|
||||
"angular-in-memory-web-api": "~0.4.0",
|
||||
"core-js": "^2.4.1",
|
||||
"express": "^4.14.1",
|
||||
"rxjs": "^5.1.0",
|
||||
"systemjs": "0.19.39",
|
||||
"web-animations-js": "^2.3.1",
|
||||
"zone.js": "^0.8.4"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"devDependencies": {
|
||||
"@angular/cli": "1.3.1",
|
||||
"@angular/cli": "^1.3.1",
|
||||
"@ngtools/webpack": "^1.2.11",
|
||||
"@types/angular": "^1.5.16",
|
||||
"@types/angular-animate": "^1.5.5",
|
||||
"@types/angular-cookies": "^1.4.2",
|
||||
|
|
@ -41,6 +43,7 @@
|
|||
"@types/angular-resource": "^1.5.6",
|
||||
"@types/angular-route": "^1.3.2",
|
||||
"@types/angular-sanitize": "^1.3.3",
|
||||
"@types/express": "^4.0.35",
|
||||
"@types/jasmine": "~2.5.53",
|
||||
"@types/jasminewd2": "^2.0.3",
|
||||
"@types/node": "^6.0.45",
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -230,7 +230,11 @@
|
|||
version "2.0.46"
|
||||
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/jquery/-/jquery-2.0.46.tgz#c245426299b43c4bb75f44b813090bd5918d00f2"
|
||||
|
||||
"@types/node@^6.0.45", "@types/node@^6.0.46":
|
||||
"@types/mime@*":
|
||||
version "1.3.1"
|
||||
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/mime/-/mime-1.3.1.tgz#2cf42972d0931c1060c7d5fa6627fce6bd876f2f"
|
||||
|
||||
"@types/node@*", "@types/node@^6.0.45", "@types/node@^6.0.46":
|
||||
version "6.0.78"
|
||||
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/node/-/node-6.0.78.tgz#5d4a3f579c1524e01ee21bf474e6fba09198f470"
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -242,6 +246,13 @@
|
|||
version "2.53.42"
|
||||
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/selenium-webdriver/-/selenium-webdriver-2.53.42.tgz#74cb77fb6052edaff2a8984ddafd88d419f25cac"
|
||||
|
||||
"@types/serve-static@*":
|
||||
version "1.7.31"
|
||||
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/serve-static/-/serve-static-1.7.31.tgz#15456de8d98d6b4cff31be6c6af7492ae63f521a"
|
||||
dependencies:
|
||||
"@types/express-serve-static-core" "*"
|
||||
"@types/mime" "*"
|
||||
|
||||
abbrev@1:
|
||||
version "1.1.0"
|
||||
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/abbrev/-/abbrev-1.1.0.tgz#d0554c2256636e2f56e7c2e5ad183f859428d81f"
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue