refactor(localize): ensure that translate plugin exceptions are not swallowed (#38536)

Previously, exceptions that were not `BabelParseError`s were just ignored.
Such exceptions are most likely programming errors in the package.
They are now re-thrown to ensure that the error is not hidden.

PR Close #38536

packages/localize/src/tools/src/translate/source_files/es2015_translate_plugin.ts

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ export function makeEs2015TranslatePlugin(
             // since there must be something wrong with the structure of the AST generated
             // by Babel parsing a TaggedTemplateExpression.
             throw buildCodeFrameError(path, e);
+          } else {
+            throw e;
           }
         }
       }

packages/localize/src/tools/src/translate/source_files/es5_translate_plugin.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ export function makeEs5TranslatePlugin(
         } catch (e) {
           if (isBabelParseError(e)) {
             diagnostics.error(buildCodeFrameError(callPath, e));
+          } else {
+            throw e;
           }
         }
       }