build: rely on engines to prevent using npm for dependency install (#41477)

Rather than relying on a preinstall script, set `engine-strict` to `true` in a
project `.npmrc` file, relying on the `engines` having `npm` set to note that
yarn should be used instead.

---

Output from `npm install` changes from:
```
$ npm install

> angular-srcs@12.0.0-next.7 preinstall /usr/local/account/js/angular
> node tools/yarn/check-yarn.js

/usr/local/account/js/angular/tools/yarn/check-yarn.js:12
  throw new Error(
  ^

Error: Please use Yarn instead of NPM to install dependencies. See: https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/install/
    at Object.<anonymous> (/usr/local/account/js/angular/tools/yarn/check-yarn.js:12:9)
    at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:778:30)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:789:10)
    at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:653:32)
    at tryModuleLoad (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:593:12)
    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:585:3)
    at Function.Module.runMain (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:831:12)
    at startup (internal/bootstrap/node.js:283:19)
    at bootstrapNodeJSCore (internal/bootstrap/node.js:623:3)
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! angular-srcs@12.0.0-next.7 preinstall: `node tools/yarn/check-yarn.js`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the angular-srcs@12.0.0-next.7 preinstall script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /usr/local/account/.npm/_logs/2021-04-06T22_54_02_292Z-debug.log
```
to
```
$ npm install
npm ERR! code ENOTSUP
npm ERR! notsup Unsupported engine for angular-srcs@12.0.0-next.7: wanted: {"node":">=10.19.0 <13.0.0","yarn":">=1.22.4 <2","npm":"Plesae use yarn instead of NPM to install dependencies"} (current: {"node":"10.20.1","npm":"6.14.4"})
npm ERR! notsup Not compatible with your version of node/npm: angular-srcs@12.0.0-next.7
npm ERR! notsup Not compatible with your version of node/npm: angular-srcs@12.0.0-next.7
npm ERR! notsup Required: {"node":">=10.19.0 <13.0.0","yarn":">=1.22.4 <2","npm":"Plesae use yarn instead of NPM to install dependencies"}
npm ERR! notsup Actual:   {"npm":"6.14.4","node":"10.20.1"}

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /usr/local/account/.npm/_logs/2021-04-06T22_53_23_912Z-debug.log
```

PR Close #41477

.npmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+engine-strict = true

aio/.npmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+engine-strict = true

aio/package.json

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
   "author": "Angular",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {
-    "preinstall": "node ../tools/yarn/check-yarn.js",
     "postinstall": "node tools/cli-patches/patch.js",
     "aio-use-local": "node tools/ng-packages-installer overwrite . --debug --force --build-packages",
     "aio-use-npm": "node tools/ng-packages-installer restore .",
@@ -86,7 +85,8 @@
   "//engines-comment": "Keep this in sync with /package.json and /aio/tools/examples/shared/package.json",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=10.19.0 <16.0.0",
-    "yarn": ">=1.22.4 <2"
+    "yarn": ">=1.22.4 <2",
+    "npm": "Please use yarn instead of NPM to install dependencies"
   },
   "private": true,
   "dependencies": {

aio/tools/examples/shared/.npmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+engine-strict = true

aio/tools/examples/shared/package.json

@@ -7,14 +7,15 @@
     "http-server": "http-server",
     "protractor": "protractor",
     "webdriver:update": "node ../../../../scripts/webdriver-manager-update.js",
-    "preinstall": "node ../../../../tools/yarn/check-yarn.js",
     "postinstall": "yarn webdriver:update",
     "sync-deps": "node sync-boilerplate-dependencies"
   },
   "//engines-comment": "Keep this in sync with /package.json and /aio/package.json",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=10.19.0 <16.0.0",
-    "yarn": ">=1.21.1 <2"
+    "yarn": ">=1.21.1 <2",
+    "npm": "Please use yarn instead of NPM to install dependencies"
+
   },
   "keywords": [],
   "author": "",

package.json

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
   "//engines-comment": "Keep this in sync with /aio/package.json and /aio/tools/examples/shared/package.json",
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=10.19.0 <16.0.0",
-    "yarn": ">=1.22.4 <2"
+    "yarn": ">=1.22.4 <2",
+    "npm": "Please use yarn instead of NPM to install dependencies"
   },
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -31,7 +32,6 @@
     "// 2": "Find the usage you are looking for with:",
     "// 3": "yarn ng-dev --help",
     "/ ": "",
-    "preinstall": "node tools/yarn/check-yarn.js",
     "postinstall": "node scripts/webdriver-manager-update.js && node --preserve-symlinks --preserve-symlinks-main ./tools/postinstall-patches.js",
     "prepare": "husky install",
     "test-ivy-aot": "bazelisk test --config=ivy --build_tag_filters=-no-ivy-aot,-fixme-ivy-aot --test_tag_filters=-no-ivy-aot,-fixme-ivy-aot",

tools/yarn/check-yarn.js

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @license
- * Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
- *
- * Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
- * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
- */
-
-'use strict';
-
-if (process.env.npm_execpath.indexOf('yarn') === -1) {
-  throw new Error(
-      'Please use Yarn instead of NPM to install dependencies. See: https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/install/');
-}