diff --git a/modules/angular2/docs/di/di.md b/modules/angular2/docs/di/di.md
index f78d51ab99..a049bf8350 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/docs/di/di.md
+++ b/modules/angular2/docs/di/di.md
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class Car {
 	}
 }
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(Car).toClass(Car),
 	bind(Engine).toClass(Engine)
 ]);
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ To avoid bugs make sure the registered objects have side-effect-free constructor
 Injectors are hierarchical.
 
 ```
-var child = injector.createChild([
+var child = injector.resolveAndCreateChild([
 	bind(Engine).toClass(TurboEngine)
 ]);
 
@@ -99,21 +99,21 @@ var car = child.get(Car); // uses the Car binding from the parent injector and E
 You can bind to a class, a value, or a factory. It is also possible to alias existing bindings.
 
 ```
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(Car).toClass(Car),
 	bind(Engine).toClass(Engine)
 ]);
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	Car,  // syntax sugar for bind(Car).toClass(Car)
 	Engine
 ]);
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(Car).toValue(new Car(new Engine()))
 ]);
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(Car).toFactory((e) => new Car(e), [Engine]),
 	bind(Engine).toFactory(() => new Engine())
 ]);
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ var inj = new Injector([
 You can bind any token.
 
 ```
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(Car).toFactory((e) => new Car(), ["engine!"]),
 	bind("engine!").toClass(Engine)
 ]);
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ var inj = new Injector([
 If you want to alias an existing binding, you can do so using `toAlias`:
 
 ```
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(Engine).toClass(Engine),
 	bind("engine!").toAlias(Engine)
 ]);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ The `someFactory` function does not have to know that it creates an object for `
 Injector can create binding on the fly if we enable default bindings.
 
 ```
-var inj = new Injector([], {defaultBindings: true});
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([], {defaultBindings: true});
 var car = inj.get(Car); //this works as if `bind(Car).toClass(Car)` and `bind(Engine).toClass(Engine)` were present.
 ```
 
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class UserController {
 	}
 }
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(() => fetchUsersUsingHttp().then((u) => new UserList(u))),
 	UserController
 ])
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class UserController {
 	}
 }
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(() => fetchUsersUsingHttp().then((u) => new UserList(u))),
 	UserController
 ])
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class UserController {
 	constructor(ul:UserList){}
 }
 
-var inj = new Injector([UserList, UserController]);
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([UserList, UserController]);
 var ctrl:UserController = inj.get(UserController);
 ```
 
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ class UserController {
 	constructor(@InjectPromise(UserList) ul){}
 }
 
-var inj = new Injector([UserList, UserController]);
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([UserList, UserController]);
 var ctrl:UserController = inj.get(UserController);
 // UserController responsible for dealing with asynchrony.
 expect(ctrl.ul).toBePromise();
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ class UserController {
 	constructor(ul:UserList){}
 }
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(() => fetchUsersUsingHttp().then((u) => new UserList(u))),
 	UserController
 ]);
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class UserController {
 	constructor(@InjectPromise(UserList) ul){}
 }
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
 	bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(() => fetchUsersUsingHttp().then((u) => new UserList(u))),
 	UserController
 ]);
@@ -369,14 +369,14 @@ If we need a transient dependency, something that we want a new instance of ever
 We can create a child injector:
 
 ```
-var child = inj.createChild([MyClass]);
+var child = inj.resolveAndCreateChild([MyClass]);
 child.get(MyClass);
 ```
 
 Or we can register a factory function:
 
 ```
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
   bind('MyClassFactory').toFactory(dep => () => new MyClass(dep), [SomeDependency])
 ]);
 
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ expect(instance1).not.toBe(instance2);
 Most of the time we do not have to deal with keys.
 
 ```
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
   bind(Engine).toFactory(() => new TurboEngine())  //the passed in token Engine gets mapped to a key
 ]);
 var engine = inj.get(Engine); //the passed in token Engine gets mapped to a key
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ Now, the same example, but with keys
 ```
 var ENGINE_KEY = Key.get(Engine);
 
-var inj = new Injector([
+var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
   bind(ENGINE_KEY).toFactory(() => new TurboEngine()) // no mapping
 ]);
 var engine = inj.get(ENGINE_KEY);  // no mapping
diff --git a/modules/angular2/src/core/application.js b/modules/angular2/src/core/application.js
index 0663e02b72..2856aab2e1 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/src/core/application.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/src/core/application.js
@@ -276,10 +276,10 @@ export function bootstrap(appComponentType: Type,
 }
 
 function _createAppInjector(appComponentType: Type, bindings: List<Binding>, zone: VmTurnZone): Injector {
-  if (isBlank(_rootInjector)) _rootInjector = new Injector(_rootBindings);
+  if (isBlank(_rootInjector)) _rootInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate(_rootBindings);
   var mergedBindings = isPresent(bindings) ?
       ListWrapper.concat(_injectorBindings(appComponentType), bindings) :
       _injectorBindings(appComponentType);
   ListWrapper.push(mergedBindings, bind(VmTurnZone).toValue(zone));
-  return _rootInjector.createChild(mergedBindings);
+  return _rootInjector.resolveAndCreateChild(mergedBindings);
 }
diff --git a/modules/angular2/src/core/compiler/dynamic_component_loader.js b/modules/angular2/src/core/compiler/dynamic_component_loader.js
index 1d903e47ae..875da4b00e 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/src/core/compiler/dynamic_component_loader.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/src/core/compiler/dynamic_component_loader.js
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ export class DynamicComponentLoader {
 
   _componentAppInjector(location, injector, services) {
     var inj = isPresent(injector) ? injector : location.injector;
-    return isPresent(services) ? inj.createChild(services) : inj;
+    return isPresent(services) ? inj.resolveAndCreateChild(services) : inj;
   }
 
   _instantiateAndHydrateView(protoView, injector, hostElementInjector, context) {
diff --git a/modules/angular2/src/core/compiler/view.js b/modules/angular2/src/core/compiler/view.js
index c07b3224f1..ebd7ef7ee8 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/src/core/compiler/view.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/src/core/compiler/view.js
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ export class AppView {
       if (isPresent(componentDirective)) {
         var injectables = componentDirective.annotation.injectables;
         if (isPresent(injectables))
-          shadowDomAppInjector = appInjector.createChild(injectables);
+          shadowDomAppInjector = appInjector.resolveAndCreateChild(injectables);
         else {
           shadowDomAppInjector = appInjector;
         }
diff --git a/modules/angular2/src/di/binding.js b/modules/angular2/src/di/binding.js
index 2efbb49257..2f4f37ef3a 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/src/di/binding.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/src/di/binding.js
@@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ export class Binding {
     for (var i = 0; i < bindings.length; i++) {
       var unresolved = bindings[i];
       var resolved;
-      if (unresolved instanceof Type) {
+      if (unresolved instanceof ResolvedBinding) {
+        resolved = unresolved;  // ha-ha! I'm easily amused
+      } else if (unresolved instanceof Type) {
         resolved = bind(unresolved).toClass(unresolved).resolve();
       } else if (unresolved instanceof Binding) {
         resolved = unresolved.resolve(); 
diff --git a/modules/angular2/src/di/injector.js b/modules/angular2/src/di/injector.js
index 5910769d39..7181719701 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/src/di/injector.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/src/di/injector.js
@@ -27,13 +27,39 @@ export class Injector {
   _defaultBindings:boolean;
   _asyncStrategy: _AsyncInjectorStrategy;
   _syncStrategy:_SyncInjectorStrategy;
-  constructor(bindings:List, {parent=null, defaultBindings=false}={}) {
+
+  /**
+   * Creates/looks up factory functions and dependencies from binding
+   * declarations and flattens bindings into a single [List].
+   */
+  static resolve(bindings:List/*<ResolvedBinding|Binding|Type|List>*/):List<ResolvedBinding> {
     var flatten = _flattenBindings(Binding.resolveAll(bindings), MapWrapper.create());
-    this._bindings = this._createListOfBindings(flatten);
+    return _createListOfBindings(flatten);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolves bindings and creates an injector based on those bindings. This function is slower than the
+   * corresponding [fromResolvedBindings] because it needs to resolve bindings. Prefer [fromResolvedBindings]
+   * in performance-critical code that creates lots of injectors.
+   */
+  static resolveAndCreate(bindings:List/*<ResolvedBinding|Binding|Type|List>*/, {defaultBindings=false}={}) {
+    return new Injector(Injector.resolve(bindings), null, defaultBindings);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an injector from previously resolved bindings. This bypasses a lot
+   * of computation and is the recommended way to construct injectors in
+   * performance-sensitive parts.
+   */
+  static fromResolvedBindings(bindings:List<ResolvedBinding>, {defaultBindings=false}={}) {
+    return new Injector(bindings, null, defaultBindings);
+  }
+
+  constructor(bindings:List<ResolvedBinding>, parent:Injector, defaultBindings:boolean) {
+    this._bindings = bindings;
     this._instances = this._createInstances();
     this._parent = parent;
     this._defaultBindings = defaultBindings;
-
     this._asyncStrategy = new _AsyncInjectorStrategy(this);
     this._syncStrategy = new _SyncInjectorStrategy(this);
   }
@@ -50,15 +76,12 @@ export class Injector {
     return this._getByKey(Key.get(token), true, false, false);
   }
 
-  createChild(bindings:List):Injector {
-    return new Injector(bindings, {parent: this});
+  resolveAndCreateChild(bindings:List/*<ResolvedBinding|Binding|Type|List>*/):Injector {
+    return new Injector(Injector.resolve(bindings), this, false);
   }
 
-
-  _createListOfBindings(flattenBindings):List {
-    var bindings = ListWrapper.createFixedSize(Key.numberOfKeys + 1);
-    MapWrapper.forEach(flattenBindings, (v, keyId) => bindings[keyId] = v);
-    return bindings;
+  createChildFromResolved(bindings:List<ResolvedBinding>):Injector {
+    return new Injector(bindings, this, false);
   }
 
   _createInstances():List {
@@ -244,6 +267,14 @@ class _AsyncInjectorStrategy {
   }
 }
 
+function _createListOfBindings(flattenBindings):List {
+  var bindings = ListWrapper.createFixedSize(Key.numberOfKeys + 1);
+  MapWrapper.forEach(flattenBindings, (v, keyId) => bindings[keyId] = v);
+  return bindings;
+}
+
+
+
 function _flattenBindings(bindings:List, res:Map) {
   ListWrapper.forEach(bindings, function (b) {
     if (b instanceof ResolvedBinding) {
diff --git a/modules/angular2/src/test_lib/test_injector.js b/modules/angular2/src/test_lib/test_injector.js
index 01dd910700..ce1ef162d3 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/src/test_lib/test_injector.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/src/test_lib/test_injector.js
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ function _getAppBindings() {
 }
 
 export function createTestInjector(bindings: List) {
-  var rootInjector = new Injector(_getRootBindings());
-  return rootInjector.createChild(ListWrapper.concat(_getAppBindings(), bindings));
+  var rootInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate(_getRootBindings());
+  return rootInjector.resolveAndCreateChild(ListWrapper.concat(_getAppBindings(), bindings));
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/modules/angular2/test/core/compiler/element_injector_spec.js b/modules/angular2/test/core/compiler/element_injector_spec.js
index 968db80bb3..8c6fee2ef8 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/test/core/compiler/element_injector_spec.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/test/core/compiler/element_injector_spec.js
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class TestNode extends TreeNode {
 
 export function main() {
   var defaultPreBuiltObjects = new PreBuiltObjects(null, null, null, null);
-  var appInjector = new Injector([]);
+  var appInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([]);
 
   function humanize(tree, names:List) {
     var lookupName = (item) =>
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ export function main() {
   function parentChildInjectors(parentBindings, childBindings, parentPreBuildObjects = null) {
     if (isBlank(parentPreBuildObjects)) parentPreBuildObjects = defaultPreBuiltObjects;
 
-    var inj = new Injector([]);
+    var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([]);
 
     var protoParent = new ProtoElementInjector(null, 0, parentBindings);
     var parent = protoParent.instantiate(null);
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ export function main() {
   function hostShadowInjectors(hostBindings, shadowBindings, hostPreBuildObjects = null) {
     if (isBlank(hostPreBuildObjects)) hostPreBuildObjects = defaultPreBuiltObjects;
 
-    var inj = new Injector([]);
-    var shadowInj = inj.createChild([]);
+    var inj = Injector.resolveAndCreate([]);
+    var shadowInj = inj.resolveAndCreateChild([]);
 
     var protoParent = new ProtoElementInjector(null, 0, hostBindings, true);
     var host = protoParent.instantiate(null);
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should instantiate directives that depend on app services", function () {
-        var appInjector = new Injector([
+        var appInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind("service").toValue("service")
         ]);
         var inj = injector([NeedsService], appInjector);
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should instantiate component directives that depend on app services in the shadow app injector", () => {
-        var shadowAppInjector = new Injector([
+        var shadowAppInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind("service").toValue("service")
         ]);
         var inj = injector([NeedsService], null, shadowAppInjector);
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should not instantiate other directives that depend on app services in the shadow app injector", () => {
-        var shadowAppInjector = new Injector([
+        var shadowAppInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind("service").toValue("service")
         ]);
         expect(() => {
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should return app services", function () {
-        var appInjector = new Injector([
+        var appInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind("service").toValue("service")
         ]);
         var inj = injector([], appInjector);
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ export function main() {
 
       it("should inject services of the dynamically-loaded component", () => {
         var inj = injector([]);
-        var appInjector = new Injector([bind("service").toValue("Service")]);
+        var appInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([bind("service").toValue("Service")]);
         inj.dynamicallyCreateComponent(NeedsService, null, appInjector);
         expect(inj.getDynamicallyLoadedComponent().service).toEqual("Service");
       });
@@ -844,8 +844,8 @@ export function main() {
 
         var parent = protoParent.instantiate(null);
         var child = protoChild.instantiate(parent);
-        parent.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
-        child.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        parent.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        child.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
 
         expectDirectives(parent.get(NeedsQuery).query, CountingDirective, [0,1]);
       });
@@ -856,8 +856,8 @@ export function main() {
 
         var parent = protoParent.instantiate(null);
         var child = protoChild.instantiate(parent);
-        parent.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
-        child.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        parent.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        child.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
 
         child.unlink();
 
@@ -873,9 +873,9 @@ export function main() {
         var child1 = protoChild1.instantiate(parent);
         var child2 = protoChild2.instantiate(parent);
 
-        parent.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
-        child1.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
-        child2.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        parent.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        child1.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        child2.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
 
         child1.unlink();
         child1.link(parent);
@@ -893,9 +893,9 @@ export function main() {
         var child1 = protoChild1.instantiate(parent);
         var child2 = protoChild2.instantiate(parent);
 
-        parent.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
-        child1.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
-        child2.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        parent.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        child1.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        child2.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
 
         child2.unlink();
         child2.linkAfter(parent, null);
@@ -913,9 +913,9 @@ export function main() {
         var parent = protoParent.instantiate(grandParent);
         var child = protoChild.instantiate(parent);
 
-        grandParent.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
-        parent.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
-        child.instantiateDirectives(new Injector([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        grandParent.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        parent.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
+        child.instantiateDirectives(Injector.resolveAndCreate([]), null, null, preBuildObjects);
 
         var queryList1 = grandParent.get(NeedsQuery).query;
         var queryList2 = parent.get(NeedsQuery).query;
diff --git a/modules/angular2/test/di/async_spec.js b/modules/angular2/test/di/async_spec.js
index c715bf3bf4..841fe32013 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/test/di/async_spec.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/test/di/async_spec.js
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export function main() {
 
     describe("asyncGet", function () {
       it('should return a promise', function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(fetchUsers)
         ]);
         var p = injector.asyncGet(UserList);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it('should return a promise when the binding is sync', function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           SynchronousUserList
         ]);
         var p = injector.asyncGet(SynchronousUserList);
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should return a promise when the binding is sync (from cache)", function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           UserList
         ]);
         expect(injector.get(UserList)).toBeAnInstanceOf(UserList);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it('should return the injector', inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
-        var injector = new Injector([]);
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([]);
         var p = injector.asyncGet(Injector);
         p.then(function (injector) {
           expect(injector).toBe(injector);
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export function main() {
 
       it('should return a promise when instantiating a sync binding ' +
       'with an async dependency', inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(fetchUsers),
           UserController
         ]);
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export function main() {
       }));
 
       it("should create only one instance (async + async)", inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(fetchUsers)
         ]);
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export function main() {
       }));
 
       it("should create only one instance (sync + async)", inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           UserList
         ]);
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ export function main() {
       }));
 
       it('should show the full path when error happens in a constructor', inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           UserController,
           bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(function () {
             throw "Broken UserList";
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ export function main() {
 
     describe("get", function () {
       it('should throw when instantiating an async binding', function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(fetchUsers)
         ]);
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it('should throw when instantiating a sync binding with an async dependency', function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(fetchUsers),
           UserController
         ]);
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ export function main() {
 
       it('should not throw when instantiating a sync binding with a resolved async dependency',
         inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(fetchUsers),
           UserController
         ]);
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ export function main() {
       }));
 
       it('should resolve synchronously when an async dependency requested as a promise', function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(UserList).toAsyncFactory(fetchUsers),
           AsyncUserController
         ]);
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it('should wrap sync dependencies into promises if required', function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(UserList).toFactory(() => new UserList()),
           AsyncUserController
         ]);
diff --git a/modules/angular2/test/di/injector_spec.js b/modules/angular2/test/di/injector_spec.js
index e030a60da6..21d8a0a5e6 100644
--- a/modules/angular2/test/di/injector_spec.js
+++ b/modules/angular2/test/di/injector_spec.js
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ class NoAnnotations {
 export function main() {
   describe('injector', function () {
     it('should instantiate a class without dependencies', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([Engine]);
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([Engine]);
       var engine = injector.get(Engine);
 
       expect(engine).toBeAnInstanceOf(Engine);
     });
 
     it('should resolve dependencies based on type information', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([Engine, Car]);
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([Engine, Car]);
       var car = injector.get(Car);
 
       expect(car).toBeAnInstanceOf(Car);
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should resolve dependencies based on @Inject annotation', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([TurboEngine, Engine, CarWithInject]);
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([TurboEngine, Engine, CarWithInject]);
       var car = injector.get(CarWithInject);
 
       expect(car).toBeAnInstanceOf(CarWithInject);
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should throw when no type and not @Inject', function () {
-      expect(() => new Injector([NoAnnotations])).toThrowError(
+      expect(() => Injector.resolveAndCreate([NoAnnotations])).toThrowError(
         'Cannot resolve all parameters for NoAnnotations');
     });
 
     it('should cache instances', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([Engine]);
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([Engine]);
 
       var e1 = injector.get(Engine);
       var e2 = injector.get(Engine);
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should bind to a value', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         bind(Engine).toValue("fake engine")
       ]);
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ export function main() {
         return new SportsCar(e);
       }
 
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         Engine,
         bind(Car).toFactory(sportsCarFactory)
       ]);
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should bind to an alias', function() {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         Engine,
         bind(SportsCar).toClass(SportsCar),
         bind(Car).toAlias(SportsCar)
@@ -149,14 +149,14 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should throw when the aliased binding does not exist', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         bind('car').toAlias(SportsCar)
       ]);
       expect(() => injector.get('car')).toThrowError('No provider for SportsCar! (car -> SportsCar)');
     });
 
     it('should support overriding factory dependencies', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         Engine,
         bind(Car).toFactory((e) => new SportsCar(e), [Engine])
       ]);
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should support optional dependencies', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         CarWithOptionalEngine
       ]);
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it("should flatten passed-in bindings", function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         [[Engine, Car]]
       ]);
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ export function main() {
 
     it("should use the last binding "+
       "when there are mutliple bindings for same token", function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         bind(Engine).toClass(Engine),
         bind(Engine).toClass(TurboEngine)
       ]);
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should use non-type tokens', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         bind('token').toValue('value')
       ]);
 
@@ -203,30 +203,30 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should throw when given invalid bindings', function () {
-      expect(() => new Injector(["blah"])).toThrowError('Invalid binding blah');
-      expect(() => new Injector([bind("blah")])).toThrowError('Invalid binding blah');
+      expect(() => Injector.resolveAndCreate(["blah"])).toThrowError('Invalid binding blah');
+      expect(() => Injector.resolveAndCreate([bind("blah")])).toThrowError('Invalid binding blah');
     });
 
     it('should provide itself', function () {
-      var parent = new Injector([]);
-      var child = parent.createChild([]);
+      var parent = Injector.resolveAndCreate([]);
+      var child = parent.resolveAndCreateChild([]);
 
       expect(child.get(Injector)).toBe(child);
     });
 
     it('should throw when no provider defined', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([]);
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([]);
       expect(() => injector.get('NonExisting')).toThrowError('No provider for NonExisting!');
     });
 
     it('should show the full path when no provider', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([CarWithDashboard, Engine, Dashboard]);
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([CarWithDashboard, Engine, Dashboard]);
       expect(() => injector.get(CarWithDashboard)).
         toThrowError('No provider for DashboardSoftware! (CarWithDashboard -> Dashboard -> DashboardSoftware)');
     });
 
     it('should throw when trying to instantiate a cyclic dependency', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         Car,
         bind(Engine).toClass(CyclicEngine)
       ]);
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should show the full path when error happens in a constructor', function () {
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         Car,
         bind(Engine).toClass(BrokenEngine)
       ]);
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ export function main() {
     it('should instantiate an object after a failed attempt', function () {
       var isBroken = true;
 
-      var injector = new Injector([
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         Car,
         bind(Engine).toFactory(() => isBroken ? new BrokenEngine() : new Engine())
       ]);
@@ -268,13 +268,13 @@ export function main() {
     });
 
     it('should support null values', () => {
-      var injector = new Injector([bind('null').toValue(null)]);
+      var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([bind('null').toValue(null)]);
       expect(injector.get('null')).toBe(null);
     });
 
     describe("default bindings", function () {
       it("should be used when no matching binding found", function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([], {defaultBindings: true});
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([], {defaultBindings: true});
 
         var car = injector.get(Car);
 
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should use the matching binding when it is available", function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           bind(Car).toClass(SportsCar)
         ], {defaultBindings: true});
 
@@ -294,8 +294,8 @@ export function main() {
 
     describe("child", function () {
       it('should load instances from parent injector', function () {
-        var parent = new Injector([Engine]);
-        var child = parent.createChild([]);
+        var parent = Injector.resolveAndCreate([Engine]);
+        var child = parent.resolveAndCreateChild([]);
 
         var engineFromParent = parent.get(Engine);
         var engineFromChild = child.get(Engine);
@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should not use the child bindings when resolving the dependencies of a parent binding", function () {
-        var parent = new Injector([
+        var parent = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           Car, Engine
         ]);
-        var child = parent.createChild([
+        var child = parent.resolveAndCreateChild([
           bind(Engine).toClass(TurboEngine)
         ]);
 
@@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it('should create new instance in a child injector', function () {
-        var parent = new Injector([Engine]);
-        var child = parent.createChild([
+        var parent = Injector.resolveAndCreate([Engine]);
+        var child = parent.resolveAndCreateChild([
           bind(Engine).toClass(TurboEngine)
         ]);
 
@@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should create child injectors without default bindings", function () {
-        var parent = new Injector([], {defaultBindings: true});
-        var child = parent.createChild([]);
+        var parent = Injector.resolveAndCreate([], {defaultBindings: true});
+        var child = parent.resolveAndCreateChild([]);
 
         //child delegates to parent the creation of Car
         var childCar = child.get(Car);
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ export function main() {
 
     describe("lazy", function () {
       it("should create dependencies lazily", function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           Engine,
           CarWithLazyEngine
         ]);
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ export function main() {
       });
 
       it("should cache instance created lazily", function () {
-        var injector = new Injector([
+        var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
           Engine,
           CarWithLazyEngine
         ]);
diff --git a/modules/benchmarks/src/di/di_benchmark.js b/modules/benchmarks/src/di/di_benchmark.js
index c8ee1d2b77..28038ea5ac 100644
--- a/modules/benchmarks/src/di/di_benchmark.js
+++ b/modules/benchmarks/src/di/di_benchmark.js
@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ export function main() {
 
   setupReflector();
   var bindings = [A, B, C, D, E];
-  var injector = new Injector(bindings);
+  var injector = Injector.resolveAndCreate(bindings);
 
   var D_KEY = Key.get(D);
   var E_KEY = Key.get(E);
   var childInjector = injector.
-    createChild([]).
-    createChild([]).
-    createChild([]).
-    createChild([]).
-    createChild([]);
+    resolveAndCreateChild([]).
+    resolveAndCreateChild([]).
+    resolveAndCreateChild([]).
+    resolveAndCreateChild([]).
+    resolveAndCreateChild([]);
 
   var variousBindings = [
     A,
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ export function main() {
 
   function instantiate() {
     for (var i = 0; i < iterations; ++i) {
-      var child = injector.createChild([E]);
+      var child = injector.resolveAndCreateChild([E]);
       child.get(E);
     }
   }
diff --git a/modules/benchmarks/src/element_injector/element_injector_benchmark.js b/modules/benchmarks/src/element_injector/element_injector_benchmark.js
index 47fc6e5a7a..660db46a93 100644
--- a/modules/benchmarks/src/element_injector/element_injector_benchmark.js
+++ b/modules/benchmarks/src/element_injector/element_injector_benchmark.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export function main() {
   var iterations = getIntParameter('iterations');
 
   reflector.reflectionCapabilities = new ReflectionCapabilities();
-  var appInjector = new Injector([]);
+  var appInjector = Injector.resolveAndCreate([]);
 
   var bindings = [A, B, C];
   var proto = new ProtoElementInjector(null, 0, bindings);
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/src/runner.js b/modules/benchpress/src/runner.js
index f64bae1ac2..e1eac007d2 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/src/runner.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/src/runner.js
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export class Runner {
     if (isPresent(bindings)) {
       ListWrapper.push(sampleBindings, bindings);
     }
-    return new Injector(sampleBindings).asyncGet(Sampler)
+    return Injector.resolveAndCreate(sampleBindings).asyncGet(Sampler)
       .then( (sampler) => sampler.sample() );
   }
 }
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/metric/multi_metric_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/metric/multi_metric_spec.js
index f6911de9d0..1a2a50a207 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/metric/multi_metric_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/metric/multi_metric_spec.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { Metric, MultiMetric, bind, Injector } from 'benchpress/common';
 
 export function main() {
   function createMetric(ids) {
-    return new Injector([
+    return Injector.resolveAndCreate([
       ListWrapper.map(ids, (id) => bind(id).toValue(new MockMetric(id)) ),
       MultiMetric.createBindings(ids)
     ]).asyncGet(MultiMetric);
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/metric/perflog_metric_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/metric/perflog_metric_spec.js
index b877bc4ce5..e9c4696c36 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/metric/perflog_metric_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/metric/perflog_metric_spec.js
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export function main() {
       }),
       bind(WebDriverExtension).toValue(new MockDriverExtension(perfLogs, commandLog, perfLogFeatures))
     ];
-    return new Injector(bindings).get(PerflogMetric);
+    return Injector.resolveAndCreate(bindings).get(PerflogMetric);
   }
 
   describe('perflog metric', () => {
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/console_reporter_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/console_reporter_spec.js
index 05866b617e..a76a7cb262 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/console_reporter_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/console_reporter_spec.js
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export function main() {
       if (isPresent(columnWidth)) {
         ListWrapper.push(bindings, bind(ConsoleReporter.COLUMN_WIDTH).toValue(columnWidth));
       }
-      reporter = new Injector(bindings).get(ConsoleReporter);
+      reporter = Injector.resolveAndCreate(bindings).get(ConsoleReporter);
     }
 
     it('should print the sample id, description and table header', () => {
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/json_file_reporter_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/json_file_reporter_spec.js
index 16f4a44e01..57aaf4d30c 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/json_file_reporter_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/json_file_reporter_spec.js
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export function main() {
           return PromiseWrapper.resolve(null);
         })
       ];
-      return new Injector(bindings).get(JsonFileReporter);
+      return Injector.resolveAndCreate(bindings).get(JsonFileReporter);
     }
 
     it('should write all data into a file', inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/multi_reporter_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/multi_reporter_spec.js
index 06ab013205..7c7c78d7a8 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/multi_reporter_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/reporter/multi_reporter_spec.js
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { Reporter, MultiReporter, bind, Injector, MeasureValues } from 'benchpre
 
 export function main() {
   function createReporters(ids) {
-    return new Injector([
+    return Injector.resolveAndCreate([
       ListWrapper.map(ids, (id) => bind(id).toValue(new MockReporter(id)) ),
       MultiReporter.createBindings(ids)
     ]).asyncGet(MultiReporter);
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/sampler_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/sampler_spec.js
index d6da57f7f9..b941d0023b 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/sampler_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/sampler_spec.js
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ export function main() {
         ListWrapper.push(bindings, bind(Options.FORCE_GC).toValue(forceGc));
       }
 
-      sampler = new Injector(bindings).get(Sampler);
+      sampler = Injector.resolveAndCreate(bindings).get(Sampler);
     }
 
     it('should call the prepare and execute callbacks using WebDriverAdapter.waitFor', inject([AsyncTestCompleter], (async) => {
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/validator/regression_slope_validator_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/validator/regression_slope_validator_spec.js
index 4bdef96581..775a3e08b5 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/validator/regression_slope_validator_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/validator/regression_slope_validator_spec.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export function main() {
     var validator;
 
     function createValidator({size, metric}) {
-      validator = new Injector([
+      validator = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         RegressionSlopeValidator.BINDINGS,
         bind(RegressionSlopeValidator.METRIC).toValue(metric),
         bind(RegressionSlopeValidator.SAMPLE_SIZE).toValue(size)
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/validator/size_validator_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/validator/size_validator_spec.js
index 1d6e271d70..e5e1533d0b 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/validator/size_validator_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/validator/size_validator_spec.js
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export function main() {
     var validator;
 
     function createValidator(size) {
-      validator = new Injector([
+      validator = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         SizeValidator.BINDINGS,
         bind(SizeValidator.SAMPLE_SIZE).toValue(size)
       ]).get(SizeValidator);
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/web_driver_extension_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/web_driver_extension_spec.js
index 5c609d6cae..7d0e84ee28 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/web_driver_extension_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/web_driver_extension_spec.js
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import { WebDriverExtension, bind, Injector, Options } from 'benchpress/common';
 
 export function main() {
   function createExtension(ids, caps) {
-    return new Injector([
+    return Injector.resolveAndCreate([
       ListWrapper.map(ids, (id) => bind(id).toValue(new MockExtension(id)) ),
       bind(Options.CAPABILITIES).toValue(caps),
       WebDriverExtension.bindTo(ids)
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/webdriver/chrome_driver_extension_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/webdriver/chrome_driver_extension_spec.js
index cb8f665570..fc85c33cd5 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/webdriver/chrome_driver_extension_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/webdriver/chrome_driver_extension_spec.js
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export function main() {
         perfRecords = [];
       }
       log = [];
-      extension = new Injector([
+      extension = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         ChromeDriverExtension.BINDINGS,
         bind(WebDriverAdapter).toValue(new MockDriverAdapter(log, perfRecords, messageMethod))
       ]).get(ChromeDriverExtension);
diff --git a/modules/benchpress/test/webdriver/ios_driver_extension_spec.js b/modules/benchpress/test/webdriver/ios_driver_extension_spec.js
index 0d43707a0e..5ddaf35169 100644
--- a/modules/benchpress/test/webdriver/ios_driver_extension_spec.js
+++ b/modules/benchpress/test/webdriver/ios_driver_extension_spec.js
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export function main() {
         perfRecords = [];
       }
       log = [];
-      extension = new Injector([
+      extension = Injector.resolveAndCreate([
         IOsDriverExtension.BINDINGS,
         bind(WebDriverAdapter).toValue(new MockDriverAdapter(log, perfRecords))
       ]).get(IOsDriverExtension);