diff --git a/packages/compiler-cli/test/ngtsc/ngtsc_spec.ts b/packages/compiler-cli/test/ngtsc/ngtsc_spec.ts
index 824ab3d8df..88cdaaad29 100644
--- a/packages/compiler-cli/test/ngtsc/ngtsc_spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compiler-cli/test/ngtsc/ngtsc_spec.ts
@@ -3009,6 +3009,44 @@ runInEachFileSystem(os => {
               `/*@__PURE__*/ (function () { i0.ɵsetClassMetadata(Service, [{ type: Injectable, args: [{ providedIn: 'root' }] }], null, null); })();`);
     });
 
+    it('should not include `schemas` in component and module defs', () => {
+      env.write('test.ts', `
+        import {Component, NgModule, NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA} from '@angular/core';
+
+        @Component({
+          selector: 'comp',
+          template: '<custom-el></custom-el>',
+          schemas: [NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA],
+        })
+        class MyComp {}
+
+        @NgModule({
+          declarations: [MyComp],
+          schemas: [NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA],
+        })
+        class MyModule {}
+      `);
+
+      env.driveMain();
+      const jsContents = trim(env.getContents('test.js'));
+      expect(jsContents).toContain(trim(`
+        MyComp.ɵcmp = i0.ɵɵdefineComponent({
+          type: MyComp,
+          selectors: [["comp"]],
+          decls: 1,
+          vars: 0,
+          template: function MyComp_Template(rf, ctx) {
+            if (rf & 1) {
+              i0.ɵɵelement(0, "custom-el");
+            }
+          },
+          encapsulation: 2
+        });
+      `));
+      expect(jsContents)
+          .toContain(trim('MyModule.ɵmod = i0.ɵɵdefineNgModule({ type: MyModule });'));
+    });
+
     it('should emit setClassMetadata calls for all types', () => {
       env.write('test.ts', `
       import {Component, Directive, Injectable, NgModule, Pipe} from '@angular/core';
diff --git a/packages/core/src/render3/instructions/element.ts b/packages/core/src/render3/instructions/element.ts
index 9d23c50b78..c40219ce66 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/render3/instructions/element.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/render3/instructions/element.ts
@@ -255,6 +255,14 @@ function setDirectiveStylingInput(
 
 function validateElement(
     hostView: LView, element: RElement, tNode: TNode, hasDirectives: boolean): void {
+  const schemas = hostView[TVIEW].schemas;
+
+  // If `schemas` is set to `null`, that's an indication that this Component was compiled in AOT
+  // mode where this check happens at compile time. In JIT mode, `schemas` is always present and
+  // defined as an array (as an empty array in case `schemas` field is not defined) and we should
+  // execute the check below.
+  if (schemas === null) return;
+
   const tagName = tNode.tagName;
 
   // If the element matches any directive, it's considered as valid.
diff --git a/packages/core/src/render3/jit/module.ts b/packages/core/src/render3/jit/module.ts
index e24b51f80c..a5cac93fca 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/render3/jit/module.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/render3/jit/module.ts
@@ -128,6 +128,13 @@ export function compileNgModuleDefs(
               schemas: ngModule.schemas ? flatten(ngModule.schemas) : null,
               id: ngModule.id || null,
             });
+        // Set `schemas` on ngModuleDef to an empty array in JIT mode to indicate that runtime
+        // should verify that there are no unknown elements in a template. In AOT mode, that check
+        // happens at compile time and `schemas` information is not present on Component and Module
+        // defs after compilation (so the check doesn't happen the second time at runtime).
+        if (!ngModuleDef.schemas) {
+          ngModuleDef.schemas = [];
+        }
       }
       return ngModuleDef;
     }
diff --git a/packages/core/test/acceptance/ng_module_spec.ts b/packages/core/test/acceptance/ng_module_spec.ts
index 09c4c96cff..78f1457ea5 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/acceptance/ng_module_spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/acceptance/ng_module_spec.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
  */
 
 import {CommonModule} from '@angular/common';
-import {CUSTOM_ELEMENTS_SCHEMA, Component, NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA, NgModule} from '@angular/core';
+import {CUSTOM_ELEMENTS_SCHEMA, Component, NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA, NgModule, ɵsetClassMetadata as setClassMetadata, ɵɵdefineComponent as defineComponent, ɵɵdefineInjector as defineInjector, ɵɵdefineNgModule as defineNgModule, ɵɵelement as element} from '@angular/core';
+
 import {TestBed} from '@angular/core/testing';
 import {modifiedInIvy, onlyInIvy} from '@angular/private/testing';
 
@@ -193,6 +194,71 @@ describe('NgModule', () => {
          }).toThrowError(/'custom' is not a known element/);
        });
 
+    onlyInIvy('test relies on Ivy-specific AOT format')
+        .it('should not throw unknown element error for AOT-compiled components', () => {
+          /*
+           *  @Component({
+           *    selector: 'comp',
+           *    template: '<custom-el></custom-el>',
+           *  })
+           *  class MyComp {}
+           */
+          class MyComp {
+            static ɵfac = () => new MyComp();
+            static ɵcmp = defineComponent({
+              type: MyComp,
+              selectors: [['comp']],
+              decls: 1,
+              vars: 0,
+              template: function MyComp_Template(rf, ctx) {
+                if (rf & 1) {
+                  element(0, 'custom-el');
+                }
+              },
+              encapsulation: 2
+            });
+          }
+          setClassMetadata(
+              MyComp, [{
+                type: Component,
+                args: [{
+                  selector: 'comp',
+                  template: '<custom-el></custom-el>',
+                }]
+              }],
+              null, null);
+
+          /*
+           *  @NgModule({
+           *    declarations: [MyComp],
+           *    schemas: [NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA],
+           *  })
+           *  class MyModule {}
+           */
+          class MyModule {
+            static ɵmod = defineNgModule({type: MyModule});
+            static ɵinj = defineInjector({factory: () => new MyModule()});
+          }
+          setClassMetadata(
+              MyModule, [{
+                type: NgModule,
+                args: [{
+                  declarations: [MyComp],
+                  schemas: [NO_ERRORS_SCHEMA],
+                }]
+              }],
+              null, null);
+
+          TestBed.configureTestingModule({
+            imports: [MyModule],
+          });
+
+          expect(() => {
+            const fixture = TestBed.createComponent(MyComp);
+            fixture.detectChanges();
+          }).not.toThrow();
+        });
+
     it('should not throw unknown element error with CUSTOM_ELEMENTS_SCHEMA', () => {
       @Component({template: `<custom-el></custom-el>`})
       class MyComp {