diff --git a/modules/core/src/application.js b/modules/core/src/application.js
index 775829e4f3..dab33152c2 100644
--- a/modules/core/src/application.js
+++ b/modules/core/src/application.js
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ export var appElementToken = new OpaqueToken('AppElement');
 export var appComponentAnnotatedTypeToken = new OpaqueToken('AppComponentAnnotatedType');
 export var appDocumentToken = new OpaqueToken('AppDocument');
 
-// Exported only for tests that need to overwrite default document binding.
-export function documentDependentBindings(appComponentType) {
+function _injectorBindings(appComponentType) {
   return [
+      bind(appDocumentToken).toValue(DOM.defaultDoc()),
       bind(appComponentAnnotatedTypeToken).toFactory((reader) => {
         // TODO(rado): inspect annotation here and warn if there are bindings,
         // lightDomServices, and other component annotations that are skipped
@@ -70,11 +70,6 @@ export function documentDependentBindings(appComponentType) {
   ];
 }
 
-function _injectorBindings(appComponentType) {
-  return ListWrapper.concat([bind(appDocumentToken).toValue(DOM.defaultDoc())],
-      documentDependentBindings(appComponentType));
-}
-
 function _createVmZone(givenReporter:Function){
   var defaultErrorReporter = (exception, stackTrace) => {
     var longStackTrace = ListWrapper.join(stackTrace, "\n\n-----async gap-----\n");
@@ -99,10 +94,7 @@ export function bootstrap(appComponentType: Type, bindings=null, givenBootstrapE
     // TODO(rado): prepopulate template cache, so applications with only
     // index.html and main.js are possible.
 
-    if (isBlank(_rootInjector)) _rootInjector = new Injector(_rootBindings);
-
-    var appInjector = _rootInjector.createChild(_injectorBindings(appComponentType));
-    if (isPresent(bindings)) appInjector = appInjector.createChild(bindings);
+    var appInjector = _createAppInjector(appComponentType, bindings);
 
     PromiseWrapper.then(appInjector.asyncGet(LifeCycle),
       (lc) => {
@@ -119,3 +111,11 @@ export function bootstrap(appComponentType: Type, bindings=null, givenBootstrapE
 
   return bootstrapProcess.promise;
 }
+
+function _createAppInjector(appComponentType: Type, bindings: List): Injector {
+  if (isBlank(_rootInjector)) _rootInjector = new Injector(_rootBindings);
+  var mergedBindings = isPresent(bindings) ?
+      ListWrapper.concat(_injectorBindings(appComponentType), bindings) :
+      _injectorBindings(appComponentType);
+  return _rootInjector.createChild(mergedBindings);
+}
diff --git a/modules/core/test/application_spec.js b/modules/core/test/application_spec.js
index a689f0cc8c..3e80c52125 100644
--- a/modules/core/test/application_spec.js
+++ b/modules/core/test/application_spec.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import {describe, ddescribe, it, iit, xit, xdescribe, expect, beforeEach} from 'test_lib/test_lib';
-import {bootstrap, appDocumentToken, appElementToken, documentDependentBindings}
+import {bootstrap, appDocumentToken, appElementToken}
     from 'core/application';
 import {Component} from 'core/annotations/annotations';
 import {DOM} from 'facade/dom';
 import {ListWrapper} from 'facade/collection';
 import {PromiseWrapper} from 'facade/async';
-import {bind} from 'di/di';
+import {bind, Inject} from 'di/di';
 import {TemplateConfig} from 'core/annotations/template_config';
 
 @Component({
@@ -36,8 +36,23 @@ class HelloRootCmp2 {
   }
 }
 
+@Component({
+  selector: 'hello-app',
+  template: new TemplateConfig({
+    inline: '',
+    directives: []
+  })
+})
+class HelloRootCmp3 {
+  appBinding;
+
+  constructor(@Inject("appBinding") appBinding) {
+    this.appBinding = appBinding;
+  }
+}
+
 export function main() {
-  var fakeDoc, el, el2;
+  var fakeDoc, el, el2, testBindings;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     fakeDoc = DOM.createHtmlDocument();
@@ -45,13 +60,9 @@ export function main() {
     el2 = DOM.createElement('hello-app-2', fakeDoc);
     DOM.appendChild(fakeDoc.body, el);
     DOM.appendChild(fakeDoc.body, el2);
+    testBindings = [bind(appDocumentToken).toValue(fakeDoc)];
   });
 
-  function testBindings(appComponentType) {
-    return ListWrapper.concat([bind(appDocumentToken).toValue(fakeDoc),
-    ], documentDependentBindings(appComponentType));
-  }
-
   describe('bootstrap factory method', () => {
     it('should throw if no element is found', (done) => {
       var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, [], (e,t) => {throw e;});
@@ -63,12 +74,12 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should create an injector promise', () => {
-      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings(HelloRootCmp));
+      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings);
       expect(injectorPromise).not.toBe(null);
     });
 
     it('should resolve an injector promise and contain bindings', (done) => {
-      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings(HelloRootCmp));
+      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings);
       injectorPromise.then((injector) => {
         expect(injector.get(appElementToken)).toBe(el);
         done();
@@ -76,7 +87,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should provide the application component in the injector', (done) => {
-      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings(HelloRootCmp));
+      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings);
       injectorPromise.then((injector) => {
         expect(injector.get(HelloRootCmp)).toBeAnInstanceOf(HelloRootCmp);
         done();
@@ -84,7 +95,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should display hello world', (done) => {
-      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings(HelloRootCmp));
+      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings);
       injectorPromise.then((injector) => {
         expect(injector.get(appElementToken)
             .shadowRoot.childNodes[0].nodeValue).toEqual('hello world!');
@@ -93,8 +104,8 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should support multiple calls to bootstrap', (done) => {
-      var injectorPromise1 = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings(HelloRootCmp));
-      var injectorPromise2 = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp2, testBindings(HelloRootCmp2));
+      var injectorPromise1 = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp, testBindings);
+      var injectorPromise2 = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp2, testBindings);
       PromiseWrapper.all([injectorPromise1, injectorPromise2]).then((injectors) => {
         expect(injectors[0].get(appElementToken)
             .shadowRoot.childNodes[0].nodeValue).toEqual('hello world!');
@@ -103,5 +114,17 @@ export function main() {
         done();
       });
     });
+
+    it("should make the provided binings available to the application component", (done) => {
+      var injectorPromise = bootstrap(HelloRootCmp3, [
+        testBindings,
+        bind("appBinding").toValue("BoundValue")
+      ]);
+
+      injectorPromise.then((injector) => {
+        expect(injector.get(HelloRootCmp3).appBinding).toEqual("BoundValue");
+        done();
+      });
+    });
   });
 }
diff --git a/modules/di/test/di/injector_spec.js b/modules/di/test/di/injector_spec.js
index 6b49d82e68..07a79bd204 100644
--- a/modules/di/test/di/injector_spec.js
+++ b/modules/di/test/di/injector_spec.js
@@ -148,6 +148,16 @@ export function main() {
       expect(car).toBeAnInstanceOf(Car);
     });
 
+    it("should use the last binding "+
+      "when there are mutliple bindings for same token", function () {
+      var injector = new Injector([
+        bind(Engine).toClass(Engine),
+        bind(Engine).toClass(TurboEngine)
+      ]);
+
+      expect(injector.get(Engine)).toBeAnInstanceOf(TurboEngine);
+    });
+
     it('should use non-type tokens', function () {
       var injector = new Injector([
         bind('token').toValue('value')