完成了模板语法章
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For more information, see [\* and <template>](#star-template).
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For more information, see [\* and <template>](#star-template).
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不要忘记了`ngIf`前面的星号(`*`)。
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不要忘记了`ngIf`前面的星号(`*`)。
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要了解更多,参见[\* 和 <模板>](#star-template)。
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要了解更多,参见[\*与<template>](#star-template)。
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// #enddocregion directives-ngIf-2
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// #enddocregion directives-ngIf-2
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// #docregion directives-ngIf-3
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// #docregion directives-ngIf-3
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:marked
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:marked
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@ -1772,7 +1772,12 @@ figure.image-display
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from a *set* of possible element trees, based on some condition.
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from a *set* of possible element trees, based on some condition.
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Angular puts only the *selected* element tree into the DOM.
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Angular puts only the *selected* element tree into the DOM.
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当需要从 *一组* 可能的元素树中根据条件显示 *一个* 时,我们就把它绑定到`NgSwitch`。
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Angular将只把 *选中的* 元素树放进DOM中。
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Here’s an example:
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Here’s an example:
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下面是例子:
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// #enddocregion directives-ngSwitch-1
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// #enddocregion directives-ngSwitch-1
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgSwitch')(format=".")
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgSwitch')(format=".")
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// #docregion directives-ngSwitch-2
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// #docregion directives-ngSwitch-2
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@ -1780,32 +1785,58 @@ figure.image-display
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We bind the parent `NgSwitch` directive to an expression returning a *switch value*.
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We bind the parent `NgSwitch` directive to an expression returning a *switch value*.
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The value is a string in this example, but it can be a value of any type.
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The value is a string in this example, but it can be a value of any type.
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我们把作为父指令的`NgSwitch`绑定到一个能返回 *开关值* 的表达式。
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本例中,这个值是字符串,但它也可能是任何类型的值。
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In this example, the parent `NgSwitch` directive controls a set of child `<span>` elements.
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In this example, the parent `NgSwitch` directive controls a set of child `<span>` elements.
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A `<span>` is either pegged to a *match value* expression or marked as the default.
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A `<span>` is either pegged to a *match value* expression or marked as the default.
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这个例子中,父指令`NgSwitch`控制一组`<span>`子元素。
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每个`<span>`或者挂在一个 *匹配值* 表达式上,或者被标记为默认情况。
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**At any particular moment, at most one of these *spans* is in the DOM.**
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**At any particular moment, at most one of these *spans* is in the DOM.**
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**任何时候,这些 *span* 中最多只有一个会出现在DOM中。**
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If the *span*’s *match value* equals the switch value, Angular adds the `<span>` to the DOM.
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If the *span*’s *match value* equals the switch value, Angular adds the `<span>` to the DOM.
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If none of the *spans* is a match, Angular adds the default *span* to the DOM.
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If none of the *spans* is a match, Angular adds the default *span* to the DOM.
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Angular removes and destroys all other *spans*.
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Angular removes and destroys all other *spans*.
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如果这个 *span* 的 *匹配值* 与 *开关值* 相等,Angular就把这个`<span>`添加到DOM中。
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如果没有任何 *span* 匹配上,Angular就把默认的 *span* 添加到DOM中。
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Angular会移除并销毁所有其它的 *span* 。
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.l-sub-section
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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:marked
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We could substitute any element for the *span* in this example.
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We could substitute any element for the *span* in this example.
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That element could be a `<div>` with a vast subtree of its own elements.
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That element could be a `<div>` with a vast subtree of its own elements.
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Only the matching `<div>` and its subtree would appear in the DOM;
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Only the matching `<div>` and its subtree would appear in the DOM;
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the others would be removed.
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the others would be removed.
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我们可以用任何其它元素代替本例中的 *span* 。
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那个元素可以是一个带有巨大子树的`<div>`。
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只有匹配的`<div>`和它的子树会显示在DOM中,其它的则会被移除。
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:marked
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:marked
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Three collaborating directives are at work here:
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Three collaborating directives are at work here:
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这里有三个相互合作的指令:
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1. `ngSwitch`: bound to an expression that returns the switch value
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1. `ngSwitch`: bound to an expression that returns the switch value
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1. `ngSwitch`:绑定到一个返回开关值的表达式
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1. `ngSwitchWhen`: bound to an expression returning a match value
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1. `ngSwitchWhen`: bound to an expression returning a match value
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1. `ngSwitchWhen`:绑定到一个返回匹配值的表达式
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1. `ngSwitchDefault`: a marker attribute on the default element
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1. `ngSwitchDefault`: a marker attribute on the default element
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1. `ngSwitchDefault`:用于标记出默认元素的Attribute
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.alert.is-critical
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.alert.is-critical
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:marked
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:marked
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**Do *not*** put the asterisk (`*`) in front of `ngSwitch`. Use the property binding instead.
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**Do *not*** put the asterisk (`*`) in front of `ngSwitch`. Use the property binding instead.
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**不要** 在`ngSwitch`的前面放星号(`*`),而应该用属性绑定。
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**Do** put the asterisk (`*`) in front of `ngSwitchWhen` and `ngSwitchDefault`.
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**Do** put the asterisk (`*`) in front of `ngSwitchWhen` and `ngSwitchDefault`.
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For more information, see [\* and <template>](#star-template).
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For more information, see [\* and <template>](#star-template).
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把星号(`*`) **放在** `ngSwitchWhen`和`ngSwitchDefault`的前面。
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要了解更多信息,参见[\*与<template>](#star-template)。
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// #enddocregion directives-ngSwitch-2
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// #enddocregion directives-ngSwitch-2
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-1
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-1
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### NgFor
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### NgFor
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`NgFor` is a _repeater_ directive — a way to customize data display.
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`NgFor` is a _repeater_ directive — a way to customize data display.
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`NgFor`是一个 _重复器_ 指令 —— 自定义数据显示的一种方式。
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Our goal is to present a list of items. We define a block of HTML that defines how a single item should be displayed.
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Our goal is to present a list of items. We define a block of HTML that defines how a single item should be displayed.
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We tell Angular to use that block as a template for rendering each item in the list.
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We tell Angular to use that block as a template for rendering each item in the list.
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我们的目标是展示一个多个条目组成的列表。我们定义了一个HTML块儿,它规定单个条目应该如何显示。
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我们告诉Angular把这个块儿当做模板,用于在列表中渲染每个条目。
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Here is an example of `NgFor` applied to a simple `<div>`:
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Here is an example of `NgFor` applied to a simple `<div>`:
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这里是一个例子,它把`NgFor`应用在一个简单的`<div>`上:
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-1
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-1
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgFor-1')(format=".")
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgFor-1')(format=".")
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-2
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-2
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:marked
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:marked
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We can also apply an `NgFor` to a component element, as in this example:
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We can also apply an `NgFor` to a component element, as in this example:
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我们也可以把`NgFor`应用在一个组件元素上,就像这个例子中一样:
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-2
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-2
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgFor-2')(format=".")
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgFor-2')(format=".")
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:marked
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:marked
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Don't forget the asterisk (`*`) in front of `ngFor`.
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Don't forget the asterisk (`*`) in front of `ngFor`.
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For more information, see [\* and <template>](#star-template).
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For more information, see [\* and <template>](#star-template).
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不要忘了`ngFor`前面的星号(`*`)。
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要了解更多,参见[\*与<template>](#star-template)
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:marked
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:marked
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The text assigned to `*ngFor` is the instruction that guides the repeater process.
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The text assigned to `*ngFor` is the instruction that guides the repeater process.
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赋值给`*ngFor`的文本是一个用于指导重复器如何工作的“操作指南”。
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-3
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-3
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-4
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-4
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<a id="ngForMicrosyntax"></a>
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<a id="ngForMicrosyntax"></a>
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:marked
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:marked
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#### NgFor microsyntax
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#### NgFor microsyntax
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#### NgFor微语法
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The string assigned to `*ngFor` is not a [template expression](#template-expressions).
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The string assigned to `*ngFor` is not a [template expression](#template-expressions).
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It’s a *microsyntax* — a little language of its own that Angular interprets. In this example, the string "let hero of heroes" means:
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It’s a *microsyntax* — a little language of its own that Angular interprets. In this example, the string "let hero of heroes" means:
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赋值给`*ngFor`的字符串并不是一个[模板表达式](#template-expressions)。
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它是一个 *微语法* —— 由Angular自己解释的小语言。在这个例子中,字符串`let hero of heroes`的含义是:
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>*Take each hero in the `heroes` array, store it in the local `hero` variable, and make it available to the templated HTML
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>*Take each hero in the `heroes` array, store it in the local `hero` variable, and make it available to the templated HTML
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for each iteration.*
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for each iteration.*
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>*取出`heroes`数组中的每个英雄,把它存在一个局部变量`hero`中,并且在每个迭代中让它对模板HTML可用*
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Angular translates this instruction into a new set of elements and bindings.
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Angular translates this instruction into a new set of elements and bindings.
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Angular把这份“操作指南”翻译成一组“元素和绑定”。
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-4
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-4
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-5
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-5
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:marked
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:marked
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@ -1854,32 +1906,50 @@ figure.image-display
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stamping out instances of the element to which it is applied.
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stamping out instances of the element to which it is applied.
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Angular creates a fresh instance of the template for each hero in the array.
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Angular creates a fresh instance of the template for each hero in the array.
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在前面的两个范例中,`ngFor`指令在`heroes`变量上进行迭代(它是由父组件的`heroes`属性返回的),以其应用到的元素为模板“冲压”出很多实例。
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Angular为数组中的每个英雄创建了此模板的一个全新实例。
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The `let` keyword before "hero" creates a template input variable called `hero`.
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The `let` keyword before "hero" creates a template input variable called `hero`.
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"hero"前面的`let`关键字创建了一个名叫`hero`的模板输入变量。
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.alert.is-critical
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.alert.is-critical
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:marked
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:marked
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A template input variable is **not** the same as a [template reference variable](#ref-vars)!
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A template input variable is **not** the same as a [template reference variable](#ref-vars)!
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模板输入变量和[模板引用变量](#ref-vars)不是一回事儿!
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:marked
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:marked
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We use this variable within the template to access a hero’s properties,
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We use this variable within the template to access a hero’s properties,
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as we’re doing in the interpolation.
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as we’re doing in the interpolation.
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We can also pass the variable in a binding to a component element,
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We can also pass the variable in a binding to a component element,
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as we're doing with `hero-detail`.
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as we're doing with `hero-detail`.
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我们在模板中使用这个变量来访问英雄的属性,就像在插值表达式中所做的那样。
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我们也可以把这个变量传给组件元素上的一个绑定,就像我们对`hero-detail`所做的那样。
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-5
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-5
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-6
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-6
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:marked
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:marked
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#### NgFor with index
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#### NgFor with index
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#### 带索引的NgFor
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The `ngFor` directive supports an optional `index` that increases from 0 to the length of the array for each iteration.
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The `ngFor` directive supports an optional `index` that increases from 0 to the length of the array for each iteration.
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We can capture the index in a template input variable and use it in our template.
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We can capture the index in a template input variable and use it in our template.
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`ngFor`指令支持一个可选的`index`,它在迭代过程中会从0增长到(当前数组的长度-1)。
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我们可以通过模板输入变量来捕获这个index,并把它用在模板中。
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The next example captures the index in a variable named `i`, using it to stamp out rows like "1 - Hercules Son of Zeus".
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The next example captures the index in a variable named `i`, using it to stamp out rows like "1 - Hercules Son of Zeus".
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下一个例子把index捕获到了一个名叫`i`的变量中,使用它“冲压出”像"1 - Hercules Son of Zeus"这样的条目。
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-6
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-6
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgFor-3')(format=".")
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgFor-3')(format=".")
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-7
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// #docregion directives-ngFor-7
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.l-sub-section
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.l-sub-section
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:marked
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:marked
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Learn about other special *index-like* values such as `last`, `even`, and `odd` in the [NgFor API reference](../api/common/NgFor-directive.html).
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Learn about other special *index-like* values such as `last`, `even`, and `odd` in the [NgFor API reference](../api/common/NgFor-directive.html).
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要学习更多的 *类似于index* 的值,例如`last`、`even`和`odd`,请参阅[NgFor API 参考](../api/common/NgFor-directive.html)。
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-7
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// #enddocregion directives-ngFor-7
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// #docregion directives-ngForTrackBy-1
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// #docregion directives-ngForTrackBy-1
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The `ngFor` directive has the potential to perform poorly, especially with large lists.
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The `ngFor` directive has the potential to perform poorly, especially with large lists.
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A small change to one item, an item removed, or an item added can trigger a cascade of DOM manipulations.
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A small change to one item, an item removed, or an item added can trigger a cascade of DOM manipulations.
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`ngFor`指令有时候会性能较差,特别是在大型列表中。
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对一个条目的一点小更改、移除或添加,都会导致级联的DOM操作。
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For example, we could refresh the list of heroes by re-querying the server.
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For example, we could refresh the list of heroes by re-querying the server.
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The refreshed list probably contains most, if not all, of the previously displayed heroes.
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The refreshed list probably contains most, if not all, of the previously displayed heroes.
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例如,我们可以通过重新从服务器查询来刷新英雄列表。
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刷新后的列表可能包含很多(如果不是全部的话)以前显示过的英雄。
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*We* know this because the `id` of each hero hasn't changed.
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*We* know this because the `id` of each hero hasn't changed.
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But Angular sees only a fresh list of new object references.
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But Angular sees only a fresh list of new object references.
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It has no choice but to tear down the old list, discard those DOM elements, and re-build a new list with new DOM elements.
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It has no choice but to tear down the old list, discard those DOM elements, and re-build a new list with new DOM elements.
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*我们*知道这一点,是因为每个英雄的`id`没有变化。
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但在Angular看来,它只是一个由新的对象引用构成的新列表,
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所以它没有选择,只能清理老列表、舍弃那些DOM元素,并且用新的DOM元素来重建一个新列表。
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Angular can avoid this churn if we give it a *tracking* function that tells it what we know:
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Angular can avoid this churn if we give it a *tracking* function that tells it what we know:
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that two objects with the same `hero.id` are the same *hero*. Here is such a function:
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that two objects with the same `hero.id` are the same *hero*. Here is such a function:
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如果我们给它一个 *追踪* 函数,Angular就可以避免这种折腾。追踪函数告诉Angular:我们知道两个具有相同`hero.id`的对象其实是同一个英雄。
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下面就是这样一个函数:
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// #enddocregion directives-ngForTrackBy-1
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// #enddocregion directives-ngForTrackBy-1
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.ts', 'trackByHeroes')(format=".")
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+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.ts', 'trackByHeroes')(format=".")
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// #docregion directives-ngForTrackBy-2
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// #docregion directives-ngForTrackBy-2
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:marked
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:marked
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Now set the `NgForTrackBy` directive to that *tracking* function.
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Now set the `NgForTrackBy` directive to that *tracking* function.
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Angular offers a variety of equivalent syntax choices including these two:
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Angular offers a variety of equivalent syntax choices including these two:
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现在,把`NgForTrackBy`指令设置为那个 *追踪* 函数。
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||||||
|
Angular从语法上提供了等价的可选变体,比如这两个:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion directives-ngForTrackBy-2
|
// #enddocregion directives-ngForTrackBy-2
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgForTrackBy-2')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgForTrackBy-2')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion directives-ngForTrackBy-3
|
// #docregion directives-ngForTrackBy-3
|
||||||
|
@ -1912,7 +1998,14 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
But if the properties haven't changed — and most of the time they will not have changed —
|
But if the properties haven't changed — and most of the time they will not have changed —
|
||||||
Angular can leave those DOM elements alone. The list UI will be smoother and more responsive.
|
Angular can leave those DOM elements alone. The list UI will be smoother and more responsive.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*追踪* 函数不会排除所有DOM更改。
|
||||||
|
如果用来判断是否同一个英雄的 *属性* 变化了,Angular就可能不得不更新DOM元素。
|
||||||
|
但是如果这个属性没有变化 —— 而且大多数时候它们不会变化 ——
|
||||||
|
Angular就能留下这些DOM元素。列表界面就会更加平滑,提供更好的响应。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here is an illustration of the `NgForTrackBy` effect.
|
Here is an illustration of the `NgForTrackBy` effect.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这里是关于`NgForTrackBy`效果的一个插图。
|
||||||
figure.image-display
|
figure.image-display
|
||||||
img(src='/resources/images/devguide/template-syntax/ng-for-track-by-anim.gif' alt="NgForTrackBy")
|
img(src='/resources/images/devguide/template-syntax/ng-for-track-by-anim.gif' alt="NgForTrackBy")
|
||||||
// #enddocregion directives-ngForTrackBy-3
|
// #enddocregion directives-ngForTrackBy-3
|
||||||
|
@ -1923,23 +2016,36 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
.l-main-section
|
.l-main-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
## * and <template>
|
## * and <template>
|
||||||
|
## *与<template*>
|
||||||
When we reviewed the `NgFor`, `NgIf`, and `NgSwitch` built-in directives, we called out an oddity of the syntax: the asterisk (`*`) that appears before the directive names.
|
When we reviewed the `NgFor`, `NgIf`, and `NgSwitch` built-in directives, we called out an oddity of the syntax: the asterisk (`*`) that appears before the directive names.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
当我们审视`NgFor`、`NgIf`和`NgSwitch`内置指令时,我们使用了古怪的语法:出现在指令名称前面的星号(`*`)。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The `*` is a bit of syntactic sugar that makes it easier to read and write directives that modify HTML layout
|
The `*` is a bit of syntactic sugar that makes it easier to read and write directives that modify HTML layout
|
||||||
with the help of templates.
|
with the help of templates.
|
||||||
`NgFor`, `NgIf`, and `NgSwitch` all add and remove element subtrees that are wrapped in `<template>` tags.
|
`NgFor`, `NgIf`, and `NgSwitch` all add and remove element subtrees that are wrapped in `<template>` tags.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`*`是一种语法糖,它让那些借助模板的帮助来修改HTML布局的指令更易于读写。
|
||||||
|
`NgFor`、`NgIf`和`NgSwitch`都会添加或移除包裹在`<template>`标签中的元素子树。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We didn't see the `<template>` tags because the `*` prefix syntax allowed us to skip those tags and
|
We didn't see the `<template>` tags because the `*` prefix syntax allowed us to skip those tags and
|
||||||
focus directly on the HTML element that we are including, excluding, or repeating.
|
focus directly on the HTML element that we are including, excluding, or repeating.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们没有看到`<template>`标签,那是因为这种`*`前缀语法让我们忽略了这个标签,而把注意力直接聚焦在所要包含、排除或重复的那些HTML元素上。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In this section we go under the hood and see how
|
In this section we go under the hood and see how
|
||||||
Angular strips away the `*` and expands the HTML into the `<template>` tags for us.
|
Angular strips away the `*` and expands the HTML into the `<template>` tags for us.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在这一节,我们将掀开引擎盖儿,看看Angular是怎样替我们扒掉这个`*`,并且把这段HTML展开到`<template>`标签中的。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template
|
// #enddocregion star-template
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-1
|
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-1
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### Expanding `*ngIf`
|
### Expanding `*ngIf`
|
||||||
|
### 展开`*ngIf`
|
||||||
We can do what Angular does ourselves and expand the `*` prefix syntax to template syntax. Here's some code with `*ngIf`:
|
We can do what Angular does ourselves and expand the `*` prefix syntax to template syntax. Here's some code with `*ngIf`:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们可以像Angular一样,自己把`*`前缀语法展开成template语法,这里是`*ngIf`的一些代码:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-1
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-1
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-1')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-1')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-2a
|
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-2a
|
||||||
|
@ -1947,37 +2053,54 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
The `currentHero` is referenced twice, first as the true/false condition for `NgIf` and
|
The `currentHero` is referenced twice, first as the true/false condition for `NgIf` and
|
||||||
again as the actual hero passed into the `HeroDetailComponent`.
|
again as the actual hero passed into the `HeroDetailComponent`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`currentHero`被引用了两次,第一次是作为`NgIf`的真/假条件,第二次作为实际的hero值传给了`HeroDetailComponent`。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The first expansion step transports the `ngIf` (without the `*` prefix) and its contents
|
The first expansion step transports the `ngIf` (without the `*` prefix) and its contents
|
||||||
into an expression assigned to a `template` directive.
|
into an expression assigned to a `template` directive.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
展开的第一步是把`ngIf`(没有`*`前缀)和它的内容传给一个表达式,再赋值给`template`指令。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-2a
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-2a
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-2a')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-2a')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-2
|
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-2
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
The next (and final) step unfolds the HTML into a `<template>` tag and `[ngIf]` [property binding](#property-binding):
|
The next (and final) step unfolds the HTML into a `<template>` tag and `[ngIf]` [property binding](#property-binding):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
下一步,也就是最后一步,是把HTML包裹进`<template>`标签和一个`[ngIf]`[属性绑定](#property-binding)中:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-2
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-2
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-2')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-2')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-3
|
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-3
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Notice that the `[hero]="currentHero"` binding remains on the child `<hero-detail>`
|
Notice that the `[hero]="currentHero"` binding remains on the child `<hero-detail>`
|
||||||
element inside the template.
|
element inside the template.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
注意,`[hero]="currengHero"`绑定留在了模板中的子元素`<hero-detail>`上。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-3
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-3
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-4
|
// #docregion star-template-ngIf-4
|
||||||
.callout.is-critical
|
.callout.is-critical
|
||||||
header Remember the brackets!
|
header Remember the brackets!
|
||||||
|
header 别忘了括号!
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Don’t make the mistake of writing `ngIf="currentHero"`!
|
Don’t make the mistake of writing `ngIf="currentHero"`!
|
||||||
That syntax assigns the *string* value "currentHero" to `ngIf`.
|
That syntax assigns the *string* value "currentHero" to `ngIf`.
|
||||||
In JavaScript a non-empty string is a truthy value, so `ngIf` would always be
|
In JavaScript a non-empty string is a truthy value, so `ngIf` would always be
|
||||||
`true` and Angular would always display the `hero-detail`
|
`true` and Angular would always display the `hero-detail`
|
||||||
… even when there is no `currentHero`!
|
… even when there is no `currentHero`!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
不要误写为`ngIf="currentHero"`!
|
||||||
|
这种语法会把一个字符串"currentHero"赋值给`ngIf`。
|
||||||
|
在JavaScript中,非空的字符串是真值,所以`ngIf`总会是`true`,而Angular将永远显示`hero-detail` …… 即使根本没有`currentHero`!
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-4
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngIf-4
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngSwitch-1
|
// #docregion star-template-ngSwitch-1
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### Expanding `*ngSwitch`
|
### Expanding `*ngSwitch`
|
||||||
|
### 展开`*ngSwitch`
|
||||||
A similar transformation applies to `*ngSwitch`. We can de-sugar the syntax ourselves.
|
A similar transformation applies to `*ngSwitch`. We can de-sugar the syntax ourselves.
|
||||||
Here's an example, first with `*ngSwitchWhen` and `*ngSwitchDefault` and then again with `<template>` tags:
|
Here's an example, first with `*ngSwitchWhen` and `*ngSwitchDefault` and then again with `<template>` tags:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
类似的转换也作用于`*ngSwitch`上。我们可以自己解开这个语法糖。
|
||||||
|
这里是一个例子,首先是`*ngSwitchWhen`和`*ngSwitchDefault`,然后再解出`<template>`标签:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngSwitch-1
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngSwitch-1
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgSwitch-expanded')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'NgSwitch-expanded')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngSwitch-2
|
// #docregion star-template-ngSwitch-2
|
||||||
|
@ -1985,30 +2108,45 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
The `*ngSwitchWhen` and `*ngSwitchDefault` expand in exactly the same manner as `*ngIf`,
|
The `*ngSwitchWhen` and `*ngSwitchDefault` expand in exactly the same manner as `*ngIf`,
|
||||||
wrapping their former elements in `<template>` tags.
|
wrapping their former elements in `<template>` tags.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`*ngSwitchWhen`和`*ngSwitchDefault`用和`*ngIf`完全相同的方式展开,把它们以前的元素包裹在`<template>`标签中。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now we can see why the `ngSwitch` itself is not prefixed with an asterisk (*).
|
Now we can see why the `ngSwitch` itself is not prefixed with an asterisk (*).
|
||||||
It does not define content. It's job is to control a collection of templates.
|
It does not define content. It's job is to control a collection of templates.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
现在,我们应该明白为什么`ngSwitch`本身不能用星号(*)前缀的原因了吧?
|
||||||
|
它没有定义内容,它的工作是控制一组模板。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
In this case, it governs two sets of `NgSwitchWhen` and `NgSwitchDefault` directives.
|
In this case, it governs two sets of `NgSwitchWhen` and `NgSwitchDefault` directives.
|
||||||
We should expect it to display the values of the selected template twice,
|
We should expect it to display the values of the selected template twice,
|
||||||
once for the (*) prefixed version and once for the expanded template version.
|
once for the (*) prefixed version and once for the expanded template version.
|
||||||
That's exactly what we see in this example:
|
That's exactly what we see in this example:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这种情况下,它管理两组`NgSwitchWhen`和`NgSwitchDefault`指令。
|
||||||
|
我们期待它应该显示所选模板的值两次,一次是(*)前缀的版本,一次是展开模板后的版本。
|
||||||
|
这正是我们在这个例子中看到的:
|
||||||
figure.image-display
|
figure.image-display
|
||||||
img(src='/resources/images/devguide/template-syntax/ng-switch-anim.gif' alt="NgSwitch")
|
img(src='/resources/images/devguide/template-syntax/ng-switch-anim.gif' alt="NgSwitch")
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngSwitch-2
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngSwitch-2
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngFor-1
|
// #docregion star-template-ngFor-1
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### Expanding `*ngFor`
|
### Expanding `*ngFor`
|
||||||
|
### 展开`*ngFor`
|
||||||
The `*ngFor` undergoes a similar transformation. We begin with an `*ngFor` example:
|
The `*ngFor` undergoes a similar transformation. We begin with an `*ngFor` example:
|
||||||
|
`*ngFor`经历了同样的转换。我们从一个`*ngFor`的例子开始:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngFor-1
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngFor-1
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-3a')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-3a')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngFor-2
|
// #docregion star-template-ngFor-2
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Here's the same example after transporting the `ngFor` to the `template` directive:
|
Here's the same example after transporting the `ngFor` to the `template` directive:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这里是在把`ngFor`传进`template`指令后的同一个例子:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngFor-2
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngFor-2
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-3')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-3')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngFor-3
|
// #docregion star-template-ngFor-3
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
And here it is expanded further into a `<template>` tag wrapping the original `<hero-detail>` element:
|
And here it is expanded further into a `<template>` tag wrapping the original `<hero-detail>` element:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这里,它被进一步扩展成了包裹着原始`<hero-detail>`元素的`<template>`标签:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngFor-3
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngFor-3
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-4')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'Template-4')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion star-template-ngFor-4
|
// #docregion star-template-ngFor-4
|
||||||
|
@ -2016,6 +2154,10 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
The `NgFor` code is a bit more complex than `NgIf` because a repeater has more moving parts to configure.
|
The `NgFor` code is a bit more complex than `NgIf` because a repeater has more moving parts to configure.
|
||||||
In this case, we have to remember to create and assign the `NgForOf` directive that identifies the list and the `NgForTrackBy` directive.
|
In this case, we have to remember to create and assign the `NgForOf` directive that identifies the list and the `NgForTrackBy` directive.
|
||||||
Using the `*ngFor` syntax is much easier than writing out this expanded HTML ourselves.
|
Using the `*ngFor` syntax is much easier than writing out this expanded HTML ourselves.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`NgFor`的代码相对`NgIf`更复杂一点,因为一个重复器有更多可配置的活动部分。
|
||||||
|
这种情况下,我们不得不记着创建并对用于标记列表的`NgForOf`指令和`NgForTrackBy`指令赋值。
|
||||||
|
使用`*ngFor`语法比直接写这些展开后的HTML本身要简单多了。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion star-template-ngFor-4
|
// #enddocregion star-template-ngFor-4
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion ref-vars
|
// #docregion ref-vars
|
||||||
|
@ -2023,65 +2165,99 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
.l-main-section
|
.l-main-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
## Template reference variables
|
## Template reference variables
|
||||||
|
## 模板引用变量
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A **template reference variable** is a reference to an DOM element or directive within a template.
|
A **template reference variable** is a reference to an DOM element or directive within a template.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**模板引用变量** 是模板中对DOM元素或指令的引用。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It can be used with native DOM elements but also with Angular 2 components - in fact, it will work with any custom web component.
|
It can be used with native DOM elements but also with Angular 2 components - in fact, it will work with any custom web component.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
它能被用作原生DOM元素,但也能用于Angular 2组件 —— 实际上,它可以和任何自定义Web组件协同工作。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### Referencing a template reference variable
|
### Referencing a template reference variable
|
||||||
|
### 引用一个模板引用变量
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can reference a template reference variable on the same element, on a sibling element, or on
|
We can reference a template reference variable on the same element, on a sibling element, or on
|
||||||
any child elements.
|
any child elements.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们可以在同一元素、兄弟元素或任何子元素中引用模板引用变量。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here are two other examples of creating and consuming a Template reference variable:
|
Here are two other examples of creating and consuming a Template reference variable:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这里是关于创建和消费模板引用变量的另外两个例子:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion ref-vars
|
// #enddocregion ref-vars
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'ref-phone')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'ref-phone')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion ref-vars-value
|
// #docregion ref-vars-value
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
The hash (`#`) prefix to "phone" means that we're defining a `phone` variable.
|
The hash (`#`) prefix to "phone" means that we're defining a `phone` variable.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"phone"的(`#`)前缀意味着我们将要定义一个`phone`变量。
|
||||||
.l-sub-section
|
.l-sub-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Folks who don't like using the `#` character can use its canonical alternative,
|
Folks who don't like using the `#` character can use its canonical alternative,
|
||||||
the `ref-` prefix. For example, we can declare the our `phone` variable using
|
the `ref-` prefix. For example, we can declare the our `phone` variable using
|
||||||
either `#phone` or `ref-phone`.
|
either `#phone` or `ref-phone`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
有些人不喜欢使用`#`字符,而是使用它的古典形式:`ref-`前缀。例如,我们既能用`#phone`,也能用`ref-phone`来定义我们的`phone`变量。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### How a variable gets its value
|
### How a variable gets its value
|
||||||
|
### 如何获取变量的值
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Angular sets the variable's value to the element on which it was defined.
|
Angular sets the variable's value to the element on which it was defined.
|
||||||
We defined these variables on the `input` elements.
|
We defined these variables on the `input` elements.
|
||||||
We’re passing those `input` element objects across to the
|
We’re passing those `input` element objects across to the
|
||||||
button elements, where they're used in arguments to the `call` methods in the event bindings.
|
button elements, where they're used in arguments to the `call` methods in the event bindings.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Angular把这种变量的值设置为它所定义在的那个元素。
|
||||||
|
我们在这个`input`元素上定义了这些变量。
|
||||||
|
我们把那些`input`元素对象传给button元素,在这里,它们被当做参数传给了在事件绑定中的`call`方法。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion ref-vars-value
|
// #enddocregion ref-vars-value
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion ref-vars-form-1
|
// #docregion ref-vars-form-1
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### NgForm and template reference variables
|
### NgForm and template reference variables
|
||||||
|
### NgForm和模板引用变量
|
||||||
Let's look at one final example: a form, the poster child for template reference variables.
|
Let's look at one final example: a form, the poster child for template reference variables.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
让我们看看最后一个例子:一个表单,使用模板引用变量的典范。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The HTML for a form can be quite involved, as we saw in the [Forms](forms.html) chapter.
|
The HTML for a form can be quite involved, as we saw in the [Forms](forms.html) chapter.
|
||||||
The following is a *simplified* example — and it's not simple at all.
|
The following is a *simplified* example — and it's not simple at all.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
正如我们在[表单](forms.html)一章中所见过的,此表单的HTML可以做得相当复杂。
|
||||||
|
下面是一个 *简化过的* 范例 —— 虽然仍然不那么简单。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion ref-vars-form-1
|
// #enddocregion ref-vars-form-1
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'ref-form')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'ref-form')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion ref-vars-form-2
|
// #docregion ref-vars-form-2
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
A template reference variable, `theForm`, appears three times in this example, separated
|
A template reference variable, `theForm`, appears three times in this example, separated
|
||||||
by a large amount of HTML.
|
by a large amount of HTML.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
模板引用变量`theForm`在这个例子中出现了三次,中间隔着一大段儿HTML。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion ref-vars-form-2
|
// #enddocregion ref-vars-form-2
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'ref-form-a')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'ref-form-a')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion ref-vars-form-3
|
// #docregion ref-vars-form-3
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
What is the value of `theForm`?
|
What is the value of `theForm`?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`theForm`变量的值是什么?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It would be the [HTMLFormElement](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLFormElement)
|
It would be the [HTMLFormElement](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLFormElement)
|
||||||
if Angular hadn't taken it over.
|
if Angular hadn't taken it over.
|
||||||
It's actually `ngForm`, a reference to the Angular built-in `NgForm` directive that wraps the native `HTMLFormElement`
|
It's actually `ngForm`, a reference to the Angular built-in `NgForm` directive that wraps the native `HTMLFormElement`
|
||||||
and endows it with additional superpowers such as the ability to
|
and endows it with additional superpowers such as the ability to
|
||||||
track the validity of user input.
|
track the validity of user input.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果Angular没有捕获它,那它可能是个[HTMLFormElement](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLFormElement)。
|
||||||
|
但实际上它是个`ngForm`,一个对Angular内建指令`NgForm`的引用。它包装了原生的`HTMLFormElement`并赋予它额外的“超能力”,比如跟踪用户输入的有效性。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This explains how we can disable the submit button by checking `theForm.form.valid`
|
This explains how we can disable the submit button by checking `theForm.form.valid`
|
||||||
and pass an object with rich information to the parent component's `onSubmit` method.
|
and pass an object with rich information to the parent component's `onSubmit` method.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这解释了我们该如何通过检查`theForm.form.valid`来禁用提交按钮,以及如何把一个信息量有点大的对象传给父组件的`onSubmit`方法。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion ref-vars-form-3
|
// #enddocregion ref-vars-form-3
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion inputs-outputs-1
|
// #docregion inputs-outputs-1
|
||||||
|
@ -2089,43 +2265,70 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
.l-main-section
|
.l-main-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
## Input and output properties
|
## Input and output properties
|
||||||
|
## 输入与输出属性
|
||||||
So far, we’ve focused mainly on binding to component members within template expressions and statements
|
So far, we’ve focused mainly on binding to component members within template expressions and statements
|
||||||
that appear on the *right side of the binding declaration*.
|
that appear on the *right side of the binding declaration*.
|
||||||
A member in that position is a data binding **source**.
|
A member in that position is a data binding **source**.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
迄今为止,我们主要聚焦在绑定声明的右侧,学习如何在模板表达式和模板语句中绑定到组件成员上。
|
||||||
|
当一个成员出现在这个位置上,则称之为数据绑定的 **源** 。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This section concentrates on binding to **targets**, which are directive
|
This section concentrates on binding to **targets**, which are directive
|
||||||
properties on the *left side of the binding declaration*.
|
properties on the *left side of the binding declaration*.
|
||||||
These directive properties must be declared as **inputs** or **outputs**.
|
These directive properties must be declared as **inputs** or **outputs**.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这一节则专注于绑定到的 **目标** ,它位于 *绑定声明中的左侧* 。
|
||||||
|
这些指令的属性必须被声明成 **输入** 或 **输出** 。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.alert.is-important
|
.alert.is-important
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Remember: All **components** are **directives**.
|
Remember: All **components** are **directives**.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
记住:所有 **组件** 皆为 **指令** 。
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
.l-sub-section
|
.l-sub-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
We're drawing a sharp distinction between a data binding **target** and a data binding **source**.
|
We're drawing a sharp distinction between a data binding **target** and a data binding **source**.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们要重点突出下绑定 **目标** 和绑定 **源** 的区别。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The *target* of a binding is to the *left* of the `=`.
|
The *target* of a binding is to the *left* of the `=`.
|
||||||
The *source* is on the *right* of the `=`.
|
The *source* is on the *right* of the `=`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
绑定的 *目标* 是在`=` *左侧* 的部分, *源* 则是在`=` *右侧* 的部分。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The *target* of a binding is the property or event inside the binding punctuation: `[]`, `()` or `[()]`.
|
The *target* of a binding is the property or event inside the binding punctuation: `[]`, `()` or `[()]`.
|
||||||
The *source* is either inside quotes (`" "`) or within an interpolation (`{}`).
|
The *source* is either inside quotes (`" "`) or within an interpolation (`{}`).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
绑定的 *目标* 是绑定符:`[]`、`()`或`[()]`中的属性或事件名, *源* 则是引号(`" "`)中的部分或插值符号(`{}`)中的部分。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Every member of a **source** directive is automatically available for binding.
|
Every member of a **source** directive is automatically available for binding.
|
||||||
We don't have to do anything special to access a directive member in a template expression or statement.
|
We don't have to do anything special to access a directive member in a template expression or statement.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**源** 指令中的每个成员都会自动在绑定中可用。
|
||||||
|
我们不需要特别做什么,就能在模板表达式或语句中访问指令的成员。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We have *limited* access to members of a **target** directive.
|
We have *limited* access to members of a **target** directive.
|
||||||
We can only bind to properties that are explicitly identified as *inputs* and *outputs*.
|
We can only bind to properties that are explicitly identified as *inputs* and *outputs*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
访问 **目标** 指令中的成员则 *受到限制* 。
|
||||||
|
我们只能绑定到那些显式标记为 *输入* 或 *输出* 的属性。
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
In the following example, `iconUrl` and `onSave` are members of a component
|
In the following example, `iconUrl` and `onSave` are members of a component
|
||||||
that are referenced within quoted syntax to the right of the `=`.
|
that are referenced within quoted syntax to the right of the `=`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在下列范例中,`iconUrl`和`onSave`是组件的成员,他们在`=`右侧引号中的语法中被引用了。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-1
|
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-1
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'io-1')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'io-1')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion inputs-outputs-2
|
// #docregion inputs-outputs-2
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
They are *neither inputs nor outputs* of the component. They are data sources for their bindings.
|
They are *neither inputs nor outputs* of the component. They are data sources for their bindings.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
它们既不是组件的 *输入* 也不是 *输出* 。它们是绑定的数据源。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now look at `HeroDetailComponent` when it is the **target of a binding**.
|
Now look at `HeroDetailComponent` when it is the **target of a binding**.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
现在,看看`HeroDetailComponent`,它是 **绑定的目标** 。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-2
|
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-2
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'io-2')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'io-2')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion inputs-outputs-3
|
// #docregion inputs-outputs-3
|
||||||
|
@ -2134,11 +2337,20 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
`HeroDetailComponent.hero` is inside brackets; it is the target of a property binding.
|
`HeroDetailComponent.hero` is inside brackets; it is the target of a property binding.
|
||||||
`HeroDetailComponent.deleteRequest` is inside parentheses; it is the target of an event binding.
|
`HeroDetailComponent.deleteRequest` is inside parentheses; it is the target of an event binding.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`HeroDetailComponent.hero`和`HeroDetailComponent.deleteRequest`都在绑定声明的 **左侧** 。
|
||||||
|
`HeroDetailComponent.hero`在方括号中,它是一个属性绑定的目标。
|
||||||
|
`HeroDetailComponent.deleteRequest`在圆括号中,它是一个事件绑定的目标。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Declaring input and output properties
|
### Declaring input and output properties
|
||||||
|
### 声明输入和输出属性
|
||||||
Target properties must be explicitly marked as inputs or outputs.
|
Target properties must be explicitly marked as inputs or outputs.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
目标属性必须被显式的标记成输入或输出。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
When we peek inside `HeroDetailComponent`, we see that these properties are marked
|
When we peek inside `HeroDetailComponent`, we see that these properties are marked
|
||||||
with decorators as input and output properties.
|
with decorators as input and output properties.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
当我们深入`HeroDetailComponent`内部,我们看到这些属性被装饰器标记成了输入和输出属性。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-3
|
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-3
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'input-output-1')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'input-output-1')(format=".")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -2147,39 +2359,58 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Alternatively, we can identify members in the `inputs` and `outputs` arrays
|
Alternatively, we can identify members in the `inputs` and `outputs` arrays
|
||||||
of the directive metadata, as in this example:
|
of the directive metadata, as in this example:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
另外,我们还可以在指令元数据的`inputs`或`outputs`数组中标记出这些成员。比如这个例子:
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'input-output-2')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/hero-detail.component.ts', 'input-output-2')(format=".")
|
||||||
<br>
|
<br>
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
We can specify an input/output property either with a decorator or in a metadata array.
|
We can specify an input/output property either with a decorator or in a metadata array.
|
||||||
Don't do both!
|
Don't do both!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们既可以通过装饰器,又可以通过元数据数组来指定输入/输出属性。但别同时用!
|
||||||
// #docregion inputs-outputs-4
|
// #docregion inputs-outputs-4
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### Input or output?
|
### Input or output?
|
||||||
|
### 输入或输出?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Input* properties usually receive data values.
|
*Input* properties usually receive data values.
|
||||||
*Output* properties expose event producers, such as `EventEmitter` objects.
|
*Output* properties expose event producers, such as `EventEmitter` objects.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*输入* 属性通常接收数据值。
|
||||||
|
*输出* 属性暴露事件生产者,比如`EventEmitter`对象。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The terms _input_ and _output_ reflect the perspective of the target directive.
|
The terms _input_ and _output_ reflect the perspective of the target directive.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
_输入_ 和 _输出_ 这两个词是从目标指令的视角来说的。
|
||||||
figure.image-display
|
figure.image-display
|
||||||
img(src='/resources/images/devguide/template-syntax/input-output.png' alt="Inputs and outputs")
|
img(src='/resources/images/devguide/template-syntax/input-output.png' alt="输入和输出")
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
`HeroDetailComponent.hero` is an **input** property from the perspective of `HeroDetailComponent`
|
`HeroDetailComponent.hero` is an **input** property from the perspective of `HeroDetailComponent`
|
||||||
because data flows *into* that property from a template binding expression.
|
because data flows *into* that property from a template binding expression.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`HeroDetailComponent.hero`是一个相对于`HeroDetailComponent`视角的 **输入** 属性,因为数据流从模板绑定表达式流向那个属性。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
`HeroDetailComponent.deleteRequest` is an **output** property from the perspective of `HeroDetailComponent`
|
`HeroDetailComponent.deleteRequest` is an **output** property from the perspective of `HeroDetailComponent`
|
||||||
because events stream *out* of that property and toward the handler in a template binding statement.
|
because events stream *out* of that property and toward the handler in a template binding statement.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`HeroDetailComponent.deleteRequest`是一个相对于`HeroDetailComponent`视角的 **输出** 属性,因为事件流来自这个属性,并且被模板绑定语句所处理。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-4
|
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-4
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion inputs-outputs-5
|
// #docregion inputs-outputs-5
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
### Aliasing input/output properties
|
### Aliasing input/output properties
|
||||||
|
### 输入/输出属性的别名
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Sometimes we want the public name of an input/output property to be different from the internal name.
|
Sometimes we want the public name of an input/output property to be different from the internal name.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
有时我们需要让输入/输出属性的公开名字不同于内部名字。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This is frequently the case with [attribute directives](attribute-directives.html).
|
This is frequently the case with [attribute directives](attribute-directives.html).
|
||||||
Directive consumers expect to bind to the name of the directive.
|
Directive consumers expect to bind to the name of the directive.
|
||||||
For example, when we apply a directive with a `myClick` selector to a `<div>` tag,
|
For example, when we apply a directive with a `myClick` selector to a `<div>` tag,
|
||||||
we expect to bind to an event property that is also called `myClick`.
|
we expect to bind to an event property that is also called `myClick`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这是使用[Attribute指令](attribute-directives.html)时的常见情况。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-5
|
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-5
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'my-click')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'my-click')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion inputs-outputs-6
|
// #docregion inputs-outputs-6
|
||||||
|
@ -2188,12 +2419,21 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
The directive name rarely describes what the property does.
|
The directive name rarely describes what the property does.
|
||||||
The `myClick` directive name is not a good name for a property that emits click messages.
|
The `myClick` directive name is not a good name for a property that emits click messages.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
无论如何,在指令类中,直接用指令名作为属性名通常都不是好的选择。
|
||||||
|
指令名很少能描述这个属性是干嘛的。
|
||||||
|
`myClick`这个指令名对于用来发出click消息的属性就算不上一个好名字。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Fortunately, we can have a public name for the property that meets conventional expectations,
|
Fortunately, we can have a public name for the property that meets conventional expectations,
|
||||||
while using a different name internally.
|
while using a different name internally.
|
||||||
In the example immediately above, we are actually binding *through the* `myClick` *alias* to
|
In the example immediately above, we are actually binding *through the* `myClick` *alias* to
|
||||||
the directive's own `clicks` property.
|
the directive's own `clicks` property.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
幸运的是,我们有一个约定俗成的公开名字,同时在内部使用一个不同的名字。
|
||||||
|
在紧上面这个例子中,我们实际上是把`myClick`这个别名指向了指令自己的`clicks`属性。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can specify the alias for the property name by passing it into the input/output decorator like this:
|
We can specify the alias for the property name by passing it into the input/output decorator like this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
通过把别名传进@Input/@Output装饰器,我们可以为属性指定别名,就像这样:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-6
|
// #enddocregion inputs-outputs-6
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/my-click.directive.ts', 'my-click-output-1')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/my-click.directive.ts', 'my-click-output-1')(format=".")
|
||||||
|
@ -2203,6 +2443,9 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
We can also alias property names in the `inputs` and `outputs` arrays.
|
We can also alias property names in the `inputs` and `outputs` arrays.
|
||||||
We write a colon-delimited (`:`) string with
|
We write a colon-delimited (`:`) string with
|
||||||
the directive property name on the *left* and the public alias on the *right*:
|
the directive property name on the *left* and the public alias on the *right*:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们也能在`inputs`和`outputs`数组中为属性指定别名。
|
||||||
|
我们可以写一个冒号(`:`)分隔的字符串, *左侧* 是指令中的属性名, *右侧* 则是公开的别名。
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/my-click.directive.ts', 'my-click-output-2')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/my-click.directive.ts', 'my-click-output-2')(format=".")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators
|
// #docregion expression-operators
|
||||||
|
@ -2210,36 +2453,55 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
.l-main-section
|
.l-main-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
## Template expression operators
|
## Template expression operators
|
||||||
|
## 模板表达式操作符
|
||||||
The template expression language employs a subset of JavaScript syntax supplemented with a few special operators
|
The template expression language employs a subset of JavaScript syntax supplemented with a few special operators
|
||||||
for specific scenarios. We'll cover two of these operators: _pipe_ and _safe navigation operator_.
|
for specific scenarios. We'll cover two of these operators: _pipe_ and _safe navigation operator_.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
模板表达式语言使用了JavaScript语法的一个子集,并补充了几个用于特定场景的特殊操作符。
|
||||||
|
这里我们讲其中的两个: _管道_ 和 _安全导航操作符_ 。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-pipe-1
|
// #docregion expression-operators-pipe-1
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
<a id="pipe"></a>
|
<a id="pipe"></a>
|
||||||
### The pipe operator ( | )
|
### The pipe operator ( | )
|
||||||
|
### 管道操作符( | )
|
||||||
The result of an expression might require some transformation before we’re ready to use it in a binding. For example, we might want to display a number as a currency, force text to uppercase, or filter a list and sort it.
|
The result of an expression might require some transformation before we’re ready to use it in a binding. For example, we might want to display a number as a currency, force text to uppercase, or filter a list and sort it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在用到绑定中之前,表达式的结果可能需要一些转换。比如,我们可能希望把一个数字显示成金额、强制文本变成大写,或者过滤一个列表以及排序它。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Angular [pipes](./pipes.html) are a good choice for small transformations such as these.
|
Angular [pipes](./pipes.html) are a good choice for small transformations such as these.
|
||||||
Pipes are simple functions that accept an input value and return a transformed value.
|
Pipes are simple functions that accept an input value and return a transformed value.
|
||||||
They're easy to apply within template expressions, using the **pipe operator (`|`)**:
|
They're easy to apply within template expressions, using the **pipe operator (`|`)**:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Angular [管道](./pipes.html)对像这样的小型转换是明智的选择。
|
||||||
|
管道是一个简单的函数,它接受一个输入值,并返回转换结果。
|
||||||
|
它们很容易用于模板表达式中,只要使用 **管道操作符(`|`)** 就行了。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-pipe-1
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-pipe-1
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'pipes-1')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'pipes-1')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-pipe-2
|
// #docregion expression-operators-pipe-2
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
The pipe operator passes the result of an expression on the left to a pipe function on the right.
|
The pipe operator passes the result of an expression on the left to a pipe function on the right.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
管道操作符会把它左侧的表达式结果传给它右侧的管道函数。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We can chain expressions through multiple pipes:
|
We can chain expressions through multiple pipes:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们还可以通过多个管道串联出表达式:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-pipe-2
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-pipe-2
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'pipes-2')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'pipes-2')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-pipe-3
|
// #docregion expression-operators-pipe-3
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
And we can configure them too:
|
And we can configure them too:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们还能配置它们:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-pipe-3
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-pipe-3
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'pipes-3')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'pipes-3')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-pipe-4
|
// #docregion expression-operators-pipe-4
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
The `json` pipe is particularly helpful for debugging our bindings:
|
The `json` pipe is particularly helpful for debugging our bindings:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`json`管道是特别设计来帮助我们调试绑定的:
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-pipe-4
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-pipe-4
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'pipes-json')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'pipes-json')(format=".")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -2247,16 +2509,24 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
<a id="safe-navigation-operator"></a>
|
<a id="safe-navigation-operator"></a>
|
||||||
### The safe navigation operator ( ?. ) and null property paths
|
### The safe navigation operator ( ?. ) and null property paths
|
||||||
|
### 安全导航操作符( ?. )和空属性路径
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Angular **safe navigation operator (`?.`)** is a fluent and convenient way to guard against null and undefined values in property paths.
|
The Angular **safe navigation operator (`?.`)** is a fluent and convenient way to guard against null and undefined values in property paths.
|
||||||
Here it is, protecting against a view render failure if the `currentHero` is null.
|
Here it is, protecting against a view render failure if the `currentHero` is null.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Angular的 **安全导航操作符(`?.`)** 是一个流畅而便利的方式,用来保护出现在属性路径中null和undefined值。
|
||||||
|
意思是,当`currentHero`为空时,保护视图渲染器,让它免于失败。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-1
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-1
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-2')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-2')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-2
|
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-2
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Let’s elaborate on the problem and this particular solution.
|
Let’s elaborate on the problem and this particular solution.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们来详细阐述一下这个问题以及这个解决方案:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
What happens when the following data bound `title` property is null?
|
What happens when the following data bound `title` property is null?
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果下列数据绑定中`title`属性为空,会发生什么?
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-2
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-2
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-1')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-1')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-3
|
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-3
|
||||||
|
@ -2264,64 +2534,104 @@ figure.image-display
|
||||||
The view still renders but the displayed value is blank; we see only "The title is" with nothing after it.
|
The view still renders but the displayed value is blank; we see only "The title is" with nothing after it.
|
||||||
That is reasonable behavior. At least the app doesn't crash.
|
That is reasonable behavior. At least the app doesn't crash.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这个视图仍然被渲染出来,但是显示的值是空;我们只能看到“The title is”,它后面却没有任何东西。
|
||||||
|
这是合理的行为。至少应用没有崩溃。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Suppose the template expression involves a property path, as in this next example
|
Suppose the template expression involves a property path, as in this next example
|
||||||
where we’re displaying the `firstName` of a null hero.
|
where we’re displaying the `firstName` of a null hero.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
假设模板表达式需要一个属性路径,在下一个例子中,我们要显示一个空(null)英雄的`firstName`。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
code-example(format="" language="html").
|
code-example(format="" language="html").
|
||||||
The null hero's name is {{nullHero.firstName}}
|
The null hero's name is {{nullHero.firstName}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这个空英雄的名字是{{nullHero.firstName}}
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-3
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-3
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-4
|
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-4
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
JavaScript throws a null reference error, and so does Angular:
|
JavaScript throws a null reference error, and so does Angular:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
JavaScript抛出了一个空引用错误,Angular也是如此。
|
||||||
code-example(format="" language="html").
|
code-example(format="" language="html").
|
||||||
TypeError: Cannot read property 'firstName' of null in [null]
|
TypeError: Cannot read property 'firstName' of null in [null]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
TypeError: Cannot read property 'firstName' of null in [null]
|
||||||
|
(类型错:无法读取null的'firstName'属性)
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-4
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-4
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-5
|
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-5
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Worse, the *entire view disappears*.
|
Worse, the *entire view disappears*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
晕, *整个视图不见了* 。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We could claim that this is reasonable behavior if we believed that the `hero` property must never be null.
|
We could claim that this is reasonable behavior if we believed that the `hero` property must never be null.
|
||||||
If it must never be null and yet it is null,
|
If it must never be null and yet it is null,
|
||||||
we've made a programming error that should be caught and fixed.
|
we've made a programming error that should be caught and fixed.
|
||||||
Throwing an exception is the right thing to do.
|
Throwing an exception is the right thing to do.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
如果确信`hero`属性永远不可能为空,我们就可以声称这是一个合理的行为。
|
||||||
|
如果它必须不能为空,但它仍然是空值,我们就可以制造一个编程错误,以便它被捕获和修复。
|
||||||
|
这种情况下,抛出一个异常正是我们应该做的。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
On the other hand, null values in the property path may be OK from time to time,
|
On the other hand, null values in the property path may be OK from time to time,
|
||||||
especially when we know the data will arrive eventually.
|
especially when we know the data will arrive eventually.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
另一方面,属性路径中的空值可能只是暂时的,特别是当我们知道这些数据最终总会到达的时候。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
While we wait for data, the view should render without complaint, and
|
While we wait for data, the view should render without complaint, and
|
||||||
the null property path should display as blank just as the `title` property does.
|
the null property path should display as blank just as the `title` property does.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
当我们等待数据的时候,视图渲染器不应该抱怨,而应该把这个空属性路径显示为空白,就像`title`属性所做的那样。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Unfortunately, our app crashes when the `currentHero` is null.
|
Unfortunately, our app crashes when the `currentHero` is null.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
不幸的是,当`currentHero`为空的时候,我们的应用崩溃了。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
We could code around that problem with [NgIf](#ngIf).
|
We could code around that problem with [NgIf](#ngIf).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们可以通过写[NgIf](#ngIf)代码来解决这个问题。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-5
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-5
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-4')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-4')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-6
|
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-6
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
Or we could try to chain parts of the property path with `&&`, knowing that the expression bails out
|
Or we could try to chain parts of the property path with `&&`, knowing that the expression bails out
|
||||||
when it encounters the first null.
|
when it encounters the first null.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
或者我们可以尝试通过`&&`来把属性路径的各部分串起来,让它在遇到第一个空值的时候,就返回空。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-6
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-6
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-5')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-5')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-7
|
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-7
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
These approaches have merit but can be cumbersome, especially if the property path is long.
|
These approaches have merit but can be cumbersome, especially if the property path is long.
|
||||||
Imagine guarding against a null somewhere in a long property path such as `a.b.c.d`.
|
Imagine guarding against a null somewhere in a long property path such as `a.b.c.d`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这些方法都有价值,但是会显得笨重,特别是当这个属性路径非常长的时候。
|
||||||
|
想象一下在一个很长的属性路径(如`a.b.c.d`)中对空值提供保护。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-7
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-7
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-8
|
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-8
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
The Angular safe navigation operator (`?.`) is a more fluent and convenient way to guard against nulls in property paths.
|
The Angular safe navigation operator (`?.`) is a more fluent and convenient way to guard against nulls in property paths.
|
||||||
The expression bails out when it hits the first null value.
|
The expression bails out when it hits the first null value.
|
||||||
The display is blank, but the app keeps rolling without errors.
|
The display is blank, but the app keeps rolling without errors.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Angular安全导航操作符(`?.`)是在属性路径中保护空值的一个更加流畅、便利的方式。
|
||||||
|
表达式会在它遇到第一个空值的时候跳出。
|
||||||
|
显示是空的,但是应用正常工作,而没有发生错误。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-8
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-8
|
||||||
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-6')(format=".")
|
+makeExample('template-syntax/ts/app/app.component.html', 'safe-6')(format=".")
|
||||||
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-9
|
// #docregion expression-operators-safe-9
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
It works perfectly with long property paths such as `a?.b?.c?.d`.
|
It works perfectly with long property paths such as `a?.b?.c?.d`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
在像`a?.b?.c?.d`这样的长属性路径中,它工作得很完美。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-9
|
// #enddocregion expression-operators-safe-9
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// #docregion summary
|
// #docregion summary
|
||||||
.l-main-section
|
.l-main-section
|
||||||
:marked
|
:marked
|
||||||
## Summary
|
## Summary
|
||||||
|
## 小结
|
||||||
We’ve completed our survey of template syntax. Now it's time to put that knowledge to work as we write our own components and directives.
|
We’ve completed our survey of template syntax. Now it's time to put that knowledge to work as we write our own components and directives.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
我们完成了模板语法的概述。现在,我们该把如何写组件和指令的知识投入到实际工作当中了。
|
||||||
// #enddocregion summary
|
// #enddocregion summary
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue