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@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
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include ../../../_includes/_util-fns
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:markdown
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Let's start from zero and build a super simple Angular 2 application in Dart.
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.callout.is-helpful
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header Angular 2 is currently in Developer Preview
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p.
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We recommend using
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<a href='https://angulardart.org'>Angular for Dart</a>
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for production applications.
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header Don't want Dart?
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:markdown
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Although we're getting started in Dart, you can also write Angular 2 apps
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in TypeScript and JavaScript.
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Just select either of those languages from the combo-box in the banner.
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p.
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These instructions assume that you already have the
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@ -15,21 +20,20 @@ p.
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You can also download
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<a href="https://www.dartlang.org/tools/">Dart plugins for
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other IDEs and editors</a>.
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p.
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Once you have the Dart SDK and any other tools you want, return here.
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//- STEP 1 - Create a project ##########################
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.l-main-section
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h2#section-install-angular 1. Create a project
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p.
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Create a new directory, and put a file named
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<code>pubspec.yaml</code> in it.
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//- ##########################
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.l-main-section
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h2#section-install-angular Set up a new app directory
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:markdown
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Create a new directory,
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and put a file named `pubspec.yaml` in it.
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code-example(language="sh").
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> <span class="blk">mkdir hello_world</span>
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> <span class="blk">cd hello_world</span>
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> <span class="blk">mkdir angular2_getting_started</span>
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> <span class="blk">cd angular2_getting_started</span>
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> <span class="blk">vim pubspec.yaml</span> # Use your favorite editor!
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p.
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@ -37,168 +41,95 @@ p.
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specify the angular2 and browser packages as dependencies,
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as well as the angular2 transformer.
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Angular 2 is changing rapidly, so provide an exact version:
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<b>2.0.0-alpha.39</b>.
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<b>2.0.0-alpha.42</b>.
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code-example(language="yaml" format="linenums").
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name: hello_world
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version: 0.0.1
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dependencies:
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angular2: 2.0.0-alpha.39
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browser: ^0.10.0
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transformers:
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- angular2:
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entry_points: web/main.dart
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|
//- STEP 2 - Import Angular ##########################
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.l-main-section
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h2#section-transpile 2. Import Angular
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+makeExample('gettingstarted/dart/ex1/pubspec.yaml', null, 'pubspec.yaml')
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p.
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Still in the same directory, create a <code>web</code> directory.
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Create a file under <code>web</code> named <code>main.dart</code>.
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In the same directory, create a <code>web</code> directory, and then
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run <code>pub get</code> to install the angular2 and browser packages
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(along with the packages they depend on).
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code-example(language="sh").
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> <span class="blk">mkdir web</span>
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> <span class="blk">vim web/main.dart</span> # Use your favorite editor!
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p.
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In the same directory, run <code>pub get</code>
|
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to install the angular2 and browser packages
|
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(along with the packages they depend on):
|
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code-example(language="sh").
|
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|
> <span class="blk">pub get</span>
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Resolving dependencies...
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//- PENDING: Create template? Link to pub/pubspec docs?
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p.
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Edit <code>web/main.dart</code> to import the angular2
|
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|
and bootstrap libraries:
|
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code-example(language="dart" format="linenums").
|
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|
import 'package:angular2/angular2.dart';
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import 'package:angular2/bootstrap.dart';
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|
//- STEP 3 - Define a component ##########################
|
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//- ##########################
|
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.l-main-section
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h2#section-transpile Create a Dart file
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p.
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|
Create a file under <code>web</code> named <code>main.dart</code>.
|
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code-example(language="sh").
|
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|
> <span class="blk">vim web/main.dart</span> # Use your favorite editor!
|
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p.
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|
Paste the following code into <code>web/main.dart</code>:
|
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|
+makeExample('gettingstarted/dart/ex1/web/main.dart', null, 'web/main.dart')
|
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|
:markdown
|
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|
|
You've just defined an Angular 2 **component**,
|
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|
one of the most important Angular 2 features.
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|
Components are the primary way to create application views
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|
and support them with application logic.
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|
This component is an empty, do-nothing class class named `AppComponent`.
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|
You can add properties and application logic to it later,
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|
|
when you're ready to build a substantive application.
|
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|
|
Above the class is the `@Component` annotation,
|
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|
|
which tells Angular that this class *is an Angular component*.
|
|
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|
|
The call to the `@Component` constructor has two
|
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|
named parameters, `selector` and `template`.
|
|
|
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|
|
The `selector` parameter specifies a CSS selector for
|
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|
|
a host HTML element named `my-app`.
|
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|
|
Angular creates and displays an instance of `AppComponent`
|
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|
|
wherever it encounters a `my-app` element.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `template` parameter is the component's companion template
|
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|
|
that tells Angular how to render a view.
|
|
|
|
|
In this case, the template is a single line of HTML announcing
|
|
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|
|
"My First Angular 2 App".
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
The <code>main()</code> function
|
|
|
|
|
calls Angular's <code>bootstrap()</code> function,
|
|
|
|
|
which tells Angular to start the application with `AppComponent`
|
|
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|
|
at the application root.
|
|
|
|
|
Someday the application will
|
|
|
|
|
consist of more components arising in tree-like fashion from this root.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The top lines import two libraries.
|
|
|
|
|
*All* Dart files that use Angular APIs import `angular2.dart`.
|
|
|
|
|
Only files that call `bootstrap()` import `bootstrap.dart`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//- ##########################
|
|
|
|
|
.l-main-section
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h2#section-angular-create-account 3. Define a component
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
Update <code>web/main.dart</code>, adding the following code
|
|
|
|
|
after the imports:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums:4").
|
|
|
|
|
@Component(
|
|
|
|
|
selector: 'my-app'
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
@View(
|
|
|
|
|
template: '<h1>Hello {{ name }}</h1>'
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
class AppComponent {
|
|
|
|
|
String name = 'Alice';
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
The code you just added creates a component that
|
|
|
|
|
has the tag <b><my-app></b>.
|
|
|
|
|
The Dart code for an Angular component consists of a class
|
|
|
|
|
(the <b>component controller</b>)
|
|
|
|
|
that has <code>@Component</code> and <code>@View</code> annotations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.l-sub-section
|
|
|
|
|
h3 Annotations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
The <code>@Component</code> annotation defines
|
|
|
|
|
the HTML tag for the component by specifying the component's CSS selector.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
The <code>@View</code> annotation defines the HTML that
|
|
|
|
|
represents the component. This component uses an inline template,
|
|
|
|
|
but you can also have an external template. To use an external template,
|
|
|
|
|
specify a <code>templateUrl</code> property
|
|
|
|
|
and give it the path to the HTML file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
code-example(language="dart").
|
|
|
|
|
@Component(
|
|
|
|
|
selector: 'my-app'
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
@View(
|
|
|
|
|
template: '<h1>Hello {{ name }}</h1>'
|
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
The annotations above specify an HTML tag of <code><my-app></code>
|
|
|
|
|
and a template of <code ng-non-bindable><h1>Hello {{ name }}</h1></code>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.l-sub-section
|
|
|
|
|
h3 The template and the component controller
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
A template has access to all the public properties and methods
|
|
|
|
|
of its component controller.
|
|
|
|
|
The template above binds to a <code>name</code> property through
|
|
|
|
|
the double-mustache syntax (<code ng-non-bindable>{{ ... }}</code>).
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
The component controller assigns "Alice" to the name property. When the
|
|
|
|
|
template renders, "Hello Alice" appears instead of
|
|
|
|
|
<span ng-non-bindable>"Hello {{ name }}"</span>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
code-example(language="dart").
|
|
|
|
|
class AppComponent {
|
|
|
|
|
String name = 'Alice';
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//- STEP 4 - Bootstrap ##########################
|
|
|
|
|
.l-main-section
|
|
|
|
|
h2#section-transpile 4. Bootstrap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
Add the following code to the bottom of <code>web/main.dart</code>:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
code-example(language="dart" format="linenums:14").
|
|
|
|
|
main() {
|
|
|
|
|
bootstrap(AppComponent);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
This code adds a <code>main()</code> function
|
|
|
|
|
that calls Angular's <code>bootstrap()</code> function.
|
|
|
|
|
The argument to <code>bootstrap()</code> is the name of the component class
|
|
|
|
|
you defined above.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//- STEP 5 - Declare the HTML ##########################
|
|
|
|
|
.l-main-section
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h2#section-angular-create-account 5. Declare the HTML
|
|
|
|
|
h2#section-angular-create-account Create an HTML file
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
Create a file named <code>web/index.html</code> that contains
|
|
|
|
|
the following code,
|
|
|
|
|
which loads <code>main.dart</code> and instantiates the my-app component:
|
|
|
|
|
the following code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
code-example(language="html" format="linenums").
|
|
|
|
|
<!doctype html>
|
|
|
|
|
<html>
|
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Angular 2 Quickstart</title>
|
|
|
|
|
+makeExample('gettingstarted/dart/ex1/web/index.html', null, 'web/index.html')
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script async src="main.dart" type="application/dart"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script async src="packages/browser/dart.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
|
<my-app></my-app>
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
|
|
|
|
:markdown
|
|
|
|
|
The `<my-app>` tag in the `<body>` is
|
|
|
|
|
the custom HTML element defined in the Dart file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//- STEP 6 - Run ##########################
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//- ##########################
|
|
|
|
|
.l-main-section
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h2#section-angular-run-app 6. Run your app
|
|
|
|
|
h2#section-angular-run-app Run the app
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
You have a few options for running your app.
|
|
|
|
@ -216,25 +147,39 @@ p.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
Once the app is running,
|
|
|
|
|
you should see <b>Hello Alice</b> in your browser window.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//- STEP 7 - Generate JavaScript ##########################
|
|
|
|
|
.l-main-section
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h2#section-angular-run-app 7. Generate JavaScript
|
|
|
|
|
you should see <b>My First Angular 2 App</b> in your browser window.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
If you don't see that, make sure you've entered all the code correctly
|
|
|
|
|
and run `pub get`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
//- ##########################
|
|
|
|
|
.l-main-section
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
h2#section-angular-run-app Generate JavaScript
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:markdown
|
|
|
|
|
Before you can deploy your app, you need to generate JavaScript files.
|
|
|
|
|
Compiling your Dart code to JavaScript is easy:
|
|
|
|
|
just run <code>pub build</code>.
|
|
|
|
|
Pub build makes that easy.
|
|
|
|
|
To improve your app's performance, convert the
|
|
|
|
|
HTML file to directly include the generated JavaScript;
|
|
|
|
|
one way to do that is with dart_to_js_script_rewriter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:markdown
|
|
|
|
|
Add the dart_to_js_script_rewriter package to your pubspec,
|
|
|
|
|
in both the `dependencies` and `transformers` sections.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- var stylePattern = { pnk: /(dart_to_js_script_rewriter.*$)|(- dart_to_js_script_rewriter.*$)/gm, otl: /(dependencies:)|(transformers:)/g };
|
|
|
|
|
+makeExample('gettingstarted/dart/ex2/pubspec.yaml', null, 'pubspec.yaml', stylePattern)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
p.
|
|
|
|
|
Then compile your Dart code to JavaScript,
|
|
|
|
|
using <code>pub build</code>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
code-example(language="basic").
|
|
|
|
|
> <span class="blk">pub build</span>
|
|
|
|
|
Loading source assets...
|
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
|
Built 333 files to "build".
|
|
|
|
|
//- REGENERATE THIS OUTPUT - or delete it? - when updating from 2.0.0-alpha.39
|
|
|
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//- REGENERATE THIS OUTPUT - or delete it? - when updating from 2.0.0-alpha.42
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p.
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The generated JavaScript appears, along with supporting files,
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@ -242,24 +187,18 @@ p.
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p.
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When you generate JavaScript for an Angular app,
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be sure you use the Angular transformer.
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be sure to use the Angular transformer.
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It analyzes your code,
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converting reflection-using code to static code
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that Dart's build tools can compile to faster, smaller JavaScript.
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The highlighted lines in <code>pubspec.yaml</code>
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configure the Angular transformer:
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code-example(language="yaml" format="linenums").
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name: hello_world
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version: 0.0.1
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dependencies:
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angular2: 2.0.0-alpha.39
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browser: ^0.10.0
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<span class="pnk">transformers:
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- angular2:
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entry_points: web/main.dart</span>
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- var stylePattern = { otl: /(transformers:)|(- angular2:)|(entry_points.*$)/gm };
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+makeExample('gettingstarted/dart/ex2/pubspec.yaml', null, 'pubspec.yaml', stylePattern)
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p.
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The <code>entry_points</code> entry
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The <code>entry_points</code> item
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identifies the Dart file in your app
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that has a <code>main()</code> function.
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For more information, see the
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@ -285,6 +224,8 @@ p.
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.l-main-section
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h2#section-transpile Great job! Next step...
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<!--TODO: Join us on the [Tour of Heroes](./toh-pt1.html) -->
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p.
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Follow the <a href="guide">developer guide</a>
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to continue playing with Angular 2 for Dart.
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