Merge branch 'eugenp:master' into master

akka-modules/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## Akka 
+
+This module contains modules about Akka. 

akka-modules/akka-http/pom.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <artifactId>akka-modules</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 

akka-modules/akka-streams/pom.xml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <artifactId>akka-modules</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 

akka-modules/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <artifactId>akka-modules</artifactId>
+    <name>akka-modules</name>
+    <packaging>pom</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <modules>
+        <module>akka-http</module>
+        <module>akka-streams</module>
+        <module>spring-akka</module>
+    </modules>
+
+    <build>
+        <pluginManagement>
+            <plugins>
+                <plugin>
+                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                </plugin>
+            </plugins>
+        </pluginManagement>
+    </build>
+
+</project>

akka-modules/spring-akka/pom.xml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <artifactId>akka-modules</artifactId>
         <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 

apache-cxf-modules/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,4 @@ This module contains articles about Apache CXF
 
 ## Relevant Articles:
 
-- [Apache CXF Support for RESTful Web Services](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-cxf-rest-api)
-- [A Guide to Apache CXF with Spring](https://www.baeldung.com/apache-cxf-with-spring)
-- [Introduction to Apache CXF](https://www.baeldung.com/introduction-to-apache-cxf)
+- [Introduction to Apache CXF Aegis Data Binding](https://www.baeldung.com/aegis-data-binding-in-apache-cxf)

apache-cxf-modules/cxf-introduction/README.md

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 ### Relevant Articles:
-- [Introduction to Apache CXF](http://www.baeldung.com/introduction-to-apache-cxf)
+- [Introduction to Apache CXF](https://www.baeldung.com/introduction-to-apache-cxf)

axon/pom.xml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
             <dependency>
                 <groupId>org.axonframework</groupId>
                 <artifactId>axon-bom</artifactId>
-                <version>${axon.version}</version>
+                <version>${axon-bom.version}</version>
                 <type>pom</type>
                 <scope>import</scope>
             </dependency>
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>
-        <axon.version>4.5.0</axon.version>
+        <axon-bom.version>4.5.13</axon-bom.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

cas/cas-secured-app/pom.xml

@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@
     <description>Demo project for CAS</description>
 
     <parent>
-        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
-        <artifactId>parent-boot-2</artifactId>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung.cas</groupId>
+        <artifactId>cas</artifactId>
         <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
-        <relativePath>../../parent-boot-2</relativePath>
     </parent>
 
     <dependencies>

cas/cas-secured-app/src/main/java/com/baeldung/cassecuredapp/CasSecuredApplication.java

@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ public class CasSecuredApplication {
     @Bean
     public SingleSignOutFilter singleSignOutFilter() {
         SingleSignOutFilter singleSignOutFilter = new SingleSignOutFilter();
-        singleSignOutFilter.setCasServerUrlPrefix("https://localhost:8443");
         singleSignOutFilter.setLogoutCallbackPath("/exit/cas");
         singleSignOutFilter.setIgnoreInitConfiguration(true);
         return singleSignOutFilter;

cas/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <groupId>com.baeldung.cas</groupId>
+    <artifactId>cas</artifactId>
+    <name>cas</name>
+    <packaging>pom</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-boot-2</artifactId>
+        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>../parent-boot-2</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <modules>
+        <module>cas-secured-app</module>
+    </modules>
+
+</project>

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/README.md

@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ This module contains articles about Java 11 core features
 - [Call Methods at Runtime Using Java Reflection](https://www.baeldung.com/java-method-reflection)
 - [Java HttpClient Basic Authentication](https://www.baeldung.com/java-httpclient-basic-auth)
 - [Java HttpClient With SSL](https://www.baeldung.com/java-httpclient-ssl)
+- [Adding Parameters to Java HttpClient Requests](https://www.baeldung.com/java-httpclient-request-parameters)

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/parameters/HttpClientParametersLiveTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.baeldung.httpclient.parameters;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.http.HttpClient;
+import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
+import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public class HttpClientParametersLiveTest {
+
+    private static HttpClient client;
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    public static void setUp() {
+        client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenQueryParams_whenGetRequest_thenResponseOk() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+          .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2)
+          .uri(URI.create("https://postman-echo.com/get?param1=value1&param2=value2"))
+          .GET()
+          .build();
+        HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
+
+        assertEquals(response.statusCode(), 200);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenQueryParams_whenGetRequestWithDefaultConfiguration_thenResponseOk() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
+          .uri(URI.create("https://postman-echo.com/get?param1=value1&param2=value2"))
+          .build();
+        HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
+
+        assertEquals(response.statusCode(), 200);
+    }
+
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-11-2/src/test/java/com/baeldung/httpclient/ssl/HttpClientSSLBypassUnitTest.java

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public class HttpClientSSLBypassUnitTest {
           .build();
 
         HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
-          .uri(URI.create("https://www.testingmcafeesites.com/"))
+          .uri(URI.create("https://wrong.host.badssl.com/"))
           .build();
 
         HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());

core-java-modules/core-java-9/README.md

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ This module contains articles about Java 9 core features
 - [Easy Ways to Write a Java InputStream to an OutputStream](https://www.baeldung.com/java-inputstream-to-outputstream)
 - [Private Methods in Java Interfaces](https://www.baeldung.com/java-interface-private-methods)
 - [Java Scanner useDelimiter with Examples](https://www.baeldung.com/java-scanner-usedelimiter)
+- [Is There a Destructor in Java?](https://www.baeldung.com/java-destructor)

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/finalizers/CleaningDemo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.bealdung.java9.finalizers;
+
+import java.lang.ref.Cleaner;
+
+class CleaningDemo {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        final Cleaner cleaner = Cleaner.create();
+        try (Order order = new Order(cleaner)) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+                order.register(new Product(i), i);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("Error: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/finalizers/Order.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.bealdung.java9.finalizers;
+
+import java.lang.ref.Cleaner;
+
+class Order implements AutoCloseable {
+
+    private final Cleaner cleaner;
+    private Cleaner.Cleanable cleanable;
+
+    public Order(Cleaner cleaner) {
+        this.cleaner = cleaner;
+    }
+
+    public void register(Product product, int id) {
+        this.cleanable = cleaner.register(product, new CleaningAction(id));
+    }
+
+    public void close() {
+        cleanable.clean();
+        System.out.println("Cleanable closed");
+    }
+
+    static class CleaningAction implements Runnable {
+
+        private final int id;
+
+        public CleaningAction(int id) {
+            this.id = id;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            System.out.printf("Object with id %s is garbage collected. %n", id);
+        }
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/finalizers/Product.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.bealdung.java9.finalizers;
+
+class Product {
+    private final int id;
+
+    public Product(int id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java9/finalizers/Resource.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.bealdung.java9.finalizers;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+
+class Resource implements AutoCloseable {
+
+    final BufferedReader reader;
+
+    public Resource(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException {
+        reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename));
+    }
+
+    public long getLineNumber() {
+        return reader.lines()
+            .count();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws Exception {
+        reader.close();
+        System.out.println("BufferedReader resource closed");
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/finalizers/FinalizeUnitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.bealdung.java9.finalizers;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+class FinalizeUnitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void givenFilename_whenGetLineNumber_thenReturnCorrectNumber() throws IOException {
+        final File tmpFile = File.createTempFile("test", ".tmp");
+        final BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(tmpFile));
+        writer.write("Baeldung");
+        writer.close();
+
+        long lineNumber = 0;
+        try (Resource resource = new Resource(tmpFile.getAbsolutePath())) {
+            lineNumber = resource.getLineNumber();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("Error " + e);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(1, lineNumber);
+    }
+}

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/maps/initialize/EmptyMapInitializer.java

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class EmptyMapInitializer {
     return emptyMap;
   }
 
-  public Map createGenericEmptyMapUsingMapsObject() {
+  public Map createGenericEmptyMapUsingGuavaMapsObject() {
     Map genericEmptyMap = Maps.<String, Integer>newHashMap();
     return genericEmptyMap;
   }
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ public class EmptyMapInitializer {
     return emptyMapUsingGuava;
   }
 
+  public static Map<String, String> createImmutableMapUsingGuava() {
+	    Map<String, String> emptyImmutableMapUsingGuava = ImmutableMap.of();
+	    return emptyImmutableMapUsingGuava;
+  }
+  
   public SortedMap<String, String> createEmptySortedMap() {
     SortedMap<String, String> sortedMap = Collections.emptySortedMap();
     return sortedMap;

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-4/src/test/java/com/baeldung/maps/initialize/EmptyMapInitializerUnitTest.java

@@ -28,4 +28,9 @@ public class EmptyMapInitializerUnitTest {
     assertFalse(emptyMapUsingGuava.isEmpty());
   }
 
+  @Test(expected=UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+  public void givenImmutableEmptyMapUsingGuava_whenAddingEntries_throwsException() {
+    Map<String, String> map = EmptyMapInitializer.createImmutableMapUsingGuava();
+    map.put("key", "value");
+  }
 }

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-conversions-2/README.md

@@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ This module contains articles about conversions among Collection types and array
 - [Converting List to Map With a Custom Supplier](https://www.baeldung.com/list-to-map-supplier)
 - [Arrays.asList vs new ArrayList(Arrays.asList())](https://www.baeldung.com/java-arrays-aslist-vs-new-arraylist)
 - [Iterate Over a Set in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-iterate-set)
-- More articles: [[<-- prev]](../java-collections-conversions)
+- More articles: [[<-- prev]](../core-java-collections-conversions)

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-conversions-2/pom.xml

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>java-collections-conversions-2</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>core-java-collections-conversions-2</artifactId>
     <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>java-collections-conversions-2</name>
+    <name>core-java-collections-conversions-2</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
     <parent>
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
-        <finalName>java-collections-conversions-2</finalName>
+        <finalName>core-java-collections-conversions-2</finalName>
         <resources>
             <resource>
                 <directory>src/main/resources</directory>

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-conversions/README.md

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ This module contains articles about conversions among Collection types and array
 - [Java 8 Collectors toMap](https://www.baeldung.com/java-collectors-tomap)
 - [Converting Iterable to Collection in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-iterable-to-collection)
 - [Converting Iterator to List](https://www.baeldung.com/java-convert-iterator-to-list)
-- More articles: [[next -->]](../java-collections-conversions-2)
+- More articles: [[next -->]](../core-java-collections-conversions-2)

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-conversions/pom.xml

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>java-collections-conversions</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>core-java-collections-conversions</artifactId>
     <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>java-collections-conversions</name>
+    <name>core-java-collections-conversions</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
     <parent>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>
-        <finalName>java-collections-conversions</finalName>
+        <finalName>core-java-collections-conversions</finalName>
         <resources>
             <resource>
                 <directory>src/main/resources</directory>

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-3/README.md

@@ -13,5 +13,4 @@ This module contains articles about the Java List collection
 - [Finding the Differences Between Two Lists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-lists-difference)
 - [List vs. ArrayList in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-list-vs-arraylist)
 - [How to Store HashMap<String, ArrayList> Inside a List](https://www.baeldung.com/java-hashmap-inside-list)
-- [Working With a List of Lists in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-list-of-lists)
 - [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-collections-list-2)

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-5/README.md

@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@
 - [Java Map – keySet() vs. entrySet() vs. values() Methods](https://www.baeldung.com/java-map-entries-methods)
 - [Java IdentityHashMap Class and Its Use Cases](https://www.baeldung.com/java-identityhashmap)
 - [How to Invert a Map in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-invert-map)
+- More articles: [[<-- prev]](../core-java-collections-maps-4)

core-java-modules/core-java-collections-maps-5/pom.xml

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>java-collections-maps-3</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>core-java-collections-maps-5</artifactId>
     <version>0.1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <name>java-collections-maps-3</name>
+    <name>core-java-collections-maps-5</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
     <parent>

core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-2/README.md

@@ -12,4 +12,5 @@ This module contains articles about date operations in Java.
 - [Finding Leap Years in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-leap-year)
 - [Getting the Week Number From Any Date](https://www.baeldung.com/java-get-week-number)
 - [Subtract Days from a Date in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-subtract-days-from-date)
+- [How to Calculate “Time Ago” in Java](https://www.baeldung.com/java-calculate-time-ago)
 - [[<-- Prev]](/core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-1)

core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-2/pom.xml

@@ -30,11 +30,29 @@
             <artifactId>hirondelle-date4j</artifactId>
             <version>${hirondelle-date4j.version}</version>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>net.time4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>time4j-base</artifactId>
+            <version>${time4j-base.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>net.time4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>time4j-sqlxml</artifactId>
+            <version>${time4j-sqlxml.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.ocpsoft.prettytime</groupId>
+            <artifactId>prettytime</artifactId>
+            <version>${prettytime.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <properties>
         <joda-time.version>2.10</joda-time.version>
         <hirondelle-date4j.version>1.5.1</hirondelle-date4j.version>
+        <prettytime.version>3.2.7.Final</prettytime.version>
+        <time4j-base.version>5.9</time4j-base.version>
+        <time4j-sqlxml.version>5.8</time4j-sqlxml.version>
     </properties>
 
 </project>

core-java-modules/core-java-date-operations-2/src/main/java/com/baeldung/timeago/version7/TimeAgoCalculator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package com.baeldung.timeago.version7;
+
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import org.joda.time.DateTime;
+import org.joda.time.DateTimeZone;
+import org.joda.time.Period;
+import org.joda.time.format.PeriodFormat;
+import org.joda.time.format.PeriodFormatter;
+import org.joda.time.format.PeriodFormatterBuilder;
+
+public class TimeAgoCalculator {
+
+    public static String calculateTimeAgoByTimeGranularity(Date pastTime, TimeGranularity granularity) {
+        Date currentTime = new Date();
+        long timeDifferenceInMillis = currentTime.getTime() - pastTime.getTime();
+        return timeDifferenceInMillis / granularity.toMillis() + " " + granularity.name()
+            .toLowerCase() + " ago";
+    }
+
+    public static String calculateHumanFriendlyTimeAgo(Date pastTime) {
+        Date currentTime = new Date();
+        long timeDifferenceInMillis = currentTime.getTime() - pastTime.getTime();
+        if (timeDifferenceInMillis / TimeGranularity.DECADES.toMillis() > 0)
+            return "several decades ago";
+        else if (timeDifferenceInMillis / TimeGranularity.YEARS.toMillis() > 0)
+            return "several years ago";
+        else if (timeDifferenceInMillis / TimeGranularity.MONTHS.toMillis() > 0)
+            return "several months ago";
+        else if (timeDifferenceInMillis / TimeGranularity.WEEKS.toMillis() > 0)
+            return "several weeks ago";
+        else if (timeDifferenceInMillis / TimeGranularity.DAYS.toMillis() > 0)
+            return "several days ago";
+        else if (timeDifferenceInMillis / TimeGranularity.HOURS.toMillis() > 0)
+            return "several hours ago";
+        else if (timeDifferenceInMillis / TimeGranularity.MINUTES.toMillis() > 0)
+            return "several minutes ago";
+        else
+            return "moments ago";
+    }
+
+    public static String calculateExactTimeAgoWithJodaTime(Date pastTime) {
+        Period period = new Period(new DateTime(pastTime.getTime()), new DateTime());
+        PeriodFormatter formatter = new PeriodFormatterBuilder().appendYears()
+            .appendSuffix(" year ", " years ")
+            .appendSeparator("and ")
+            .appendMonths()
+            .appendSuffix(" month ", " months ")
+            .appendSeparator("and ")
+            .appendWeeks()
+            .appendSuffix(" week ", " weeks ")
+            .appendSeparator("and ")
+            .appendDays()
+            .appendSuffix(" day ", " days ")
+            .appendSeparator("and ")
+            .appendHours()
+            .appendSuffix(" hour ", " hours ")
+            .appendSeparator("and ")
+            .appendMinutes()
+            .appendSuffix(" minute ", " minutes ")
+            .appendSeparator("and ")
+            .appendSeconds()
+            .appendSuffix(" second", " seconds")
+            .toFormatter();
+        return formatter.print(period);
+    }
+
+    public static String calculateHumanFriendlyTimeAgoWithJodaTime(Date pastTime) {
+        Period period = new Period(new DateTime(pastTime.getTime()), new DateTime());
+        if (period.getYears() != 0)
+            return "several years ago";
+        else if (period.getMonths() != 0)
+            return "several months ago";
+        else if (period.getWeeks() != 0)
+            return "several weeks ago";
+        else if (period.getDays() != 0)
+            return "several days ago";
+        else if (period.getHours() != 0)
+            return "several hours ago";
+        else if (period.getMinutes() != 0)
+            return "several minutes ago";
+        else
+            return "moments ago";
+    }
+
+    public static String calculateZonedTimeAgoWithJodaTime(Date pastTime, TimeZone zone) {
+        DateTimeZone dateTimeZone = DateTimeZone.forID(zone.getID());
+        Period period = new Period(new DateTime(pastTime.getTime(), dateTimeZone), new DateTime(dateTimeZone));
+        return PeriodFormat.getDefault()
+            .print(period);
+    }
+
+}