Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into craedel-log4j2

core-java-9/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java9/language/stream/StreamFeaturesTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package com.baeldung.java9.language.stream;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static java.lang.Integer.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class StreamFeaturesTest {
+
+    public static class TakeAndDropWhileTest {
+
+        public Stream<String> getStreamAfterTakeWhileOperation() {
+            return Stream
+                    .iterate("", s -> s + "s")
+                    .takeWhile(s -> s.length() < 10);
+        }
+
+        public Stream<String> getStreamAfterDropWhileOperation() {
+            return Stream
+                    .iterate("", s -> s + "s")
+                    .takeWhile(s -> s.length() < 10)
+                    .dropWhile(s -> !s.contains("sssss"));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        public void testTakeWhileOperation() {
+            List<String> list = getStreamAfterTakeWhileOperation().collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+            assertEquals(10, list.size());
+
+            assertEquals("", list.get(0));
+            assertEquals("ss", list.get(2));
+            assertEquals("sssssssss", list.get(list.size() - 1));
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        public void testDropWhileOperation() {
+            List<String> list = getStreamAfterDropWhileOperation().collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+            assertEquals(5, list.size());
+
+            assertEquals("sssss", list.get(0));
+            assertEquals("sssssss", list.get(2));
+            assertEquals("sssssssss", list.get(list.size() - 1));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static class IterateTest {
+
+        private Stream<Integer> getStream() {
+            return Stream.iterate(0, i -> i < 10, i -> i + 1);
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        public void testIterateOperation() {
+            List<Integer> list = getStream().collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+            assertEquals(10, list.size());
+
+            assertEquals(valueOf(0), list.get(0));
+            assertEquals(valueOf(5), list.get(5));
+            assertEquals(valueOf(9), list.get(list.size() - 1));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public  static class OfNullableTest {
+
+        private List<String> collection = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C");
+        private Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>() {{
+           put("A", 10);
+           put("C", 30);
+        }};
+
+        private Stream<Integer> getStreamWithOfNullable() {
+            return collection.stream()
+                    .flatMap(s -> Stream.ofNullable(map.get(s)));
+        }
+
+        private Stream<Integer> getStream() {
+            return collection.stream()
+                            .flatMap(s -> {
+                                Integer temp = map.get(s);
+                                return temp != null ? Stream.of(temp) : Stream.empty();
+                            });
+        }
+
+        private List<Integer> testOfNullableFrom(Stream<Integer> stream) {
+            List<Integer> list = stream.collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+            assertEquals(2, list.size());
+
+            assertEquals(valueOf(10), list.get(0));
+            assertEquals(valueOf(30), list.get(list.size() - 1));
+
+            return list;
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        public void testOfNullable() {
+
+            assertEquals(
+                    testOfNullableFrom(getStream()),
+                    testOfNullableFrom(getStreamWithOfNullable())
+            );
+
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/equalshashcode/entities/ComplexClass.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package org.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
+package com.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/equalshashcode/entities/PrimitiveClass.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package org.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
+package com.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
 
 public class PrimitiveClass {
 

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/equalshashcode/entities/Rectangle.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package org.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
+package com.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
 
 public class Rectangle extends Shape {
     private double width;

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/equalshashcode/entities/Shape.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package org.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
+package com.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
 
 public abstract class Shape {
     public abstract double area();

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/equalshashcode/entities/Square.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package org.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
+package com.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
 
 import java.awt.Color;
 

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/executable/ExecutableMavenJar.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package org.baeldung.executable;
+package com.baeldung.executable;
 
 import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
 

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/conversion/StringConversion.java

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.conversion;
+
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import com.baeldung.datetime.UseLocalDateTime;
+
+public class StringConversion {
+
+    public static int getInt(String str) {
+        return Integer.parseInt(str);
+    }
+
+    public static int getInteger(String str) {
+        return Integer.valueOf(str);
+    }
+
+    public static long getLongPrimitive(String str) {
+        return Long.parseLong(str);
+    }
+
+    public static Long getLong(String str) {
+        return Long.valueOf(str);
+    }
+
+    public static double getDouble(String str) {
+        return Double.parseDouble(str);
+    }
+
+    public static double getDoublePrimitive(String str) {
+        return Double.valueOf(str);
+    }
+
+    public static byte[] getByteArray(String str) {
+        return str.getBytes();
+    }
+
+    public static char[] getCharArray(String str) {
+        return str.toCharArray();
+    }
+
+    public static boolean getBooleanPrimitive(String str) {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(str);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean getBoolean(String str) {
+        return Boolean.valueOf(str);
+    }
+
+    public static Date getJava6Date(String str, String format) throws ParseException {
+        SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(format);
+        return formatter.parse(str);
+    }
+
+    public static LocalDateTime getJava8Date(String str) throws ParseException {
+        return new UseLocalDateTime().getLocalDateTimeUsingParseMethod(str);
+    }
+}

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/networking/udp/EchoClient.java

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class EchoClient {
     public String sendEcho(String msg) {
         DatagramPacket packet = null;
         try {
-            buf=msg.getBytes();
+            buf = msg.getBytes();
             packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, address, 4445);
             socket.send(packet);
             packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/nio/selector/EchoClient.java

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ public class EchoClient {
         return instance;
     }
 
+    public static void stop() throws IOException {
+        client.close();
+        buffer = null;
+    }
+
     private EchoClient() {
         try {
             client = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 5454));
@@ -42,5 +47,4 @@ public class EchoClient {
         return response;
 
     }
-
 }

core-java/src/main/java/com/baeldung/java/nio/selector/EchoServer.java

@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
 package com.baeldung.java.nio.selector;
 
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
+import java.nio.channels.Selector;
 import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
 import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
-import java.nio.channels.Selector;
-import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.Set;
-import java.io.File;
 
 public class EchoServer {
 
-    public static void main(String[] args)
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
-
-            throws IOException {
         Selector selector = Selector.open();
         ServerSocketChannel serverSocket = ServerSocketChannel.open();
         serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 5454));
@@ -49,7 +47,6 @@ public class EchoServer {
         }
     }
 
-
     public static Process start() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
         String javaHome = System.getProperty("java.home");
         String javaBin = javaHome + File.separator + "bin" + File.separator + "java";

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseLocalDateTimeUnitTest.java

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ public class UseLocalDateTimeUnitTest {
     UseLocalDateTime useLocalDateTime = new UseLocalDateTime();
 
     @Test
-    public void givenString_whenUsingParse_thenLocalDateTime(){
+    public void givenString_whenUsingParse_thenLocalDateTime() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.of(2016, Month.MAY, 10),useLocalDateTime.getLocalDateTimeUsingParseMethod("2016-05-10T06:30").toLocalDate());
+        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.of(2016, Month.MAY, 10), useLocalDateTime.getLocalDateTimeUsingParseMethod("2016-05-10T06:30").toLocalDate());
-        Assert.assertEquals(LocalTime.of(6,30),useLocalDateTime.getLocalDateTimeUsingParseMethod("2016-05-10T06:30").toLocalTime());
+        Assert.assertEquals(LocalTime.of(6, 30), useLocalDateTime.getLocalDateTimeUsingParseMethod("2016-05-10T06:30").toLocalTime());
     }
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseLocalDateUnitTest.java

@@ -12,43 +12,43 @@ public class UseLocalDateUnitTest {
     UseLocalDate useLocalDate = new UseLocalDate();
 
     @Test
-    public void givenValues_whenUsingFactoryOf_thenLocalDate(){
+    public void givenValues_whenUsingFactoryOf_thenLocalDate() {
-        Assert.assertEquals("2016-05-10",useLocalDate.getLocalDateUsingFactoryOfMethod(2016,5,10).toString());
+        Assert.assertEquals("2016-05-10", useLocalDate.getLocalDateUsingFactoryOfMethod(2016, 5, 10).toString());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenString_whenUsingParse_thenLocalDate(){
+    public void givenString_whenUsingParse_thenLocalDate() {
-        Assert.assertEquals("2016-05-10",useLocalDate.getLocalDateUsingParseMethod("2016-05-10").toString());
+        Assert.assertEquals("2016-05-10", useLocalDate.getLocalDateUsingParseMethod("2016-05-10").toString());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenUsingClock_thenLocalDate(){
+    public void whenUsingClock_thenLocalDate() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.now(),useLocalDate.getLocalDateFromClock());
+        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.now(), useLocalDate.getLocalDateFromClock());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenDate_whenUsingPlus_thenNextDay(){
+    public void givenDate_whenUsingPlus_thenNextDay() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.now().plusDays(1),useLocalDate.getNextDay(LocalDate.now()));
+        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.now().plusDays(1), useLocalDate.getNextDay(LocalDate.now()));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenDate_whenUsingMinus_thenPreviousDay(){
+    public void givenDate_whenUsingMinus_thenPreviousDay() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.now().minusDays(1),useLocalDate.getPreviousDay(LocalDate.now()));
+        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDate.now().minusDays(1), useLocalDate.getPreviousDay(LocalDate.now()));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenToday_whenUsingGetDayOfWeek_thenDayOfWeek(){
+    public void givenToday_whenUsingGetDayOfWeek_thenDayOfWeek() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY,useLocalDate.getDayOfWeek(LocalDate.parse("2016-05-22")));
+        Assert.assertEquals(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY, useLocalDate.getDayOfWeek(LocalDate.parse("2016-05-22")));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenToday_whenUsingWithTemporalAdjuster_thenFirstDayOfMonth(){
+    public void givenToday_whenUsingWithTemporalAdjuster_thenFirstDayOfMonth() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(1,useLocalDate.getFirstDayOfMonth().getDayOfMonth());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, useLocalDate.getFirstDayOfMonth().getDayOfMonth());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenLocalDate_whenUsingAtStartOfDay_thenReturnMidnight(){
+    public void givenLocalDate_whenUsingAtStartOfDay_thenReturnMidnight() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDateTime.parse("2016-05-22T00:00:00"),useLocalDate.getStartOfDay(LocalDate.parse("2016-05-22")));
+        Assert.assertEquals(LocalDateTime.parse("2016-05-22T00:00:00"), useLocalDate.getStartOfDay(LocalDate.parse("2016-05-22")));
     }
 
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseLocalTimeUnitTest.java

@@ -10,27 +10,27 @@ public class UseLocalTimeUnitTest {
     UseLocalTime useLocalTime = new UseLocalTime();
 
     @Test
-    public void givenValues_whenUsingFactoryOf_thenLocalTime(){
+    public void givenValues_whenUsingFactoryOf_thenLocalTime() {
-        Assert.assertEquals("07:07:07",useLocalTime.getLocalTimeUsingFactoryOfMethod(7,7,7).toString());
+        Assert.assertEquals("07:07:07", useLocalTime.getLocalTimeUsingFactoryOfMethod(7, 7, 7).toString());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenString_whenUsingParse_thenLocalTime(){
+    public void givenString_whenUsingParse_thenLocalTime() {
-        Assert.assertEquals("06:30",useLocalTime.getLocalTimeUsingParseMethod("06:30").toString());
+        Assert.assertEquals("06:30", useLocalTime.getLocalTimeUsingParseMethod("06:30").toString());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenTime_whenAddHour_thenLocalTime(){
+    public void givenTime_whenAddHour_thenLocalTime() {
-        Assert.assertEquals("07:30",useLocalTime.addAnHour(LocalTime.of(6,30)).toString());
+        Assert.assertEquals("07:30", useLocalTime.addAnHour(LocalTime.of(6, 30)).toString());
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void getHourFromLocalTime(){
+    public void getHourFromLocalTime() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(1, useLocalTime.getHourFromLocalTime(LocalTime.of(1,1)));
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, useLocalTime.getHourFromLocalTime(LocalTime.of(1, 1)));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void getLocalTimeWithMinuteSetToValue(){
+    public void getLocalTimeWithMinuteSetToValue() {
-        Assert.assertEquals(LocalTime.of(10, 20), useLocalTime.getLocalTimeWithMinuteSetToValue(LocalTime.of(10,10), 20));
+        Assert.assertEquals(LocalTime.of(10, 20), useLocalTime.getLocalTimeWithMinuteSetToValue(LocalTime.of(10, 10), 20));
     }
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UsePeriodUnitTest.java

@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@ import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class UsePeriodUnitTest {
-    UsePeriod usingPeriod=new UsePeriod();
+    UsePeriod usingPeriod = new UsePeriod();
 
     @Test
-    public void givenPeriodAndLocalDate_thenCalculateModifiedDate(){
+    public void givenPeriodAndLocalDate_thenCalculateModifiedDate() {
         Period period = Period.ofDays(1);
         LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.parse("2007-05-10");
-        Assert.assertEquals(localDate.plusDays(1),usingPeriod.modifyDates(localDate, period));
+        Assert.assertEquals(localDate.plusDays(1), usingPeriod.modifyDates(localDate, period));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenDates_thenGetPeriod(){
+    public void givenDates_thenGetPeriod() {
         LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.parse("2007-05-10");
         LocalDate localDate2 = LocalDate.parse("2007-05-15");
 

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/datetime/UseZonedDateTimeUnitTest.java

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class UseZonedDateTimeUnitTest {
 
-    UseZonedDateTime zonedDateTime=new UseZonedDateTime();
+    UseZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = new UseZonedDateTime();
 
     @Test
-    public void givenZoneId_thenZonedDateTime(){
+    public void givenZoneId_thenZonedDateTime() {
-        ZoneId zoneId=ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris");
+        ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris");
-        ZonedDateTime zonedDatetime=zonedDateTime.getZonedDateTime(LocalDateTime.parse("2016-05-20T06:30"), zoneId);
+        ZonedDateTime zonedDatetime = zonedDateTime.getZonedDateTime(LocalDateTime.parse("2016-05-20T06:30"), zoneId);
-        Assert.assertEquals(zoneId,ZoneId.from(zonedDatetime));
+        Assert.assertEquals(zoneId, ZoneId.from(zonedDatetime));
     }
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/encoderdecoder/EncoderDecoderUnitTest.java

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ public class EncoderDecoderUnitTest {
         return encoded;
     }
 
-
     private String decode(String value) {
         String decoded = null;
         try {
@@ -59,9 +58,7 @@ public class EncoderDecoderUnitTest {
         requestParams.put("key2", "value@!$2");
         requestParams.put("key3", "value%3");
 
-        String encodedURL = requestParams.keySet().stream()
+        String encodedURL = requestParams.keySet().stream().map(key -> key + "=" + encodeValue(requestParams.get(key))).collect(joining("&", "http://www.baeldung.com?", ""));
-          .map(key -> key + "=" + encodeValue(requestParams.get(key)))
-          .collect(joining("&", "http://www.baeldung.com?", ""));
 
         Assert.assertThat(testUrl, CoreMatchers.is(encodedURL));
     }
@@ -72,12 +69,9 @@ public class EncoderDecoderUnitTest {
 
         String query = url.getQuery();
 
-        String decodedQuery = Arrays.stream(query.split("&"))
+        String decodedQuery = Arrays.stream(query.split("&")).map(param -> param.split("=")[0] + "=" + decode(param.split("=")[1])).collect(joining("&"));
-          .map(param -> param.split("=")[0] + "=" + decode(param.split("=")[1]))
-          .collect(joining("&"));
 
-        Assert.assertEquals(
+        Assert.assertEquals("http://www.baeldung.com?key1=value 1&key2=value@!$2&key3=value%3", url.getProtocol() + "://" + url.getHost() + "?" + decodedQuery);
-          "http://www.baeldung.com?key1=value 1&key2=value@!$2&key3=value%3", url.getProtocol() + "://" + url.getHost() + "?" + decodedQuery);
     }
 
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/enums/PizzaUnitTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.enums;
 
-
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/hexToAscii/HexToAscii.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package com.baeldung.hexToAscii;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class HexToAscii {
+
+    @Test
+    public static void whenHexToAscii() {
+        String asciiString = "http://www.baeldung.com/jackson-serialize-dates";
+        String hexEquivalent = "687474703a2f2f7777772e6261656c64756e672e636f6d2f6a61636b736f6e2d73657269616c697a652d6461746573";
+
+        assertEquals(asciiString, hexToAscii(hexEquivalent));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public static void whenAsciiToHex() {
+        String asciiString = "http://www.baeldung.com/jackson-serialize-dates";
+        String hexEquivalent = "687474703a2f2f7777772e6261656c64756e672e636f6d2f6a61636b736f6e2d73657269616c697a652d6461746573";
+
+        assertEquals(hexEquivalent, asciiToHex(asciiString));
+    }
+
+    //
+
+    private static String asciiToHex(String asciiStr) {
+        char[] chars = asciiStr.toCharArray();
+        StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder();
+        for (char ch : chars) {
+            hex.append(Integer.toHexString((int) ch));
+        }
+
+        return hex.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String hexToAscii(String hexStr) {
+        StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder("");
+        for (int i = 0; i < hexStr.length(); i += 2) {
+            String str = hexStr.substring(i, i + 2);
+            output.append((char) Integer.parseInt(str, 16));
+        }
+        return output.toString();
+    }
+
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/networking/interfaces/NetworkInterfaceManualTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package com.baeldung.java.networking.interfaces;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.net.*;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class NetworkInterfaceManualTest {
+    @Test
+    public void givenName_whenReturnsNetworkInterface_thenCorrect() throws SocketException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+        assertNotNull(nif);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInExistentName_whenReturnsNull_thenCorrect() throws SocketException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("inexistent_name");
+        assertNull(nif);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenIP_whenReturnsNetworkInterface_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        byte[] ip = new byte[] { 127, 0, 0, 1 };
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(InetAddress.getByAddress(ip));
+        assertNotNull(nif);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenHostName_whenReturnsNetworkInterface_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(InetAddress.getByName("localhost"));
+        assertNotNull(nif);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenLocalHost_whenReturnsNetworkInterface_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(InetAddress.getLocalHost());
+        assertNotNull(nif);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenLoopBack_whenReturnsNetworkInterface_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(InetAddress.getLoopbackAddress());
+        assertNotNull(nif);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenIndex_whenReturnsNetworkInterface_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByIndex(0);
+        assertNotNull(nif);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenReturnsInetAddresses_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+        Enumeration<InetAddress> addressEnum = nif.getInetAddresses();
+        InetAddress address = addressEnum.nextElement();
+        assertEquals("127.0.0.1", address.getHostAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenReturnsInterfaceAddresses_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+
+        List<InterfaceAddress> addressEnum = nif.getInterfaceAddresses();
+        InterfaceAddress address = addressEnum.get(0);
+        InetAddress localAddress = address.getAddress();
+        InetAddress broadCastAddress = address.getBroadcast();
+        assertEquals("127.0.0.1", localAddress.getHostAddress());
+        assertEquals("127.255.255.255", broadCastAddress.getHostAddress());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenChecksIfLoopback_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+        assertTrue(nif.isLoopback());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenChecksIfUp_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+        assertTrue(nif.isUp());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenChecksIfPointToPoint_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+        assertFalse(nif.isPointToPoint());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenChecksIfVirtual_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+        assertFalse(nif.isVirtual());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenChecksMulticastSupport_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+        assertTrue(nif.supportsMulticast());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenGetsMacAddress_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("lo");
+        byte[] bytes = nif.getHardwareAddress();
+        assertNotNull(bytes);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void givenInterface_whenGetsMTU_thenCorrect() throws SocketException, UnknownHostException {
+        NetworkInterface nif = NetworkInterface.getByName("net0");
+        int mtu = nif.getMTU();
+        assertEquals(1500, mtu);
+    }
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/networking/udp/UDPIntegrationTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.baeldung.java.networking.udp;
 
-
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/nio/selector/NioEchoIntegrationTest.java

@@ -4,19 +4,32 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class NioEchoIntegrationTest {
 
+    Process server;
+    EchoClient client;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        server = EchoServer.start();
+        client = EchoClient.start();
+    }
+
     @Test
-    public void givenClient_whenServerEchosMessage_thenCorrect() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    public void givenServerClient_whenServerEchosMessage_thenCorrect() {
-        Process process = EchoServer.start();
-        EchoClient client = EchoClient.start();
         String resp1 = client.sendMessage("hello");
         String resp2 = client.sendMessage("world");
         assertEquals("hello", resp1);
         assertEquals("world", resp2);
+    }
 
-        process.destroy();
+    @After
+    public void teardown() throws IOException {
+        server.destroy();
+        EchoClient.stop();
     }
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/nio2/FileTest.java

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.file.CopyOption;
 import java.nio.file.DirectoryNotEmptyException;
 import java.nio.file.FileAlreadyExistsException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ import java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
-import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.UUID;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ public class FileTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenExistentDirPath_whenConfirmsNotRegularFile_thenCorrect() {
+    public void givenDirPath_whenConfirmsNotRegularFile_thenCorrect() {
         Path p = Paths.get(HOME);
         assertFalse(Files.isRegularFile(p));
     }
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ public class FileTest {
     // creating file
     @Test
     public void givenFilePath_whenCreatesNewFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        String fileName = "myfile_" + new Date().getTime() + ".txt";
+        String fileName = "myfile_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + ".txt";
         Path p = Paths.get(HOME + "/" + fileName);
         assertFalse(Files.exists(p));
         Files.createFile(p);
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ public class FileTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenDirPath_whenCreatesNewDir_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        String dirName = "myDir_" + new Date().getTime();
+        String dirName = "myDir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
         Path p = Paths.get(HOME + "/" + dirName);
         assertFalse(Files.exists(p));
         Files.createDirectory(p);
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ public class FileTest {
 
     @Test(expected = NoSuchFileException.class)
     public void givenDirPath_whenFailsToCreateRecursively_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        String dirName = "myDir_" + new Date().getTime() + "/subdir";
+        String dirName = "myDir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "/subdir";
         Path p = Paths.get(HOME + "/" + dirName);
         assertFalse(Files.exists(p));
         Files.createDirectory(p);
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ public class FileTest {
 
     @Test
     public void givenDirPath_whenCreatesRecursively_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        Path dir = Paths.get(HOME + "/myDir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir = Paths.get(HOME + "/myDir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
         Path subdir = dir.resolve("subdir");
         assertFalse(Files.exists(dir));
         assertFalse(Files.exists(subdir));
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ public class FileTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void givenFilePath_whenCreatesTempFileWithDefaultsNaming_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
+    public void givenPath_whenCreatesTempFileWithDefaults_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
         Path p = Paths.get(HOME + "/");
         p = Files.createTempFile(p, null, null);
         // like 8600179353689423985.tmp
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ public class FileTest {
 
     @Test(expected = DirectoryNotEmptyException.class)
     public void givenPath_whenFailsToDeleteNonEmptyDir_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        Path dir = Paths.get(HOME + "/emptyDir" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir = Paths.get(HOME + "/emptyDir" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
         Files.createDirectory(dir);
         assertTrue(Files.exists(dir));
         Path file = dir.resolve("file.txt");
@@ -159,15 +158,11 @@ public class FileTest {
 
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test(expected = NoSuchFileException.class)
     public void givenInexistentFile_whenDeleteFails_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
         Path p = Paths.get(HOME + "/inexistentFile.txt");
         assertFalse(Files.exists(p));
-        try {
+        Files.delete(p);
-            Files.delete(p);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            assertTrue(e instanceof NoSuchFileException);
-        }
 
     }
 
@@ -182,8 +177,8 @@ public class FileTest {
     // copy file
     @Test
     public void givenFilePath_whenCopiesToNewLocation_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        Path dir1 = Paths.get(HOME + "/firstdir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir1 = Paths.get(HOME + "/firstdir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
-        Path dir2 = Paths.get(HOME + "/otherdir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir2 = Paths.get(HOME + "/otherdir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
         Files.createDirectory(dir1);
         Files.createDirectory(dir2);
         Path file1 = dir1.resolve("filetocopy.txt");
@@ -198,8 +193,8 @@ public class FileTest {
 
     @Test(expected = FileAlreadyExistsException.class)
     public void givenPath_whenCopyFailsDueToExistingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        Path dir1 = Paths.get(HOME + "/firstdir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir1 = Paths.get(HOME + "/firstdir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
-        Path dir2 = Paths.get(HOME + "/otherdir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir2 = Paths.get(HOME + "/otherdir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
         Files.createDirectory(dir1);
         Files.createDirectory(dir2);
         Path file1 = dir1.resolve("filetocopy.txt");
@@ -215,8 +210,8 @@ public class FileTest {
     // moving files
     @Test
     public void givenFilePath_whenMovesToNewLocation_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        Path dir1 = Paths.get(HOME + "/firstdir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir1 = Paths.get(HOME + "/firstdir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
-        Path dir2 = Paths.get(HOME + "/otherdir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir2 = Paths.get(HOME + "/otherdir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
         Files.createDirectory(dir1);
         Files.createDirectory(dir2);
         Path file1 = dir1.resolve("filetocopy.txt");
@@ -232,8 +227,8 @@ public class FileTest {
 
     @Test(expected = FileAlreadyExistsException.class)
     public void givenFilePath_whenMoveFailsDueToExistingFile_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
-        Path dir1 = Paths.get(HOME + "/firstdir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir1 = Paths.get(HOME + "/firstdir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
-        Path dir2 = Paths.get(HOME + "/otherdir_" + new Date().getTime());
+        Path dir2 = Paths.get(HOME + "/otherdir_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString());
         Files.createDirectory(dir1);
         Files.createDirectory(dir2);
         Path file1 = dir1.resolve("filetocopy.txt");
@@ -247,4 +242,5 @@ public class FileTest {
         assertTrue(Files.exists(file2));
         assertFalse(Files.exists(file1));
     }
+
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java/nio2/PathManualTest.java

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import java.util.Date;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 
-public class PathTest {
+public class PathManualTest {
 
     private static final String HOME = System.getProperty("user.home");
 

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8ForEachTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.java8;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class Java8ForEachTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void compareForEachMethods_thenPrintResults() {
+
+        List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
+        names.add("Larry");
+        names.add("Steve");
+        names.add("James");
+        names.add("Conan");
+        names.add("Ellen");
+
+        // Java 5 - for-loop
+        System.out.println("--- Enhanced for-loop ---");
+        for (String name : names) {
+            System.out.println(name);
+        }
+
+        // Java 8 - forEach
+        System.out.println("--- forEach method ---");
+        names.forEach(name -> System.out.println(name));
+
+        // Anonymous inner class that implements Consumer interface
+        System.out.println("--- Anonymous inner class ---");
+        names.forEach(new Consumer<String>() {
+            public void accept(String name) {
+                System.out.println(name);
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Create a Consumer implementation to then use in a forEach method
+        Consumer<String> consumerNames = name -> {
+            System.out.println(name);
+        };
+        System.out.println("--- Implementation of Consumer interface ---");
+        names.forEach(consumerNames);
+
+        // Print elements using a Method Reference
+        System.out.println("--- Method Reference ---");
+        names.forEach(System.out::println);
+
+    }
+
+}

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8StreamApiUnitTest.java

@@ -27,18 +27,14 @@ public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
 
     @Before
     public void init() {
-        productList = Arrays.asList(
+        productList = Arrays.asList(new Product(23, "potatoes"), new Product(14, "orange"), new Product(13, "lemon"), new Product(23, "bread"), new Product(13, "sugar"));
-                new Product(23, "potatoes"), new Product(14, "orange"),
-                new Product(13, "lemon"), new Product(23, "bread"),
-                new Product(13, "sugar"));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void checkPipeline_whenStreamOneElementShorter_thenCorrect() {
 
         List<String> list = Arrays.asList("abc1", "abc2", "abc3");
-        long size = list.stream().skip(1)
+        long size = list.stream().skip(1).map(element -> element.substring(0, 3)).count();
-                .map(element -> element.substring(0, 3)).count();
         assertEquals(list.size() - 1, size);
     }
 
@@ -48,11 +44,10 @@ public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
         List<String> list = Arrays.asList("abc1", "abc2", "abc3");
 
         counter = 0;
-        long sizeFirst = list.stream()
+        long sizeFirst = list.stream().skip(2).map(element -> {
-                .skip(2).map(element -> {
+            wasCalled();
-                    wasCalled();
+            return element.substring(0, 3);
-                    return element.substring(0, 3);
+        }).count();
-                }).count();
         assertEquals(1, counter);
 
         counter = 0;
@@ -84,7 +79,7 @@ public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
         Stream<String> streamOfArray = Stream.of("a", "b", "c");
         assertEquals(3, streamOfArray.count());
 
-        String[] arr = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
+        String[] arr = new String[] { "a", "b", "c" };
         Stream<String> streamOfArrayPart = Arrays.stream(arr, 1, 3);
         assertEquals(2, streamOfArrayPart.count());
 
@@ -112,7 +107,7 @@ public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
         }
         assertEquals("a", streamOfStrings.findFirst().get());
 
-        Stream<String> streamBuilder = Stream.<String>builder().add("a").add("b").add("c").build();
+        Stream<String> streamBuilder = Stream.<String> builder().add("a").add("b").add("c").build();
         assertEquals(3, streamBuilder.count());
 
         Stream<String> streamGenerated = Stream.generate(() -> "element").limit(10);
@@ -126,14 +121,13 @@ public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
     public void runStreamPipeline_whenOrderIsRight_thenCorrect() {
 
         List<String> list = Arrays.asList("abc1", "abc2", "abc3");
-        Optional<String> stream = list.stream()
+        Optional<String> stream = list.stream().filter(element -> {
-                .filter(element -> {
+            log.info("filter() was called");
-                    log.info("filter() was called");
+            return element.contains("2");
-                    return element.contains("2");
+        }).map(element -> {
-                }).map(element -> {
+            log.info("map() was called");
-                    log.info("map() was called");
+            return element.toUpperCase();
-                    return element.toUpperCase();
+        }).findFirst();
-                }).findFirst();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -145,32 +139,28 @@ public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
         int reducedTwoParams = IntStream.range(1, 4).reduce(10, (a, b) -> a + b);
         assertEquals(16, reducedTwoParams);
 
-        int reducedThreeParams = Stream.of(1, 2, 3)
+        int reducedThreeParams = Stream.of(1, 2, 3).reduce(10, (a, b) -> a + b, (a, b) -> {
-                .reduce(10, (a, b) -> a + b, (a, b) -> {
+            log.info("combiner was called");
-                    log.info("combiner was called");
+            return a + b;
-                    return a + b;
+        });
-                });
         assertEquals(16, reducedThreeParams);
 
-        int reducedThreeParamsParallel = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3).parallelStream()
+        int reducedThreeParamsParallel = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3).parallelStream().reduce(10, (a, b) -> a + b, (a, b) -> {
-                .reduce(10, (a, b) -> a + b, (a, b) -> {
+            log.info("combiner was called");
-                    log.info("combiner was called");
+            return a + b;
-                    return a + b;
+        });
-                });
         assertEquals(36, reducedThreeParamsParallel);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void collecting_whenAsExpected_thenCorrect() {
 
-        List<String> collectorCollection = productList.stream()
+        List<String> collectorCollection = productList.stream().map(Product::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
-                .map(Product::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
 
         assertTrue(collectorCollection instanceof List);
         assertEquals(5, collectorCollection.size());
 
-        String listToString = productList.stream().map(Product::getName)
+        String listToString = productList.stream().map(Product::getName).collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "[", "]"));
-                .collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "[", "]"));
 
         assertTrue(listToString.contains(",") && listToString.contains("[") && listToString.contains("]"));
 
@@ -180,36 +170,29 @@ public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
         int summingPrice = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.summingInt(Product::getPrice));
         assertEquals(86, summingPrice);
 
-        IntSummaryStatistics statistics = productList.stream()
+        IntSummaryStatistics statistics = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingInt(Product::getPrice));
-                .collect(Collectors.summarizingInt(Product::getPrice));
         assertEquals(23, statistics.getMax());
 
-        Map<Integer, List<Product>> collectorMapOfLists = productList.stream()
+        Map<Integer, List<Product>> collectorMapOfLists = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Product::getPrice));
-                .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Product::getPrice));
         assertEquals(3, collectorMapOfLists.keySet().size());
 
-        Map<Boolean, List<Product>> mapPartioned = productList.stream()
+        Map<Boolean, List<Product>> mapPartioned = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(element -> element.getPrice() > 15));
-                .collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(element -> element.getPrice() > 15));
         assertEquals(2, mapPartioned.keySet().size());
 
     }
 
     @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
     public void collect_whenThrows_thenCorrect() {
-        Set<Product> unmodifiableSet = productList.stream()
+        Set<Product> unmodifiableSet = productList.stream().collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(), Collections::unmodifiableSet));
-                .collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toSet(),
-                        Collections::unmodifiableSet));
         unmodifiableSet.add(new Product(4, "tea"));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void customCollector_whenResultContainsAllElementsFrSource_thenCorrect() {
-        Collector<Product, ?, LinkedList<Product>> toLinkedList =
+        Collector<Product, ?, LinkedList<Product>> toLinkedList = Collector.of(LinkedList::new, LinkedList::add, (first, second) -> {
-                Collector.of(LinkedList::new, LinkedList::add,
+            first.addAll(second);
-                        (first, second) -> {
+            return first;
-                            first.addAll(second);
+        });
-                            return first;
-                        });
 
         LinkedList<Product> linkedListOfPersons = productList.stream().collect(toLinkedList);
         assertTrue(linkedListOfPersons.containsAll(productList));
@@ -219,23 +202,20 @@ public class Java8StreamApiUnitTest {
     public void parallelStream_whenWorks_thenCorrect() {
         Stream<Product> streamOfCollection = productList.parallelStream();
         boolean isParallel = streamOfCollection.isParallel();
-        boolean haveBigPrice = streamOfCollection.map(product -> product.getPrice() * 12)
+        boolean haveBigPrice = streamOfCollection.map(product -> product.getPrice() * 12).anyMatch(price -> price > 200);
-                .anyMatch(price -> price > 200);
         assertTrue(isParallel && haveBigPrice);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void parallel_whenIsParallel_thenCorrect() {
-        IntStream intStreamParallel =
+        IntStream intStreamParallel = IntStream.range(1, 150).parallel().map(element -> element * 34);
-                IntStream.range(1, 150).parallel().map(element -> element * 34);
         boolean isParallel = intStreamParallel.isParallel();
         assertTrue(isParallel);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void parallel_whenIsSequential_thenCorrect() {
-        IntStream intStreamParallel =
+        IntStream intStreamParallel = IntStream.range(1, 150).parallel().map(element -> element * 34);
-                IntStream.range(1, 150).parallel().map(element -> element * 34);
         IntStream intStreamSequential = intStreamParallel.sequential();
         boolean isParallel = intStreamParallel.isParallel();
         assertFalse(isParallel);

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/java8/Java8StreamsUnitTest.java

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class Java8StreamsUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void checkStreamCount_whenCreating_givenDifferentSources() {
-        String[] arr = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};
+        String[] arr = new String[] { "a", "b", "c" };
         Stream<String> streamArr = Arrays.stream(arr);
         assertEquals(streamArr.count(), 3);
 
@@ -47,14 +47,12 @@ public class Java8StreamsUnitTest {
         assertEquals(count, 9);
     }
 
-
     @Test
     public void checkStreamCount_whenOperationFilter_thanCorrect() {
         Stream<String> streamFilter = list.stream().filter(element -> element.isEmpty());
         assertEquals(streamFilter.count(), 2);
     }
 
-
     @Test
     public void checkStreamCount_whenOperationMap_thanCorrect() {
         List<String> uris = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -65,12 +63,10 @@ public class Java8StreamsUnitTest {
         List<Detail> details = new ArrayList<>();
         details.add(new Detail());
         details.add(new Detail());
-        Stream<String> streamFlatMap = details.stream()
+        Stream<String> streamFlatMap = details.stream().flatMap(detail -> detail.getParts().stream());
-                .flatMap(detail -> detail.getParts().stream());
         assertEquals(streamFlatMap.count(), 4);
     }
 
-
     @Test
     public void checkStreamCount_whenOperationMatch_thenCorrect() {
         boolean isValid = list.stream().anyMatch(element -> element.contains("h"));
@@ -81,7 +77,6 @@ public class Java8StreamsUnitTest {
         assertFalse(isValidTwo);
     }
 
-
     @Test
     public void checkStreamReducedValue_whenOperationReduce_thenCorrect() {
         List<Integer> integers = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -94,20 +89,17 @@ public class Java8StreamsUnitTest {
 
     @Test
     public void checkStreamContains_whenOperationCollect_thenCorrect() {
-        List<String> resultList = list.stream()
+        List<String> resultList = list.stream().map(element -> element.toUpperCase()).collect(Collectors.toList());
-                .map(element -> element.toUpperCase())
-                .collect(Collectors.toList());
         assertEquals(resultList.size(), list.size());
         assertTrue(resultList.contains(""));
     }
 
-
     @Test
     public void checkParallelStream_whenDoWork() {
         list.parallelStream().forEach(element -> doWork(element));
     }
 
     private void doWork(String string) {
-        assertTrue(true); //just imitate an amount of work
+        assertTrue(true); // just imitate an amount of work
     }
 }

core-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/threadpool/GuavaThreadPoolIntegrationTest.java

@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ public class GuavaThreadPoolIntegrationTest {
         ListenableFuture<String> future1 = listeningExecutorService.submit(() -> "Hello");
         ListenableFuture<String> future2 = listeningExecutorService.submit(() -> "World");
 
-        String greeting = Futures.allAsList(future1, future2).get()
+        String greeting = Futures.allAsList(future1, future2).get().stream().collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
-                .stream()
-                .collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
         assertEquals("Hello World", greeting);
 
     }

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/equalshashcode/entities/ComplexClassUnitTest.java

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import java.util.List;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import com.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities.ComplexClass;
+
 public class ComplexClassUnitTest {
 
     @Test

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/equalshashcode/entities/PrimitiveClassUnitTest.java

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package org.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import com.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities.PrimitiveClass;
+
 public class PrimitiveClassUnitTest {
 
     @Test

core-java/src/test/java/org/baeldung/equalshashcode/entities/SquareClassUnitTest.java

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import java.awt.Color;
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
+import com.baeldung.equalshashcode.entities.Square;
+
 public class SquareClassUnitTest {
 
     @Test

enterprise-patterns/intercepting-filter-pattern/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enterprise/patterns/front/controller/filters/AuditFilter.java

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.enterprise.patterns.front.controller.filters;
-
-import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
-import javax.servlet.ServletException;
-import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
-import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
-import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
-import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-public class AuditFilter extends BaseFilter {
-    @Override
-    public void doFilter(
-      ServletRequest request,
-      ServletResponse response,
-      FilterChain chain
-    ) throws IOException, ServletException {
-        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
-        HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession(false);
-        if (session != null && session.getAttribute("username") != null) {
-            request.setAttribute("username", session.getAttribute("username"));
-        }
-        chain.doFilter(request, response);
-    }
-}

enterprise-patterns/intercepting-filter-pattern/src/main/java/com/baeldung/enterprise/patterns/front/controller/filters/VisitorCounterFilter.java

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package com.baeldung.enterprise.patterns.front.controller.filters;
-
-import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
-import javax.servlet.ServletException;
-import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
-import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
-import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-@WebFilter(servletNames = "front-controller")
-public class VisitorCounterFilter extends BaseFilter {
-    private int counter;
-
-    @Override
-    public void doFilter(
-      ServletRequest request,
-      ServletResponse response,
-      FilterChain chain
-    ) throws IOException, ServletException {
-        request.setAttribute("counter", ++counter);
-        chain.doFilter(request, response);
-    }
-}

patterns/intercepting-filter/src/main/java/com/baeldung/patterns/intercepting/filter/commands/LoginCommand.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.baeldung.patterns.intercepting.filter.commands;
 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 public class LoginCommand extends FrontCommand {
     @Override
@@ -12,10 +13,8 @@ public class LoginCommand extends FrontCommand {
             session.setAttribute("username", request.getParameter("username"));
             response.sendRedirect(request.getParameter("redirect"));
         } else {
-            String queryString = request.getQueryString();
+            String queryString = Optional.ofNullable(request.getQueryString())
-            if (queryString == null) {
+              .orElse("command=Home");
-                queryString = "command=Home";
-            }
             request.setAttribute("redirect", request.getRequestURL()
               .append("?").append(queryString).toString());
             forward("login");

patterns/intercepting-filter/src/main/java/com/baeldung/patterns/intercepting/filter/commands/LogoutCommand.java

@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@ package com.baeldung.patterns.intercepting.filter.commands;
 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 public class LogoutCommand extends FrontCommand {
     @Override
     public void process() throws ServletException, IOException {
         super.process();
-        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
+        Optional.ofNullable(request.getSession(false))
-        session.removeAttribute("username");
+          .ifPresent(session -> {
-        session.removeAttribute("order");
+              session.removeAttribute("username");
+              session.removeAttribute("order");
+          });
         response.sendRedirect("/?command=Home");
     }
 }

patterns/intercepting-filter/src/main/java/com/baeldung/patterns/intercepting/filter/commands/OrderCommand.java

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import com.baeldung.patterns.intercepting.filter.data.OrderImpl;
 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 public class OrderCommand extends FrontCommand {
     @Override
@@ -15,11 +16,10 @@ public class OrderCommand extends FrontCommand {
         super.process();
         if (request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
             HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
-            Order order = (Order) session.getAttribute("order");
+            Order order = Optional
-            if (order == null) {
+              .ofNullable(session.getAttribute("order"))
-                String username = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
+              .map(Order.class::cast)
-                order = new OrderImpl(username);
+              .orElseGet(() -> new OrderImpl((String) session.getAttribute("username")));
-            }
             Bookshelf bookshelf = (Bookshelf) request.getServletContext()
               .getAttribute("bookshelf");
             String isbn = request.getParameter("isbn");

patterns/intercepting-filter/src/main/java/com/baeldung/patterns/intercepting/filter/filters/EncodingFilter.java

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import javax.servlet.*;
 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 @WebFilter(
   servletNames = {"intercepting-filter"},
@@ -24,10 +25,9 @@ public class EncodingFilter extends BaseFilter {
       ServletResponse response,
       FilterChain chain
     ) throws IOException, ServletException {
-        String encoding = request.getParameter("encoding");
+        String encoding = Optional
-        if (encoding == null) {
+          .ofNullable(request.getParameter("encoding"))
-            encoding = this.encoding;
+          .orElse(this.encoding);
-        }
         response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
         chain.doFilter(request, response);
     }

patterns/intercepting-filter/src/main/java/com/baeldung/patterns/intercepting/filter/filters/LoggingFilter.java

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 @WebFilter(servletNames = "intercepting-filter")
 public class LoggingFilter extends BaseFilter {
@@ -23,10 +24,10 @@ public class LoggingFilter extends BaseFilter {
     ) throws IOException, ServletException {
         chain.doFilter(request, response);
         HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
-        String username = (String) httpServletRequest.getAttribute("username");
+        String username = Optional
-        if (username == null) {
+          .ofNullable(httpServletRequest.getAttribute("username"))
-            username = "guest";
+          .map(Object::toString)
-        }
+          .orElse("guest");
         log.info("Request from '{}@{}': {}?{}", username, request.getRemoteAddr(),
           httpServletRequest.getRequestURI(), request.getParameterMap());
     }

patterns/intercepting-filter/src/main/java/com/baeldung/patterns/intercepting/filter/filters/VisitorCounterFilter.java

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 public class VisitorCounterFilter implements Filter {
@@ -21,8 +22,9 @@ public class VisitorCounterFilter implements Filter {
       FilterChain chain
     ) throws IOException, ServletException {
         HttpSession session = ((HttpServletRequest) request).getSession(false);
-        String username = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
+        Optional.ofNullable(session.getAttribute("username"))
-        users.add(username);
+          .map(Object::toString)
+          .ifPresent(users::add);
         request.setAttribute("counter", users.size());
         chain.doFilter(request, response);
     }

pdf/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target/

pdf/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<project
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	<parent>
+		<groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+		<artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+		<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	</parent>
+	<artifactId>pdf</artifactId>
+	<name>pdf</name>
+	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
+
+	<properties>
+		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+		<maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.5.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
+	</properties>
+
+	<dependencies>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>junit</groupId>
+			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
+			<version>3.8.1</version>
+			<scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.apache.pdfbox</groupId>
+			<artifactId>pdfbox-tools</artifactId>
+			<version>2.0.3</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>net.sf.cssbox</groupId>
+			<artifactId>pdf2dom</artifactId>
+			<version>1.6</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId>
+			<artifactId>itextpdf</artifactId>
+			<version>5.5.10</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
+			<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
+			<version>3.15</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
+			<artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
+			<version>3.15</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.apache.xmlgraphics</groupId>
+			<artifactId>batik-transcoder</artifactId>
+			<version>1.8</version>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
+			<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
+			<version>3.15</version>
+		</dependency>
+	</dependencies>
+
+	<build>
+		<finalName>pdf</finalName>
+		<resources>
+			<resource>
+				<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
+				<filtering>true</filtering>
+			</resource>
+		</resources>
+
+		<plugins>
+
+			<plugin>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+				<version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>
+				<configuration>
+					<source>1.8</source>
+					<target>1.8</target>
+				</configuration>
+			</plugin>
+
+		</plugins>
+	</build>
+</project>

pdf/src/main/java/com/baeldung/pdf/PDF2HTMLExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.pdf;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+
+import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.fit.pdfdom.PDFDomTree;
+
+public class PDF2HTMLExample {
+
+	private static final String FILENAME = "src/main/resources/pdf.pdf";
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) {
+		try {
+			generateHTMLFromPDF(FILENAME);
+		} catch (IOException | ParserConfigurationException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static void generateHTMLFromPDF(String filename) throws ParserConfigurationException, IOException {
+		PDDocument pdf = PDDocument.load(new File(filename));
+		PDFDomTree parser = new PDFDomTree();
+		Writer output = new PrintWriter("src/output/pdf.html", "utf-8");
+		parser.writeText(pdf, output);
+		output.close();
+		if (pdf != null) {
+			pdf.close();
+		}
+	}
+}

pdf/src/main/java/com/baeldung/pdf/PDF2ImageExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package com.baeldung.pdf;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.rendering.ImageType;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.rendering.PDFRenderer;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.tools.imageio.ImageIOUtil;
+
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class PDF2ImageExample {
+
+	private static final String FILENAME = "src/main/resources/pdf.pdf";
+	
+	public static void main(String[] args) {
+		try {
+			generateImageFromPDF(FILENAME, "png");
+			generateImageFromPDF(FILENAME, "jpeg");
+			generateImageFromPDF(FILENAME, "gif");
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static void generateImageFromPDF(String filename, String extension) throws IOException {
+		PDDocument document = PDDocument.load(new File(filename));
+		PDFRenderer pdfRenderer = new PDFRenderer(document);
+		for (int page = 0; page < document.getNumberOfPages(); ++page) {
+			BufferedImage bim = pdfRenderer.renderImageWithDPI(page, 300, ImageType.RGB);
+			ImageIOUtil.writeImage(bim, String.format("src/output/pdf-%d.%s", page + 1, extension), 300);
+		}
+		document.close();
+	}
+}

pdf/src/main/java/com/baeldung/pdf/PDF2TextExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.baeldung.pdf;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+import org.apache.pdfbox.cos.COSDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdfparser.PDFParser;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.apache.pdfbox.text.PDFTextStripper;
+
+public class PDF2TextExample {
+
+	private static final String FILENAME = "src/main/resources/pdf.pdf";
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) {
+		try {
+			generateTxtFromPDF(FILENAME);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static void generateTxtFromPDF(String filename) throws IOException {
+		File f = new File(filename);
+		String parsedText;
+		PDFParser parser = new PDFParser(new RandomAccessFile(f, "r"));
+		parser.parse();
+
+		COSDocument cosDoc = parser.getDocument();
+
+		PDFTextStripper pdfStripper = new PDFTextStripper();
+		PDDocument pdDoc = new PDDocument(cosDoc);
+
+		parsedText = pdfStripper.getText(pdDoc);
+
+		if (cosDoc != null)
+			cosDoc.close();
+		if (pdDoc != null)
+			pdDoc.close();
+
+		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter("src/output/pdf.txt");
+		pw.print(parsedText);
+		pw.close();
+	}
+
+}

pdf/src/main/java/com/baeldung/pdf/PDF2WordExample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.baeldung.pdf;
+
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.BreakType;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;
+import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFRun;
+
+import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfReader;
+import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.PdfReaderContentParser;
+import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.SimpleTextExtractionStrategy;
+import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.TextExtractionStrategy;
+
+public class PDF2WordExample {
+
+	private static final String FILENAME = "src/main/resources/pdf.pdf";
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) {
+		try {
+			generateDocFromPDF(FILENAME);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static void generateDocFromPDF(String filename) throws IOException {
+		XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument();
+
+		String pdf = filename;
+		PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(pdf);
+		PdfReaderContentParser parser = new PdfReaderContentParser(reader);
+
+		for (int i = 1; i <= reader.getNumberOfPages(); i++) {
+			TextExtractionStrategy strategy = parser.processContent(i, new SimpleTextExtractionStrategy());
+			String text = strategy.getResultantText();
+			XWPFParagraph p = doc.createParagraph();
+			XWPFRun run = p.createRun();
+			run.setText(text);
+			run.addBreak(BreakType.PAGE);
+		}
+		FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("src/output/pdf.docx");
+		doc.write(out);
+		out.close();
+		reader.close();
+		doc.close();
+	}
+
+}

pom.xml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
     <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
         <module>spring-data-neo4j</module>
         <module>spring-data-redis</module>
         <module>spring-data-rest</module>
+        <module>spring-dispatcher-servlet</module>
         <module>spring-exceptions</module>
         <module>spring-freemarker</module>
         <module>spring-hibernate3</module>
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@
         <module>spring-security-rest-full</module>
         <module>spring-security-rest</module>        
         <module>spring-security-x509</module>
+        <module>spring-session</module>
         <module>spring-spel</module>
         <module>spring-thymeleaf</module>
         <module>spring-userservice</module>
@@ -143,6 +145,7 @@
         <module>xml</module>
         <module>xmlunit2</module>
         <module>xstream</module>
-    </modules>
+    <module>pdf</module>
+  </modules>
 
 </project>

spring-cloud/pom.xml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
         <module>spring-cloud-eureka</module>
         <module>spring-cloud-hystrix</module>
         <module>spring-cloud-bootstrap</module>
+        <module>spring-cloud-ribbon-client</module>
     </modules>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
 

spring-cloud/spring-cloud-ribbon-client/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	<groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+	<artifactId>spring-cloud-ribbon</artifactId>
+	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<packaging>jar</packaging>
+	<name>spring-cloud-ribbon-client</name>
+	<description>Introduction to Spring Cloud Rest Client with Netflix Ribbon</description>
+
+	<parent>
+		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
+		<version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
+		<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
+	</parent>
+
+	<properties>
+		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
+	</properties>
+
+	<dependencies>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
+			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
+
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
+	</dependencies>
+
+	<dependencyManagement>
+		<dependencies>
+			<dependency>
+				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
+				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
+				<version>Camden.SR1</version>
+				<type>pom</type>
+				<scope>import</scope>
+			</dependency>
+		</dependencies>
+	</dependencyManagement>
+
+	<build>
+		<plugins>
+			<plugin>
+				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+			</plugin>
+		</plugins>
+	</build>
+
+	<repositories>
+		<repository>
+			<id>spring-snapshots</id>
+			<name>Spring Snapshots</name>
+			<url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
+			<snapshots>
+				<enabled>true</enabled>
+			</snapshots>
+		</repository>
+		<repository>
+			<id>spring-milestones</id>
+			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
+			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
+			<snapshots>
+				<enabled>false</enabled>
+			</snapshots>
+		</repository>
+	</repositories>
+</project>

spring-cloud/spring-cloud-ribbon-client/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/cloud/ribbon/client/RibbonConfiguration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.cloud.ribbon.client;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+
+import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig;
+import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IPing;
+import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
+import com.netflix.loadbalancer.PingUrl;
+import com.netflix.loadbalancer.WeightedResponseTimeRule;
+import com.netflix.loadbalancer.AvailabilityFilteringRule;
+
+public class RibbonConfiguration {
+
+    @Autowired
+    IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig;
+
+    @Bean
+    public IPing ribbonPing(IClientConfig config) {
+        return new PingUrl();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public IRule ribbonRule(IClientConfig config) {
+        return new WeightedResponseTimeRule();
+    }
+
+}

spring-cloud/spring-cloud-ribbon-client/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/cloud/ribbon/client/ServerLocationApp.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.cloud.ribbon.client;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
+import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
+
+@SpringBootApplication
+@RestController
+@RibbonClient(name = "ping-a-server", configuration = RibbonConfiguration.class)
+public class ServerLocationApp {
+
+    @LoadBalanced
+    @Bean
+    RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
+        return new RestTemplate();
+    }
+
+    @Autowired
+    RestTemplate restTemplate;
+
+    @RequestMapping("/server-location")
+    public String serverLocation() {
+        String servLoc = this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://ping-server/locaus", String.class);
+        return servLoc;
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(ServerLocationApp.class, args);
+    }
+}

spring-cloud/spring-cloud-ribbon-client/src/main/resources/application.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: spring-cloud-ribbon
+
+server:
+  port: 8888
+
+ping-server:
+  ribbon:
+    eureka:
+      enabled: false
+    listOfServers: localhost:9092,localhost:9999
+    ServerListRefreshInterval: 15000

spring-cloud/spring-cloud-ribbon-client/src/test/java/com/baeldung/spring/cloud/ribbon/client/ServerLocationAppTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.cloud.ribbon.client;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.BDDAssertions.then;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.LocalServerPort;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
+import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
+@SpringBootTest(classes = ServerLocationApp.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
+public class ServerLocationAppTests {
+    ConfigurableApplicationContext application2;
+    ConfigurableApplicationContext application3;
+
+    @Before
+    public void startApps() {
+        this.application2 = startApp(9092);
+        this.application3 = startApp(9999);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void closeApps() {
+        this.application2.close();
+        this.application3.close();
+    }
+
+    @LocalServerPort
+    private int port;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private TestRestTemplate testRestTemplate;
+
+    @Test
+    public void loadBalancingServersTest() throws InterruptedException {
+        ResponseEntity<String> response = this.testRestTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + this.port + "/server-location", String.class);
+        assertEquals(response.getBody(), "Australia");
+    }
+
+    private ConfigurableApplicationContext startApp(int port) {
+        return SpringApplication.run(TestConfig.class, "--server.port=" + port, "--spring.jmx.enabled=false");
+    }
+}

spring-cloud/spring-cloud-ribbon-client/src/test/java/com/baeldung/spring/cloud/ribbon/client/TestConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.cloud.ribbon.client;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+
+@Configuration
+@EnableAutoConfiguration
+@RestController
+public class TestConfig {
+
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/locaus")
+    public String locationAUSDetails() {
+        return "Australia";
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <artifactId>spring-dispatcher-servlet</artifactId>
+    <packaging>war</packaging>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <relativePath>..</relativePath>
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
+            <version>3.1.0</version>
+            <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
+            <version>4.3.3.RELEASE</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
+            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
+            <version>3.0.2.RELEASE</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
+            <version>1.7.21</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
+            <version>2.7</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
+            <version>2.7</version>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.5.1</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>1.8</source>
+                    <target>1.8</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.0.0</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
+                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>9.3.12.v20160915</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <webApp>
+                        <contextPath>/</contextPath>
+                    </webApp>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/RootConfiguration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet;
+
+import com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.models.Task;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+@Configuration
+public class RootConfiguration {
+    @Bean
+    public Map<String, List<Task>> taskList() {
+        Map<String, List<Task>> taskMap = new HashMap<>();
+        List<Task> taskList = new ArrayList<>();
+        taskList.add(new Task("Clean the dishes!", new Date()));
+        taskMap.put("Cid", taskList);
+        return taskMap;
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/WebApplicationInitializer.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet;
+
+import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener;
+import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
+
+import javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement;
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;
+
+public class WebApplicationInitializer implements org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer {
+    @Override
+    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
+        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootContext =
+          new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
+        rootContext.register(RootConfiguration.class);
+        servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootContext));
+        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext webContext =
+          new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
+        webContext.register(WebConfiguration.class);
+        DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet(webContext);
+        ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher",
+          dispatcherServlet);
+        servlet.addMapping("/*");
+        MultipartConfigElement multipartConfigElement =
+          new MultipartConfigElement("/tmp");
+        servlet.setMultipartConfig(multipartConfigElement);
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/WebConfiguration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet;
+
+import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
+import org.springframework.ui.context.support.ResourceBundleThemeSource;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.CookieLocaleResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.CookieThemeResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.ThemeChangeInterceptor;
+import org.thymeleaf.spring4.SpringTemplateEngine;
+import org.thymeleaf.spring4.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
+import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;
+import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+@Configuration
+@ComponentScan("com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.web")
+@EnableWebMvc
+public class WebConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
+    @Override
+    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
+        registry
+          .addResourceHandler("/public/**")
+          .addResourceLocations("/public/");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
+        registry.addInterceptor(localeChangeInterceptor());
+        registry.addInterceptor(themeChangeInterceptor());
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver(ServletContext servletContext) {
+        ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(servletContext);
+        templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
+        templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
+        templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
+        return templateResolver;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver) {
+        SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
+        templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
+        return templateEngine;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
+        ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
+        viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
+        return viewResolver;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public MessageSource messageSource() {
+        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
+        messageSource.setBasename("messages");
+        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(false);
+        return messageSource;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
+        CookieLocaleResolver localeResolver = new CookieLocaleResolver();
+        localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(Locale.ENGLISH);
+        localeResolver.setCookieName("locale");
+        localeResolver.setCookieMaxAge(-1);
+        return localeResolver;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor() {
+        LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor = new LocaleChangeInterceptor();
+        localeChangeInterceptor.setParamName("lang");
+        localeChangeInterceptor.setIgnoreInvalidLocale(true);
+        return localeChangeInterceptor;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public ResourceBundleThemeSource themeSource() {
+        ResourceBundleThemeSource themeSource = new ResourceBundleThemeSource();
+        themeSource.setBasenamePrefix("theme-");
+        themeSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(false);
+        return themeSource;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public ThemeResolver themeResolver() {
+        CookieThemeResolver themeResolver = new CookieThemeResolver();
+        themeResolver.setDefaultThemeName("robotask");
+        themeResolver.setCookieName("theme");
+        themeResolver.setCookieMaxAge(-1);
+        return themeResolver;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public ThemeChangeInterceptor themeChangeInterceptor() {
+        ThemeChangeInterceptor themeChangeInterceptor = new ThemeChangeInterceptor();
+        themeChangeInterceptor.setParamName("theme");
+        return themeChangeInterceptor;
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public MultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
+        return new StandardServletMultipartResolver();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public HandlerExceptionResolver handlerExceptionResolver() {
+        return new ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver();
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/models/Attachment.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.models;
+
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+public class Attachment {
+    private String id;
+
+    private String name;
+
+    private String description;
+
+    public Attachment() {
+        this.id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+    }
+
+    public Attachment(String name, String description) {
+        this();
+        this.name = name;
+        this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    public String getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(String id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return description;
+    }
+
+    public void setDescription(String description) {
+        this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+        Attachment that = (Attachment) o;
+        return id.equals(that.id);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return id.hashCode();
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/models/Task.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.models;
+
+import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
+
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class Task {
+    private String description;
+
+    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'hh:mm")
+    private Date due;
+
+    private Set<Attachment> attachments = new HashSet<>();
+
+    public Task() {
+    }
+
+    public Task(Date due) {
+        this.due = due;
+    }
+
+    public Task(String description, Date due) {
+        this.description = description;
+        this.due = due;
+    }
+
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return description;
+    }
+
+    public void setDescription(String description) {
+        this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    public Date getDue() {
+        return due;
+    }
+
+    public void setDue(Date due) {
+        this.due = due;
+    }
+
+    public Set<Attachment> getAttachments() {
+        return attachments;
+    }
+
+    public void setAttachments(Set<Attachment> attachments) {
+        this.attachments = attachments;
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/web/AttachmentController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.web;
+
+import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
+
+@RequestMapping("/attachments")
+public interface AttachmentController {
+    @GetMapping("/{attachmentId}")
+    ResponseEntity<FileSystemResource> getAttachment(
+      @PathVariable("attachmentId") String attachmentId,
+      @RequestParam(name = "download", required = false, defaultValue = "false") boolean forcedDownload
+    );
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/web/AttachmentControllerImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.web;
+
+import com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.models.Task;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
+
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@Controller
+public class AttachmentControllerImpl implements AttachmentController {
+    @Autowired
+    private Map<String, List<Task>> taskMap;
+
+    @Override
+    public ResponseEntity<FileSystemResource> getAttachment(
+      @PathVariable("attachmentId") String attachmentId,
+      @RequestParam(name = "download", required = false, defaultValue = "false") boolean forcedDownload
+    ) {
+        FileSystemResource resource = new FileSystemResource("/tmp/" + attachmentId);
+        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
+        taskMap.values().stream()
+          .flatMap(Collection::stream)
+          .flatMap(t -> t.getAttachments().stream())
+          .filter(a -> a.getId().equals(attachmentId))
+          .findFirst()
+          .ifPresent(a -> {
+              headers.add("Content-Disposition",
+                "attachment; filename=" + a.getName());
+              headers.add("Content-Type", forcedDownload ?
+                MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM_VALUE :
+                URLConnection.guessContentTypeFromName(a.getName()));
+          });
+        return new ResponseEntity<>(resource, headers, HttpStatus.OK);
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/web/GlobalDefaultExceptionHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.web;
+
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+@ControllerAdvice
+public class GlobalDefaultExceptionHandler {
+    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
+    public ModelAndView defaultErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest request, Exception e) throws Exception {
+        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
+        modelAndView.addObject("exception", e);
+        modelAndView.addObject("url", request.getRequestURL());
+        modelAndView.setViewName("error");
+        return modelAndView;
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/web/HomeController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.web;
+
+import org.springframework.ui.Model;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+
+@RequestMapping("/")
+public interface HomeController {
+    @GetMapping("/*")
+    String home(
+      Model model
+    );
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/web/HomeControllerImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.web;
+
+import com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.models.Task;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.ui.Model;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+@Controller
+public class HomeControllerImpl implements HomeController {
+    @Autowired
+    private Map<String, List<Task>> taskMap;
+
+    @Override
+    public String home(Model model) {
+        List<String> users = taskMap.keySet().stream()
+          .sorted()
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        model.addAttribute("users", users);
+        return "home";
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/web/TaskController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.web;
+
+import com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.models.Task;
+import org.springframework.ui.Model;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
+
+@RequestMapping("/tasks")
+public interface TaskController {
+    @GetMapping("/{username}/list")
+    String listTasks(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      Model model
+    );
+
+    @GetMapping("/{username}/add")
+    String addTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      Model model
+    );
+
+    @PostMapping("/{username}/add")
+    String addTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      @ModelAttribute Task task
+    );
+
+    @GetMapping("/{username}/get/{id}")
+    String getTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      @PathVariable("id") int id,
+      Model model
+    );
+
+    @GetMapping("/{username}/get/{id}/attach")
+    String attachToTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      @PathVariable("id") int id,
+      Model model
+    );
+
+    @PostMapping("/{username}/get/{id}/attach")
+    String attachToTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      @PathVariable("id") int id,
+      @RequestParam("attachment") MultipartFile attachment,
+      @RequestParam("description") String description
+    );
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/dispatcher/servlet/web/TaskControllerImpl.java

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.web;
+
+import com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.models.Attachment;
+import com.baeldung.spring.dispatcher.servlet.models.Task;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.ui.Model;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+@Controller
+public class TaskControllerImpl implements TaskController {
+    @Autowired
+    private Map<String, List<Task>> taskMap;
+
+    @Override
+    public String listTasks(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      Model model
+    ) {
+        List<Task> tasks = taskMap.get(username).stream()
+          .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Task::getDue))
+          .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        model.addAttribute("username", username);
+        model.addAttribute("tasks", tasks);
+        return "task-list";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String addTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      Model model
+    ) {
+        model.addAttribute("username", username);
+        model.addAttribute("task", new Task(new Date()));
+        return "task-add";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String addTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      @ModelAttribute Task task
+    ) {
+        List<Task> taskList = taskMap.get(username);
+        if (taskList == null) {
+            taskList = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+        taskList.add(task);
+        taskMap.put(username, taskList);
+        return "redirect:list";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      @PathVariable("id") int id,
+      Model model
+    ) {
+        Task task = taskMap.get(username).get(id);
+        model.addAttribute("username", username);
+        model.addAttribute("id", id);
+        model.addAttribute("task", task);
+        return "task-get";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String attachToTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      @PathVariable("id") int id,
+      Model model
+    ) {
+        model.addAttribute("username", username);
+        model.addAttribute("id", id);
+        return "task-attach";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String attachToTask(
+      @PathVariable("username") String username,
+      @PathVariable("id") int id,
+      @RequestParam("attachment") MultipartFile multipartFile,
+      @RequestParam("description") String description
+    ) {
+        Task task = taskMap.get(username).get(id);
+        Attachment attachment = new Attachment(multipartFile.getOriginalFilename(),
+          description);
+        task.getAttachments().add(attachment);
+        try (InputStream inputStream =
+               new BufferedInputStream(multipartFile.getInputStream());
+             OutputStream outputStream =
+               new BufferedOutputStream(Files.newOutputStream(
+                 Paths.get("/tmp", attachment.getId())))) {
+            byte[] buf = new byte[1024 * 16];
+            int len;
+            while ((len = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {
+                outputStream.write(buf, 0, len);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to upload file!", e);
+        }
+        return "redirect:./";
+    }
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/resources/log4j2.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Configuration status="WARN">
+    <Appenders>
+        <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
+            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36}:%n[+] %msg%n"/>
+        </Console>
+    </Appenders>
+
+    <Loggers>
+        <Root level="info">
+            <AppenderRef ref="Console"/>
+        </Root>
+    </Loggers>
+</Configuration>

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/resources/messages.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+home.title=Welcome to TaskTools!
+task.add.description=description
+task.add.due=due
+task.add.header=Adding a task to {0}''s list:
+task.add.submit=Submit
+task.add.title={0}: task add
+task.attach.attachment=attached file
+task.attach.description=description
+task.attach.header=task #{0}: attach file
+task.attach.submit=Submit
+task.attach.title=#{0}: Attach file
+task.get.attach=Attach file
+task.get.attachments=attachments:
+task.get.download=Download
+task.get.header=task #{0}:
+task.get.list=Back
+task.get.title={0}: task details
+task.list.add-new=Add new
+task.list.details=Details
+task.list.header={0}''s tasks:
+task.list.home=Home
+task.list.title={0}: task list

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/resources/messages_de.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+home.title=Willkommen bei TaskTools!
+task.add.description=Beschreibung
+task.add.due=f\u00e4llig
+task.add.header=F\u00fcge eine Aufgabe zu {0}''s Liste hinzu:
+task.add.submit=Senden
+task.add.title={0}: Task hinzuf\u00fcgen
+task.attach.attachment=Angeh\u00e4ngte Datei
+task.attach.description=Beschreibung
+task.attach.header=Task #{0}: Datei anh\u00e4ngen
+task.attach.submit=Senden
+task.attach.title=#{0}: Datei anh\u00e4ngen
+task.get.attach=Datei anh\u00e4ngen
+task.get.attachments=Anh\u00e4nge:
+task.get.download=Download
+task.get.header=Task #{0}:
+task.get.list=Zur\u00fcck
+task.get.title={0}: Task Details
+task.list.add-new=Neuer Task
+task.list.details=Details
+task.list.header={0}''s Tasks:
+task.list.home=Startseite
+task.list.title={0}: Task Liste

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/resources/theme-post_it.properties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stylesheet=/public/css/themes/post_it.css

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/resources/theme-robotask.properties

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+stylesheet=/public/css/themes/robotask.css

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/error.html

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
+    <head>
+        <title>Error</title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/public/css/base.css">
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" th:href="${#themes.code('stylesheet')}">
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h2>Error:</h2>
+        <p th:text="|URL: ${url}|"></p>
+        <p th:text="${exception}"></p>
+    </body>
+</html>

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/home.html

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
+    <head>
+        <title th:text="#{home.title}"></title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/public/css/base.css">
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" th:href="${#themes.code('stylesheet')}">
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h2>TaskTools</h2>
+        <ul>
+            <li th:each="username : ${users}">
+                <a th:href="@{/tasks/{username}/list(username=${username})}" th:text="${username}"></a>
+            </li>
+        </ul>
+    </body>
+</html>

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/task-add.html

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
+    <head>
+        <title th:text="#{task.add.title(${username})}"></title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/public/css/base.css">
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" th:href="${#themes.code('stylesheet')}">
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h2 th:text="#{task.add.header(${username})}"></h2>
+        <form method="post" action="#" th:action="@{/tasks/{username}/add(username=${username})}" th:object="${task}">
+            <input type="text" th:field="*{description}" th:placeholder="#{task.add.description}"/>
+            <input type="datetime-local" th:field="*{due}" th:placeholder="#{task.add.due}"/>
+            <input type="submit" th:value="#{task.add.submit}"/>
+        </form>
+    </body>
+</html>

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/task-attach.html

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
+    <head>
+        <title th:text="#{task.attach.title(${id})}"></title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/public/css/base.css">
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" th:href="${#themes.code('stylesheet')}">
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h2 th:text="#{task.attach.header(${id})}"></h2>
+        <form method="post" action="#" enctype="multipart/form-data"
+              th:action="@{/tasks/{username}/get/{id}/attach(username=${username},id=${id})}">
+            <input type="file" name="attachment" th:placeholder="#{task.attach.attachment}"/>
+            <input type="text" name="description" th:placeholder="#{task.attach.description}"/>
+            <input type="submit" th:value="#{task.attach.submit}"/>
+        </form>
+    </body>
+</html>

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/task-get.html

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
+    <head>
+        <title th:text="#{task.get.title(${task.description})}"></title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/public/css/base.css">
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" th:href="${#themes.code('stylesheet')}">
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h2 th:text="#{task.get.header(${id})}"></h2>
+        <p th:text="${task.due}"></p>
+        <p th:text="${task.description}"></p>
+        <hr/>
+        <p th:text="#{task.get.attachments}"></p>
+        <dl th:each="attachment : ${task.attachments}">
+            <dt><img src="#" th:src="@{/attachments/{id}(id=${attachment.id})}"></dt>
+            <dt>
+                <span th:text="${attachment.name}"></span>
+                <a class="button" th:href="@{/attachments/{id}(id=${attachment.id},download=true)}"
+                   th:text="#{task.get.download}"></a>
+            </dt>
+            <dd th:text="${attachment.description}"></dd>
+        </dl>
+        <p>
+            <a th:href="@{/tasks/{username}/list(username=${username})}" th:text="#{task.get.list}"></a>
+            <a th:href="@{/tasks/{username}/get/{id}/attach(username=${username},id=${id})}" th:text="#{task.get.attach}"></a>
+        </p>
+    </body>
+</html>

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/task-list.html

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
+    <head>
+        <title th:text="#{task.list.title(${username})}"></title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/public/css/base.css">
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" th:href="${#themes.code('stylesheet')}">
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h2 th:text="#{task.list.header(${username})}"></h2>
+        <ul>
+            <li th:each="task : ${tasks}">
+                <p th:text="*{task.due}"></p>
+                <p th:text="*{task.description}"></p>
+                <a th:href="@{/tasks/{username}/get/{id}(username=${username},id=${taskStat.index})}" th:text="#{task.list.details}"></a>
+            </li>
+        </ul>
+        <p>
+            <a th:href="@{/}" th:text="#{task.list.home}"></a>
+            <a th:href="@{/tasks/{username}/add(username=${username})}" th:text="#{task.list.add-new}"></a>
+        </p>
+    </body>
+</html>

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/public/css/base.css

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+a.button {
+    -webkit-appearance: button;
+    -moz-appearance: button;
+    appearance: button;
+    text-decoration: none;
+    color: #2196f3;
+    background-color: #e0e0e0;
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/public/css/themes/post_it.css

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Indie+Flower');
+
+* {
+    font-family: 'Indie Flower', sans-serif;
+    font-size: 18px;
+    color: #ffeb3b;
+    background-color: #212121;
+}

spring-dispatcher-servlet/src/main/webapp/public/css/themes/robotask.css

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto');
+
+* {
+    font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1em;
+    color: #212121;
+    background-color: #fafafa;
+}

spring-hibernate4/src/main/java/com/baeldung/persistence/model/Bar.java

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class Bar implements Serializable {
     @Column(name = "timestamp")
     private long timestamp;
 
-    @Column(name = "created_date")
+    @Column(name = "created_date", updatable = false, nullable = false)
     @CreatedDate
     private long createdDate;
 

spring-integration/pom.xml

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
 	<groupId>com.baeldung.samples.spring.integration</groupId>
-	<artifactId>baeldungSIsample</artifactId>
+	<artifactId>spring-integration</artifactId>
 	<version>1.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	<packaging>jar</packaging>
 
-	<name>Baeldung Spring Intro</name>
+	<name>spring-integration</name>
 	<url>http://www.springsource.org/spring-integration</url>
 
 	<prerequisites>

spring-jpa/README.md

@@ -13,5 +13,12 @@
 - [Hibernate Second-Level Cache](http://www.baeldung.com/hibernate-second-level-cache)
 - [Spring, Hibernate and a JNDI Datasource](http://www.baeldung.com/spring-persistence-jpa-jndi-datasource)
 
-To ignore "No persistence xml file found in project", you do:
+### Eclipse Config 
-Project -> Properties -> Java Persistance -> JPA -> Error/Warnings -> Select Ignore on "No persistence xml file found in project"
+After importing the project into Eclipse, you may see the following error:  
+"No persistence xml file found in project"
+
+This can be ignored: 
+- Project -> Properties -> Java Persistance -> JPA -> Error/Warnings -> Select Ignore on "No persistence xml file found in project"
+Or: 
+- Eclipse -> Preferences - Validation - disable the "Build" execution of the JPA Validator 
+

spring-mvc-java/src/test/java/com/baeldung/web/controller/EmployeeTestWithoutMockMvc.java

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package com.baeldung.web.controller;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
+import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
+
+import com.baeldung.model.Employee;
+import com.baeldung.spring.web.config.WebConfig;
+
+@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
+@WebAppConfiguration
+@ContextConfiguration(classes = WebConfig.class)
+public class EmployeeTestWithoutMockMvc {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private EmployeeController employeeController;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        employeeController.initEmployees();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenInitEmployees_thenVerifyValuesInitiation() {
+
+        Employee employee1 = employeeController.employeeMap.get(1L);
+        Employee employee2 = employeeController.employeeMap.get(2L);
+        Employee employee3 = employeeController.employeeMap.get(3L);
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee1.getId() == 1L);
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee1.getName().equals("John"));
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee1.getContactNumber().equals("223334411"));
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee1.getWorkingArea().equals("rh"));
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee2.getId() == 2L);
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee2.getName().equals("Peter"));
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee2.getContactNumber().equals("22001543"));
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee2.getWorkingArea().equals("informatics"));
+
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee3.getId() == 3L);
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee3.getName().equals("Mike"));
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee3.getContactNumber().equals("223334411"));
+        Assert.assertTrue(employee3.getWorkingArea().equals("admin"));
+    }
+
+}

spring-mvc-web-vs-initializer/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
         <servlet-class>
             org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
         </servlet-class>
-        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
         <init-param>
             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
             <param-value>classpath*:mvc-configuration.xml</param-value>
         </init-param>
+        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
     </servlet>
 
     <servlet-mapping>

spring-mvc-xml/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/controller/ErrorController.java

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.controller;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
+
+@Controller
+public class ErrorController {
+    
+    @RequestMapping(value = "500Error", method = RequestMethod.GET)
+    public void throwRuntimeException() {
+        throw new NullPointerException("Throwing a null pointer exception");
+    }
+
+    @RequestMapping(value = "errors", method = RequestMethod.GET)
+    public ModelAndView renderErrorPage(HttpServletRequest httpRequest) {
+        ModelAndView errorPage = new ModelAndView("errorPage");
+        String errorMsg = "";
+        int httpErrorCode = getErrorCode(httpRequest);
+
+        switch (httpErrorCode) {
+        case 400: {
+            errorMsg = "Http Error Code : 400 . Bad Request";
+            break;
+        }
+        case 401: {
+            errorMsg = "Http Error Code : 401. Unauthorized";
+            break;
+        }
+        case 404: {
+            errorMsg = "Http Error Code : 404. Resource not found";
+            break;
+        }
+            // Handle other 4xx error codes.
+        case 500: {
+            errorMsg = "Http Error Code : 500. Internal Server Error";
+            break;
+        }
+            // Handle other 5xx error codes.
+        }
+        errorPage.addObject("errorMsg", errorMsg);
+        return errorPage;
+    }
+
+    private int getErrorCode(HttpServletRequest httpRequest) {
+        return (Integer) httpRequest
+                .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
+    }
+}

spring-mvc-xml/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/view/errorPage.jsp

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
+<%@ page session="false"%>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Home</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>${errorMsg}</h1>
+</body>
+</html>

spring-mvc-xml/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml

@@ -43,4 +43,7 @@
         <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
     </welcome-file-list>
 
+    <error-page>
+        <location>/errors</location>
+    </error-page>
 </web-app>

spring-rest/pom.xml

@@ -332,5 +332,17 @@
         <com.squareup.okhttp3.version>3.4.1</com.squareup.okhttp3.version>
 
     </properties>
-
+	<reporting>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+                <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.0.4</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <effort>Max</effort>
+                    <omitVisitors>FindDeadLocalStores,FindNullDeref</omitVisitors>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </reporting>
 </project>

spring-rest/src/test/java/org/baeldung/okhttp/OkHttpGetLiveTest.java

@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
 package org.baeldung.okhttp;
 
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import okhttp3.*;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import org.junit.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
-import org.junit.Test;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
-
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
-import okhttp3.Call;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-import okhttp3.Callback;
-import okhttp3.HttpUrl;
-import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
-import okhttp3.Request;
-import okhttp3.Response;
 
 public class OkHttpGetLiveTest {
 
@@ -54,7 +49,7 @@ public class OkHttpGetLiveTest {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void whenAsynchronousGetRequest_thenCorrect() {
+    public void whenAsynchronousGetRequest_thenCorrect() throws InterruptedException {
 
         OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
 
@@ -71,8 +66,10 @@ public class OkHttpGetLiveTest {
             }
 
             public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
-
+            	fail();
             }
         });
+
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
     }
 }

spring-rest/src/test/java/org/baeldung/okhttp/OkHttpMiscLiveTest.java

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public class OkHttpMiscLiveTest {
         response.close();
     }
 
-    @Test
+    @Test(expected = IOException.class)
     public void whenCancelRequest_thenCorrect() throws IOException {
 
         ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
@@ -49,30 +49,22 @@ public class OkHttpMiscLiveTest {
           .build();
 
         final int seconds = 1;
-
         final long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
+
         final Call call = client.newCall(request);
 
         // Schedule a job to cancel the call in 1 second.
-        executor.schedule(new Runnable() {
+        executor.schedule(() -> {
-            public void run() {
+
+        	logger.debug("Canceling call: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
+            call.cancel();
+            logger.debug("Canceled call: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
 
-                logger.debug("Canceling call: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
-                call.cancel();
-                logger.debug("Canceled call: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
-            }
         }, seconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
-        try {
+        logger.debug("Executing call: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
-
+        Response response = call.execute();
-            logger.debug("Executing call: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
+        logger.debug("Call completed: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, response);
-            Response response = call.execute();
-            logger.debug("Call was expected to fail, but completed: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, response);
-
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-
-            logger.debug("Call failed as expected: " + (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, e);
-        }
     }
 
     @Test

spring-session/jetty-session-demo/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>jetty-session-demo</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
+        <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
+        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-session</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <dependencyManagement>
+        <dependencies>
+            <dependency>
+                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
+                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
+                <version>Brixton.RELEASE</version>
+                <type>pom</type>
+                <scope>import</scope>
+            </dependency>
+        </dependencies>
+    </dependencyManagement>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.3</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>1.8</source>
+                    <target>1.8</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

spring-session/jetty-session-demo/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/session/tomcatex/JettyWebApplication.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.session.tomcatex;
+
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+
+@SpringBootApplication
+@RestController
+public class JettyWebApplication {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(JettyWebApplication.class, args);
+    }
+
+    @RequestMapping
+    public String helloJetty() {
+        return "hello Jetty";
+    }
+
+    @RequestMapping("/test")
+    public String lksjdf() {
+        return "";
+    }
+}

spring-session/jetty-session-demo/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/session/tomcatex/SecurityConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.session.tomcatex;
+
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
+import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
+import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
+import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
+
+@Configuration
+@EnableWebSecurity
+public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
+
+    @Override
+    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
+        http
+            .sessionManagement()
+            .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.NEVER)
+            .and()
+            .authorizeRequests().anyRequest().hasRole("ADMIN");
+    }
+}

spring-session/jetty-session-demo/src/main/java/com/baeldung/spring/session/tomcatex/SessionConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.baeldung.spring.session.tomcatex;
+
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession;
+import org.springframework.session.web.context.AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer;
+import org.springframework.session.web.http.HeaderHttpSessionStrategy;
+import org.springframework.session.web.http.HttpSessionStrategy;
+
+@Configuration
+@EnableRedisHttpSession
+public class SessionConfig extends AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer {
+    @Bean
+    public HttpSessionStrategy httpSessionStrategy() {
+        return new HeaderHttpSessionStrategy();
+    }
+}

spring-session/jetty-session-demo/src/main/resources/application.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+server.port=8081
+spring.redis.host=localhost
+spring.redis.port=6379

spring-session/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+        <artifactId>parent-modules</artifactId>
+        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <artifactId>spring-session</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <packaging>pom</packaging>
+
+    <modules>
+        <module>jetty-session-demo</module>
+        <module>tomcat-session-demo</module>
+    </modules>
+</project>

spring-session/tomcat-session-demo/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <groupId>com.baeldung</groupId>
+    <artifactId>tomcat-session-demo</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+
+    <parent>
+        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
+        <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
+        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
+    </parent>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-session</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <dependencyManagement>
+        <dependencies>
+            <dependency>
+                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
+                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
+                <version>Brixton.RELEASE</version>
+                <type>pom</type>
+                <scope>import</scope>
+            </dependency>
+        </dependencies>
+    </dependencyManagement>
+
+    <build>
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+            </plugin>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.3</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <source>1.8</source>
+                    <target>1.8</target>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>